• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2023

This study reports a rare case of broad ligament abdominal ectopic pregnancy (EP). Interventions included preoperative transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography and operative laparoscopy. Successful extraction of the EP, followed by suturing of the mesosalpinx, was performed. Laparoscopic fertility-preservation treatment of broad ligament EP is valuable for women during the childbearing period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

This study aims to find out the standardized test criteria regarding patients with the anterior cruciate ligament damage by identifying the degree of the flexion gap of femur and tibia upon bending of the anterior cruciate ligament in order to carry out the accurate test of such impairment. On the standardized test method and judgement criteria upon the anterior cruciate ligament test using Telos, it has been shown that there was no significant difference in the results according to the position of a fixed roller in the anterior cruciate ligament test for normal patients. However, in a test for patients who had undergone the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, it has been shown that the measured values of the anterior cruciate ligament tended to be pushed when the position of a fixed roller was less than 1cm in the test according to the position of a fixed roller of Telos (less than 1cm, more than 3cm), and this was statistically significant. The anterior cruciate ligament test (knee stress test) is a limited method used in orthopedics and rehabilitation medicine, and there have been no standardized test guidelines available yet although numerous ligament measurement tests have been performed. In addition, since the measured values are often different depending on testers even on the test that is expected to give the same result, the reproducibility of the test is still low. Accordingly, it is considered that the criteria for the anterior cruciate ligament test need to be established, and this would contribute to the accuracy of the diagnosis through the accurate test and standardized measurements.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.179-193
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• 2001

previous studies have demonstrated an increase in bone mass and density with use of bisphosphonate in osteoporosis. This agent acts as an inhibitor of osteoclastic activity and results in increase of net osteoblastic activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the bisphosphonate on osteoblastic activity of the human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Periodontal ligament cells were primarily obtained from extracted healthy third molars. Cells of 4th to 6th passage were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing alendronate sodium or etidronate disodium at the concentration of $10^{-12}{\sim}10^{-6}mol/L$ in 5% $Co_2$ incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. Cell count and MTT assay for cellular activity were done at 2 to 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity at 4 to 7 days of culture and formation of mineralized nodules at 28 days of culture with addition of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ascorbic acid, 10 nM${\beta}-glycerophosphate$, $10^{-7}M$ dexamethasone were evaluated. 1. Alendronate sodium Compared to the control, the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was generally increased and the cellular activity was maintained at 2 days of culture and generally decreased at 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells was inceased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. 2. Etidronate disodium The proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was increased at 2 days of culture and decreased or maintained at 7 days of culture. Compared to the control, the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells was generally decreased. Alkaline phosphatase activity of peridontal ligament cells was increased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. These results suggest that alendronate sodium and etidronate disodium may have a potential effect on osteoblastic lineage of periodontal ligament cells, distinct from their inhibitory action on osteoclasts and could contribute to enhance periodontal regeneration and alveolar bone regeneration.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.50-54
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• 2014

Objectives: Digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) has been used widely for various inflammatory diseases, circulatory diseases, skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and cancers. In cases of ligament injury, obviously the temperature of the damaged area increases due to local inflammation; however, whether the temperature also increases due to DITI has not been determined. The purpose of the present study was to identify whether or not the changes of temperature in patient's with medial collateral ligament injury were really due to infrared thermography and to determine the applicability of DITI for assessing ligament injuries. Methods: Twenty patient's who underwent DITI for a medial collateral ligament injury from September 2012 to June 2014 were included in the current study. The thermographic images from the patient's knees were divided to cover seven sub-areas: the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the inferolateral, the superomedial, the superolateral, the medial, and the lateral regions of patella. The temperatures of the seven regions were measured, and the temperature differences between affected and unaffected regions were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The 20 patient's were composed of 14 women (70%) and 6 men (30%), with a mean age of $62.15{\pm}15.71$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation (SD)) years. The temperature of the affected side, which included the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the superomedial, the superolateral, and the medial regions, showed a significant increase compared to that of the unaffected side (P < 0.05). The inferolateral and the lateral regions showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that DITI can show temperature changes if a patient has a ligament injury and that it can be applied in the evaluation of a medial collateral ligament injury.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.242-249
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare the properties of dental pulp and periodontal ligament stem cells from extracted supernumerary teeth by quantitative real-time PCR. Impacted supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region were extracted. Dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells were collected from extracted supernumerary teeth on the same day. After isolation and culture of cells, compare characterization of them by using qRT-PCR. Primer sequences for odontoblasts are ONT, ALP, OCN, DMP-1 and DSPP. On dental pulp group, ONT has the largest quantity of gene expression, followed by OCN, ALP, DMP-1 and DSPP. On periodontal ligament group, ONT has the largest quantity of gene expression, followed by OCN, ALP, DSPP and DMP-1. Analysis of quantitative gene expression data using relative quantification showed that the expression of all genes decreased in periodontal ligament cells. Dental pulp and periodontal ligament stem cells from supernumerary teeth have the properties of odontoblasts. Considering that properties, supernumerary teeth were considered a useful donor site of dental pulp and periodontal ligament stem cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.623-634
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• 1995

