• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.147-158
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• 2010

The Soviet Silent Films in the 1920s, produced a brilliant prosperity in the history of world films in the cultural and artistic aspects. Among them, Dziga Vertov was a film theorists and a practitioner along with Sergei M. Einstein played a pivotal role in the contemporary soviet films at the time. But the film theories of Vetro is incorrectly recognized or specialized compared to the theories of Eisenstein. But Deleuze has stated that the short in the movie of Vertov is able to deliver a meaning and an impact and he has emphasized that a short can be significant by itself by focusing on the 'truth' which a documentary must have. His film theories are based on futurism and constructivism and use the 'kino-eye' method and 'Interval' theory to summarize and organize his movies into 'movie-truth' principal and 'life as itself' concept. Deleuze the purpose of this research is to analyze with the Vertov core of film theory and every theory of kino eye as the foundation and by comparing the Montage Theory of Sergei Eisenstein and applying Deleuze's Image Theory. Furthermore, it can be insufficient to discuss the film commercial achievements of Vertov as a result of inadequacy of previous research but it will further study his innovative methods and depth of his theories in his representation form in the documentary films.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 1979

A study on the processing of soy curd powder with soybean milk and kril autolasate has been carried out to prolong tile self life and to improve the taste and colour of soy curd. The soy curd was manufactured by coagulation of the soybean milk prepared from soybean through a series of processes of soaking, grinding, heating at $500^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes and filtration. Ten hours was reasonable as the soaking time of the soybean for the high yield of soybean milk. The use of $3\%$ $glucono-\delta-lactone$ to the weight of the raw soybean showed the best coagulation of the soybean milk at $90^{\circ}C$ in relation to the yield and content of crude protein of the soy curd. The soy curd powder prepared by spray drying of soyben milk could be coagulated at $90^{\circ}C$ by the addition of $glucono-\delta-lactone$ after suspending in water. The powder manufactured by spray drying of the mixture of soybean milk and drill autolasate could also be coagulated under the same conditions to produce the soft soy curd. Another powder prepared by spray drying of the mixture of soybean milk, krill autolysate and $glucono-\delta-lactone$ could be coagulated by standing at room temperature after 2 minutes boiling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7309-7314
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• 2013

Aim: To investigate factors that affect the place of death (POD) of terminal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We recruited 702 consecutive patients (${\geq}18$ years) from 12 centers during July 2005 to October 2006, and 481 completed the questionnaire. In April 2011, we linked the data for 96.0% (n=462) of the deceased patients to the POD using the 2005-2009 death certificate data of Korea's National Statistical Office. The primary outcome variable was POD, and the predictive value of variables pertaining to patients and caregivers was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Most patients died in a hospital (91.5%, n=441) and age, education, preference for place of terminal care, wish to use hospice/palliative care services, terminal cancer awareness, time between diagnosis and death, and global quality-of-life subscale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 of patients, and education and preference for place of terminal care of caregivers were significant predictors in univariate analyses. On multivariate analysis, patients and caregivers who preferred hospital/palliative care as the terminal care option over home care [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.68; 95% confidential interval (CI), 1.18-7.04 and aOR: 2.65; 95%CI: 1.15-6.09 for patient and caregiver preferences, respectively] and caregivers who were highly educated (aOR, 3.19; 95%CI, 1.44-7.06) were predictors of POD. Conclusions: Most of the terminal cancer patients died in a hospital. Our findings indicate that major predictors of hospital deaths are preference of both the patient and caregiver for hospital/palliative care as the terminal care option and higher education of the caregiver.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.607-613
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• 2020

Objective : Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage is a life-threatening disease, and non-lesional spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (nIPH) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are the leading causes of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. Only a few studies have assessed the association between prior physical activity or triggering events and the occurrence of nIPH or aSAH. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of specific physical activities and triggering events in the occurrence of nIPH and aSAH. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 824 consecutive patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage between January 2010 and December 2018. Among the 824 patients, 132 patients were excluded due to insufficient clinical data and other etiologies of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. The medical records of 692 patients were reviewed, and the following parameters were assessed : age, sex, history of hypertension, smoking, history of stroke, use of antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents, season and time of onset, physical activities performed according to the metabolic equivalents, and triggering event at onset. Events that suddenly raised the blood pressure such as sudden postural changes, defecation or urination, sexual intercourse, unexpected emotional stress, sauna bath, and medical examination were defined as triggering events. These clinical data were compared between the nIPH and aSAH groups. Results : Both nIPH and aSAH most commonly occurred during non-strenuous physical activity, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.524). Thirty-two patients (6.6%) in the nIPH group and 39 patients (8.1%) in the aSAH group experienced triggering events at onset, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.034). The most common triggering events were defecation or urination in both groups. Conclusion : Specific physical activity dose no affect the incidence of nIPH and aSAH. The relationship between the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage and triggering events is higher in aSAH than nIPH.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.45-71
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• 1991

