• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 2007

Recently, people in cities of developed countries are exposed to unfortified damages of crime and disaster due to urbanization, industrialization and information-oriented era caused by congestion of population in terms of hardware and various social pathology phenomena and frequent and large scale of disaster caused by crime and disorder, which occur in the course of going through nuclear family, a gap between rich and poor and aging society in terms of software. In this regard, demand for security upon individual life and property has been increased but the police that are responsible for the public security does not effectively reduce damage in life and property because their activities are mainly oriented in coping with security accidents more than prevention. Shortage of manpower and budget, retarded equipment, and heavy overwork are the reasons. In order to confront with this kind of situation, we should utilize CCTV system with the purpose of declining possible chances of crime, not for eliminating cause of crime as crime prevention activities to predict danger in advance as a way of prevention and we may expect a role of damage prevention by installing CCTV in places where security accident may possibly happen. In conclusion, there are invasion of privacy, misuse of the system, insufficiency of overall monitoring office management, lack of citizens' understanding and economical allotment of the system installation costs in installation of CCTV system. However. it is necessary to install the CCTV system for effective prevention of crime and prevention activities of security accidents and accurate PR of purposes of installing CCTV to local residents, establishing relevant laws about system misuse, allotment of equipment costs and fees by R&D of the system machinery, cost reduction method of storage, management and replacement, saving costs from co-operative attitude of government, and local autonomous entities and local residents should be involved.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 1992

This study aims at finding a new home economics education with will include male students as its teaching objects, and then providing home economics teachers with useful materials. For this purpose I examined the curriculum of foreign home economics education and analized male and female secondary school students’and their recognition and demand to the home economics education. Investigated persons are male and female students of the first year of 3 sendary schools and their parents in Seoul, who are choosen by menas of random sampling. The items analysis of questionnaires was performed by means of random sampling. The items analysis of questionnaires was performed by means of SPSS. The results are marked with percentage and the significance level is verified by t and X(sup)2 analysis methods. The results obtained from the items analysis are as follows：1 According to the increasing number of female employees, the mechanization of household affaires, and so on, male students and male parents got to realize the necessity of home economics education and the importance of men and women’s cooperation to lead a family life. 2. It is shown that the goal of home economics deucation must be to form a right value point of the family life and family. This fact implies that many examinees regards the home economics education in the moral point of view. 3. In the necessity degree according to each field of the home economics education curriculum, moral and social aspects such as family relationship, home management & economics, human development and bringing up are regarded more important than household affairs and the related technical aspects. 4. In the difference between groups to the necessity degree according to each field of the home economics education curriculum, there are few differences between male and female parents, but there are many differences between male and female students. Male students regards the contents of the home economics education curriculum less necessary than female students. Especially in the field of clothing, residence, human development and bringing up, the difference between male and female students is obvious. 5. The necessity degree of the contents related to environmental pollution, saving of energy and resources, utilizing of computer, etc. is very high.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2011

Recently, the chance of dew condensation in apartment buildings is increasing because of several reasons. For example, ventilation rate has been decreased because of high-insulations and airtightness for saving energy. Besides, the humidity has been made by drying washes, cooking and bathing inside of apartment buildings. However, there is lack of resonable design criteria for preventing condensation in real life and real surroundings. Therefore, this study is aimed at making a resonable design criteria of preventing condensation by measuring the indoor temperature and humidity in real life. In addition to this, it is aimed at making a resonable outdoor condition and classifying regions by using weather data. The following are the results. The interior criterion for condensation was set up $25^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 55%. The outdoor criterion for condensation was set up $20^{\circ}C$, $-15^{\circ}C$, and $10^{\circ}C$ respectively for the hard frost, middle, and southern areas.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2010

WSN, or Wireless Sensor Network, consists of a multitude of inexpensive micro-sensors. Because the batteries in sensor nodes can not be replaced once they are deployed, the life of a WSN is absolutely determined by the batteries. So, energy efficiency of a network is a critical factor for long-life operation. LEACH protocol which divides WSN into two groups is a typical routing protocol based on the clustering scheme for the efficient use of limited energy. It is composed of round units which are separated into set-up and steady state. In this paper we propose a power saving scheme to minimize set-up phase itself and to involve a data comparison algorithm. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with original LEACH protocol. Simulation results validate our scheme has better performance in terms of the number of alive nodes as time evolves and average energy dissipated.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out awareness of the environment-friendly planning elements for residential unit space among practitioners. The respondents in this questionnaire survey were 140 practitioners in architecture and interior design field. The major findings of this study were as follows; most of the respondents were aware of the impact of indoor built environment on residents' wellness. In addition, the survey respondents viewed that the factors for planning environment-friendly high-rise apartments were represented by gardening and energy-saving while their perception on the concept excluded comprehensive components affecting residents' life quality. Over 50% of respondents had an experience of applying environment-friendly planning elements in their works, and high frequency appeared on the general planning elements which had been applied special awareness as pro-environmental features. The respondents considered environment-friendly planning elements as important. Specially, space planning and system were considered more likely important in interior design field. In application of environment-friendly planning elements, cost, lack of consumers' awareness of and underdevelopment of environment-friendly materials were of concern. Therefore, the consumer's cognition needs to be improved for wide application about environment-friendly planning element, and then consumers are willing to pay additional construction cost of environment-friendly apartments. At the same time, the current practice that housing developers pass the additional cost on to residents needs to be changed. Then, the quality of life in high-rise residential settings can be improved. More importantly, the exchange and development of the reliable information on environment-friendly planning elements need to be made, and technical support and long-term policy for the development are required. This research showed current status of knowledge and practice in sustainable planning of unit apartment and proved basic information for future direction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.26-36
• /
• 1998