Periodontitis is characterized by gingival inflammation and results in periodontal pocket formation with loss of the supporting alveolar bone and connective tissue around the teeth. Therapeutic modalities should therefore aim not only at eliminating the gingival inflammatory process and preventing the progression of periodontal disease but also at reestablishing and regenerating the periodontal tissue previously lost to the disease. To achieve periodontal regeneration, progenitor cells must migrate to the denuded root surface, attach to it, proliferate and mature into an organized and functional fibrous attachment apparatus. Likewise, progenitor bone cells must also migrate, proliferate, and mature in conjunction with the regenerating periodontal ligament. Significant advances have been made during the last decade in understanding the factors controlling the migration, attachment and proliferation of cells. A group of naturally occuring molecules known as polypeptide growth factors in conjunction with certain matrix proteins are key regulators of these biological events. Of these, the fibroblast growth factor(FGF), platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) , insulin like growth factor(CIGFs), transforming growth factor(TGFs), epidermal growth factor(EGF) and bone morphogenetic growth factor(BMPs) apper to have an important role in periodontal wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of BMP on periodontal ligament cells. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured from extracted tooth for non-periodontal reason. Cultured periodontal ligament cells were treated with BMP. Cellular activities were determined by MTT(3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and ALP(alkaline phosphatase) activity. The results were as follows ; Regardless of cultured time, cellular activities were stimulated by BMP. Also, BMP greatly increased alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in periodontal ligament cells. These results suggest that BMP not only have no cytotoxic effect on periodontal ligament cells, but also have osteogenic stimulatory effect on periodontal ligament cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.188-201
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• 1996

One of the initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblasts at the healing sites. These have been reported that minocycline stimulates the attachment of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells and $TGF-{\beta}1$ enhances the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and confirm the effect of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ on human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. That gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells used in this study were obtained from the explants of healthy periodontal ligaments and gingival tissues of extracted 3rd molars or premolar teeth extracted from the patients with orthodontic treatment. The cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$(minimal essential medium) supplemented with antibiotics and FBS(fetal bovine serum) at $37^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide-95% air. Cells were used between the 5th to 8th passage in this study. The attachment and activity of both cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The results were as follows: 1. Maximum gingival fibroblast attachment was seen at a $50{\mu}g/ml$ dose of minocycline, while maximum periodontal ligament cell attachment was seen at a $100{\mu}g/ml$, and exposure of both cells to minocycline above maximal attachment dose results in a decline from maximum attachment. 2. The activity values of both cells tested minocycline were below to the control activity values at all concentrations. 3. The attachment values of both cells tested $TGF-{\beta}1$ were below or similar to control attachment values. On the above the findings, minocycline stimulated the cell attachment of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells and $TGF-{\beta}1$ enhances the cell activity of periodontal ligament cells.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 1998

Discoid lateral menisci were common morphological anomaly and several classifications were proposed. Watanabe et al classified all discoid menisci, as seen arthroscopically, into three types 1) complete 2) incomplete and 3) Wrisberg ligament type. The purpose of this study is to report a rare case of both painful snapping knee joints in 6 year-old female. On arthroscopic examination, complete lateral discoid meniscus which consisted of taut Wrisberg ligament and intact tibial insertion of posterior horn was found, and abnormal anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) which has expanded femoral origin over the posterior articular surface of lateral femoral condyle was also found. At the time of arthroscopic surgery, hypertrophied high-riding Wrisberg ligament was resected, and expanded femoral origin of the anterior cruciate ligament was partially resected nearly to normal margin, and discoid lateral meniscus was saucerized. After these procedures, abnormal snapping sound was disappeared in full range of motion. On the follow-up examination after 1 year, pain and snapping sound were disappeared and any instability and limping were not found.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2013

Multiple ligament knee injury is defined as rupture to at least two of the four major knee ligament structures. Three or four knee ligament injury results in knee dislocation as complete disruption of the integrity of the tibiofemoral articulation. In multiple ligament knee injury, vascular and neurologic assessment should be performed meticulously and systematically. Emergency surgery should be needed if arterial injury is suspected. Surgical treatment rather than conservative management should be done and early surgery might be better than delayed surgery. Reconstruction of ACL and PCL, repair or reconstruction of MCL, and reconstruction of posterolateral corner are recommended, although many debates have occurred. Multiple ligament knee injury requires more aggressive management than single ligament knee injury.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

Periodontal inflammation increases the risk of tooth loss, particularly in cases where there is an associated loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (PDL). Histological and morphometric evaluation of periodontal inflammation is difficult. Especially, the lengths of the periodontal ligament and interdental alveolar bone space have not been quantified. A quantitative imaging procedure applicable to an animal model would be an important clinical study. The purpose of this study was to quantify the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament by evaluation with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Another purpose was to investigate differences in infections with systemic E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament model on mice. This study showed that linear measurements of alveolar bone loss were represented with an increasing trend of the periodontal ligament length and interdental alveolar process space. The effects of systemic E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on an E. coli LPS-induced periodontitis mice model were investigated in this research. Loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and calculated by the two- and three dimensional microstructure morphometric parameters. Also, there was a significantly increasing trend of the interdental alveolar process space in E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli LPS compared to PBS. And E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli LPS had a slightly increasing trend of the periodontal ligament length. The increasing trend of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the LPS-induced mice model in this experiment supports the previous studies on the contribution of periodontal diseases in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases. Also, our findings offer a unique model for the study of the role of LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ in systemic and chronic local inflammatory processes and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we performed rapidly quantification of the periodontal inflammatory processes and periodontal bone loss using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in mice.