The landscape systems in Korean island settlements can be recognized as results of ingabitants' ecological adptation to the isolated environment with the limited natural resources. Both the fishery dominant industry in island society and ecological nature of its environments seem to have influenced on inhabitants' environmental cognition as well as the physical landscape of island villages such as its location, spatial pattern in each village, housing form and so on. This study was done mainly by both refering to the related documents and direct observations in case study areas, and results of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. In general, the landscape of an individual island seems to take more innate characteristics of island's own, corresponding to the degree of isolation from mainland. That is, while the landscape of island in neighboring waters takes both inland-like and island-innate landscape character at the same time, the one in the open sea far from land takes more innate landscape character of all island's own in the aspects of village location, land use and housing density etc. 2. The convex landform of most islands brings about more centrifugal village allocation than centripetal allocation in most inland villages. And thus most villages in each island face extremely diverse directions different from the south facing preference in most inland rural villages. 3. Most island villages tend to be located along the ecologically transitional strip between land and sea, so called 'line of life', rather than between hilly slope and flat land as being in most inland village locations. So they are located with marine ecology bounded fishing ground ahead and land ecology bounded agricultural site at the back of them. 4. The settlement pattern of the island fishing villages shows more compact spatial structure than that of inland agricultural villages, due to the absolute limits of usable land resources and the adaptation to the marine environment with severe sea winds and waves or for the easy accessability to the fishing grounds. And also the managerial patterns of public owned sea weed catching ground, which take each family as the unit of usership rather than an individual, seem to make the villagescape more compact and the size of Individual residence smaller than that of inland agricultural village. 5. The folk shrine('Dand') systems, in persrective of villagescape, represent innate environmental cognition of island inhabitants above all other cultural landscape elements in the island. Usually the kinds and the meanings of island's communal shrine and its allocative patternsin island villagescape are composed of set with binary opposition, for example 'Upper shrine(representing 'earth', 'mountain' or 'fire')' and 'Lower Shrine(representing 'sea', 'dragon' or 'water') are those. They are usually located at contrary positions in villagescape each other. That is, they are located at 'the virtical center or visual terminus(Upper shrine at hillside behind the village)' and 'the border or entrance(Lower Shrine at seashore in front of the village)'. Each of these shirines' divinity coincides with each subsystem of island's natural eco-system(earth sphere vs marine sphere) and they also contribute to ecological conservation, bonded with the 'Sacred Forest(usually with another function of windbreak)' or 'Sacred Natural Fountain' nearby them, which are representatives of island's natural resources.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2011

Asphalt concrete overlay method is used by general maintenance and rehabilitation of construction for aged concrete pavement in Korea. However, in case of the AC overlay method to extend service life of the existing concrete pavements, various distresses of reflection crack, pothole and rutting are the typical problems of the asphalt overlay on existing concrete pavement since it has different physical characteristics between asphalt overlay and existing concrete pavement. To achieve this, application of concrete overlay method is required instead of AC overlay method. Concrete overlay method has advantages that can reduce maintenance cycle and costs since it has excellent bearing value for heavy vehicles and no rutting. However, technical problems of detour road construction, traffic control and other disadvantages happened by long curing time. Thus, in this study and experimental research were launched to evaluate the workability, durability and resistance against environmental loading of Very Rapid Hardening Acrylic Polymer Modified Concrete(VRH-APMC) for application of bonded concrete overlay method. Test results showed that the compressive and bond strength were exceed 21MPa and 1.4MPa of target strength after four hours for rapid traffic opening properties. And tests of resistance against environmental loading results showed that VRH-APMC secured excellent durability. Thus, it was known that VRH-APMC was suitable material for large scale bonded concrete overlay method, and it was possible to use maintenance and rehabilitation method which needs enough workability and rapid traffic opening.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.703-711
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• 2018

Water distribution system (WDS) pipe bursts are caused from excessive pressure, pipe aging, and ground shift from temperature change and earthquake. Prompt detection of and response to the failure event help prevent large-scale service interruption and catastrophic sinkhole generation. To that end, this study proposes a improved Western Electric Company (WECO) method to improve the detection effectiveness and efficiency of the original WECO method. The original WECO method is an univariate Statistical Process Control (SPC) technique used for identifying any non-random patterns in system output data. The improved WECO method multiples a threshold modifier (w) to each threshold of WECO sub-rules in order to control the sensitivity of anomaly detection in a water distribution network of interest. The Austin network was used to demonstrated the proposed method in which normal random and abnormal pipe flow data were generated. The best w value was identified from a sensitivity analysis, and the impact of measurement frequency (dt = 5, 10, 15 min etc.) was also investigated. The proposed method was compared to the original WECO method with respect to detection probability, false alarm rate, and averaged detection time. Finally, this study provides a set of guidelines on the use of the WECO method for real-life WDS pipe burst detection.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2017