This primary study was done to develop an ethical guideline for organ transplantation, a life-saving treatment which helps improve the quality of life. This study tried to identify the current situation in Korea, in terms of ethical considerations in organ transplantations. This study collected basic data in organ transplantations, in the hope that procedure of organ transplantations could be developed that would be fair to both organ donors and recipients. The immediate goals of this study were : 1)to identify staff in charge of organ transplantations and their jobs in the hospital, 2)to survey whether there exists a Hospital Ethics Committee(HEC), 3)to research what consideration are formally taken in selecting recipients, and 4)to accumulate data on how consent from donors are currently obtained. The study used a survey questionnaire and received responses from 31 hospitals out of 45 hospitals where organ transplantation are being done. Organ transplantation coordinators were found in 16 hospitals, but the job description varied among hospitals. The survey showed that all 16 hospitals with an HEC that health care personnel unnecessarily dominate the committee. The study notes that HECs should be vitalized by recruiting, as members, ethicists, theologians, patients, guardians, as well as the general public outside of the hospital. The study revealed that in selecting recipients the hospital take into account ABO blood type, histocompatibility, age, waiting time. and level of patient compliance. Finally, it was shown that in the cases of living donors the transplanting hospitals seek a formal consent, whereas there are no common consenting practice established for cadaveric donors. The study concludes with three proposals. First, a nationwide institution responsible exclusively for procurement and distribution of cadaveric organs for transplantation should be established. Second. we should rebuild the national health insurance system so that have costly organ transplantation expenses are substantially covered. Last, but certainly not least. there is a need to emphasize the HEC's committment to prepare a proper ethical guideline for organ transplantation in general.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.92-102
• /
• 2014

Recently, various methods such as energy reduction, Greenhouse gas and etc., has been suggested worldwide. Korea has a lot of deteriorated houses, thus there are many demands for the remodeling. However such studies are scarce. This study analyzed the types of deteriorated housing, also suggests technology list to remodeling through domestic, foreign practices and existing research. This study suggested combination of technology list for small house remodeling by energy simulation and Life Cycle Cost related to windows, insulation and doors. This study that can be applied to the technical performance and economy of the basic research would be the basis of the analysis technique.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.274-283
• /
• 2016

The study of maintenance planning is important in military weapon systems because it can improve their availability and reduce the operational and maintenance cost during the total life cycle. In maintenance planning, it is important to determine the preventive maintenance task and its optimal interval. This paper focuses on the hard time task, which is one of the preventive maintenance tasks. A hard time task removes an item or restorative action before some specified maximum age limit to prevent functional failure. The Monte-Carlo simulation model was proposed to help understand the cost effectiveness of a hard time task. In the simulation, various shape parameters of the Weibull distribution and cost ratio of corrective maintenance to preventive maintenance were assumed. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation, a quantified cost saving effect and optimal preventive maintenance interval were suggested.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.599-612
• /
• 2015

The development of renewable energy technologies that can replace fossil fuels is environmentally important; however, such technologies must be economically feasible. Economic analyses are important for assessing new projects such as geothermal heating-cooling systems, given their large initial costs. This study analyzed the economics and carbon dioxide emissions of: a SCW (standing column well), a vertical closed loop boiler, a gas boiler, and an oil boiler. Life cycle cost analysis showed that the SCW geothermal heating-cooling system had the highest economic feasibility, as it had the highest cost saving and also the lowest carbon dioxide emissions. Overall, it appears that geothermal systems can save money when applied to large-scale controlled agriculture complexes and reclaimed land.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.427-437
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Composite tissue allotransplantation is a new therapeutic modality to reconstruct major tissue defects of the head and neck region and extremities. However, there is a serious ethical debate about whether the risks posed by the life-long immunosuppression that a recipient would have to take justify the benefits of receiving this non-life saving procedure. The purpose of this study is to examine differences between expert and non-expert groups in risk acceptance and expectations regarding hand and foot allotransplantations. Methods: The author conducted a survey of 345 subjects in total (lay public n=110; medical students, n=120; doctors, n=115), using a questionnaire-based instrument, the Louisville Instrument for Transplantation (translated to Korean). Results: Of the three groups studied, risk acceptance was found to be lowest in the doctor group and highest in the non-expert group, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The expectations of aesthetic and functional improvement from the procedure, however, were found to be highest in the non-expert group and lowest in the doctor group, and the differences were also significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the three populations have noticeable differences in risk acceptance and expectations regarding hand and foot allotransplantations. Therefore, accurate and sufficient information on these procedures should be provided to patients from both medical and ethical perspectives.