To protect plants from damage caused by Panonychus citri (McGregor), practical methods for the use banker plants have been developed to provide a habitat and augment natural enemies of several agricultural pests. The average population density of predatory mites on an Oxalis corniculata (creeping sorrel) sod culture was significantly higher (three times) than that on normal sod culture. Furthemore, the average population density of spider mites on creeping sorrel sod culture was significantly lower (3.7 times) than when weed control was practiced. Average consumption of the eggs and females of Tetranychina harti (Ewing) by Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) females was approximately 1.96 eggs and 1.93 females per day, respectively. Phytoseiulus persimilis AthiasHenriot females never consumed T. harti. However, total development time of T. harti from egg to adult on O. corniculata was 17.4 days, and hatchability and survival rate were 77.5% and 84.8%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-106
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• 1994

Owing to the use of many cultural facilities, the elevation of life standards and the high level progress of industry, visual impairment was on increasing trends. Especially due to studying for many hours, the myopia of adolescents became a serious social issue. The purpose of this study was to understand adolescent's wearing glasses and eyesight condition, whether the primary myopia factor and the subjective symptoms were different between the myopia group and the normal group, between the wearing glasses group and the non-wearing glasses group, and the effect on physical, mental and study activity of myopia. The subject of investigation was 627 middle school students in Seoul and the investigation was accomplished from July 7th, 1993 to July 12th, 1993. The data were analyzed by the percentage, x²-test, t-test and ANOVA of SPSS. The results were as followed; 1. The rate of the right and left eyesights higher than 0.8 in the normal group was 47.0%, and those less than 0.7 in the myopia group was 53.0%. In the boy students, the normal group was 54.1%, the myopia group was 45.9%. In the girl students, the normal group was 39.2%, the myopia group was 60.8%. Therefore the girl students' myopia rates were higher than the boy students', and this result was significant(p<0.01). 2. The rate of wearing glasses of the middle school students was 44.6%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was 56.8%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was higher than that of the boy students 43.2%. The rate of necessary glasses of the middle school students was 6.1% and the rate of necessary glasses of the boy students was 7.9%, the rate of necessary glasses of the girl students was 4.1%. 3. In case of a family member of the student wear glasses, the rate of wearing glasses was higher. 4. In the myopia group, the main reason for not wearing glasses was "Uncomfortable"(63.3% in the boy students, 40% in the girl students). In case of the girl students, "Nonpermission of their parents" was 18.7% and remarkably higher than 5.1% in case of the boy students. 5. The factor of myopia was that "The bad attitude of watching TV closely" was 19.9%, that "The dimly-lit room" was 6.6%. 6. In order to protect eyesight, the rate of the students who practiced "Looking at something from afar 3∼4times a day" was 37.3%, the rate of the students who did "Eye exercise" was 17.5%, the rate of the students who took "A medicine for promoting nutrition" was 12.9%. The rate of taking the medicine was higher than 3.5% in the normal eyesight group. 7. After near working, the point of subjective symptoms was higher in the myopia group than in the normal group and in the wearing glasses group than in the unwearing group and in the girl students than in the boy students. 8. The longer time to watch TV, the higher point of subjective symptoms. The longer distance to watch TV, the lower point of subjective symptoms(p<0.05).

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.128-148
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• 2019

Massive environmental monitoring has been conducted continuously since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power accident in March of 2011 by different monitoring methods that have different features together with migration studies of radiocesium in diverse environments. These results have clarified the characteristics of radiological environments and their temporal change around the Fukushima site. At three months after the accident, multiple radionuclides including radiostrontium and plutonium were detected in many locations; and it was confirmed that radiocesium was most important from the viewpoint of long-term exposure. Radiation levels around the Fukushima site have decreased greatly over time. The decreasing trend was found to change variously according to local conditions. The air dose rates in environments related to human living have decreased faster than expected from radioactive decay by a factor of 2-3 on average; those in pure forest have decreased more closely to physical decay. The main causes of air dose rate reduction were judged to be radioactive decay, movement of radiocesium in vertical and horizontal directions, and decontamination. Land-use categories and human activities have significantly affected the reduction tendency. Difference in the air dose rate reduction trends can be explained qualitatively according to the knowledge obtained in radiocesium migration studies; whereas, the quantitative explanation for individual sites is an important future challenge. The ecological half-lives of air dose rates have been evaluated by several researchers, and a short-term half-life within 1 year was commonly observed in the studies. An empirical model for predicting air dose rate distribution was developed based on statistical analysis of an extensive car-borne survey dataset, which enabled the prediction with confidence intervals. Different types of contamination maps were integrated to better quantify the spatial data. The obtained data were used for extended studies such as for identifying the main reactor that caused the contamination of arbitrary regions and developing standard procedures for environmental measurement and sampling. Annual external exposure doses for residents who intended to return to their homes were estimated as within a few millisieverts. Different forms of environmental data and knowledge have been provided for wide spectrum of people. Diverse aspects of lessons learned from the Fukushima accident, including practical ones, must be passed on to future generations.