• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2004

Useful genes can be Screened from various environments by construction of metagenomic DNA libraries. In this study, water samples were collected from several lakes in mid Korea, and analyzed by T-RFLP to examine diversities of the microbial communities. The crude DNAs r were extracted by the SDS-based freezing-thawing method, and then further purified using an $UltraClean^{TM}$ kit (MoBio, USA). The metagenomic libraries were constructed with the DNAs partially digested with EcoR I, BamH I, and Sac II in Escherichia coli DH 10B using the pBACe3.6 vector. About 44.0 Mb of metagenomic libraries were obtained with average inserts 13-15 kb in size. The bphC genes responsible for degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons via mets-cleavage were identified from the metagenomic libraries by colony hybridization using the bphC specific sequence as a probe. The 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2, 3-DHBP) dioxygenase gene (bphC ), capable of degradation of 2,3-DHBP, was cloned and its nucleotide Sequences analyzed. The genes consisted of 966 and 897 base pairs with an ATG initiation codon and a TGA termination codon. The activity of the 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase was highly expressed to 2,3-DHBP and Showed a broad substrate range to 2,3-DHBP, catechol, 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol. These results in-dicated that the bphC gene identified from the metagenomes derived from lake water might be useful in the development of a potent strain for degradation of aromatic pollutants.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2020

A chemical library comprising 2,354 drug-like compounds was screened using a transcription and replication-competent viruslike particle (trVLP) system implementing the whole Ebola virus (EBOV) life cycle. Dose-dependent inhibition of Ebola trVLP replication was induced by 15 hit compounds, which primarily target different types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Based on the chemical structure, the compounds were divided into three groups, diphenylmethane derivatives, promazine derivatives and chemicals with no conserved skeletons. The third group included sertindole, raloxifene, and ibutamoren showing prominent antiviral effects in cells. They downregulated the expression of viral proteins, including the VP40 matrix protein and the envelope glycoprotein. They also reduced the amount of EBOV-derived tetracistronic minigenome RNA incorporated into progeny trVLPs in the culture supernatant. Particularly, ibutamoren, which is a known agonist of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), showed the most promising antiviral activity with a 50% effective concentration of 0.2 μM, a 50% cytotoxic concentration of 42.4 μM, and a selectivity index of 222.8. Here, we suggest a strategy for development of anti-EBOV therapeutics by adopting GHSR agonists as hit compounds.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2010

Glucosinolates(GSLs) are major secondary products($\beta$-thioglucoside N-hydroxysulfates) containing sulfates that are found mainly in Cruciferae family such as cabbage, broccoli, radish, turnip, kale, mustard and rapeseed as the important crops in agronomic and economic aspects. Especially, isothiocyanates(ITCs) have been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis with regulation cancer cell development followed by regulating target enzymes, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis against various human cancer cell lines. Total desulfo(DS)-GSLs of nine type in 210 Korean leaf mustard accessions were isolated and confirmed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometric(ESI-MS/MS) method and DS-GSLs powerful library maked from several reference data. The isolated individual DS-GSLs were identified by removed $\beta$-D-glucopyranose residue ($C_6H_{11}O_5$, MW 163) from MS/MS data. Among them sinigrin(41.7%), glucoiberverin(21.7%) and gluconasturtiin(12.6%) were major components, Especially, despite gluconapin was minor component, accession K046197-1 and K046197-2 showed higher content of 4.11 and 3.31 mg/g(DW), respectively. The total GSLs contents in 210 accessions were ranged from 5.3 to 23.2 mg/g(DW) with a mean value of 13.0 mg/g(DW). As a result of principal component analysis(PCA), the individual GSLs loading plots were composed of three groups and components belonged to each group showed correlationship in quantitative pattern.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2001

The cDNA encoding ribosomal protein was identified from a cDNA library of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The nucleotide sequence of the 548 by cDNA clone reveals an open reading frame, which encodes a putative protein of 166 amino acids with a molecular mass of 18.3 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the S. pombe L11 protein is highly homologous with those of rat and fruit, while it is clearly less similar to those of prokaryotic counterparts. The 1,044 by upstream sequence, and the region encoding N-terminal 7 amino acids of the genomic DNA were fused into the promoterless $\beta$-galactosidase gene of the shuttle vector YEp357 in order to generate the fusion plasmid pHY L11. Synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid varied according to the growth curve. It decreased significantly in the growth-arrested yeast cells that were treated with aluminum chloride and mercuric chloride. However, it was enhanced by treatments with cadmium chloride ($2.5\;{\mu}M$), zinc chloride ($2.5\;{\mu}M$), and hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM). This indicates that the expression of the L,11 gene could be induced by oxidative stress.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.316-321
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• 2001

Dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) catalyzes the reduction of DHA to reduced ascorbate (AsA) using glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor in order to maintain an appropriate level of ascorbate in plant cells. To analyze the physiological role of DHAR in environmental stress adaptation, we developed transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) plants that express a human DHAR gene isolated from the human fetal liver cDNA library in the chloroplasts. We also investigated the DHAR activity, levels of ascorbate, and GSH. Two transgenic plants were successfully developed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. DHAR activity and AsA content in mature leaves of transgenic plants were approximately 1.41 and 1.95 times higher than in the non-transgenic (NT) plants, respectively In addition, the content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in transgenic plants was approximately 2.95 times higher than in the NT plants. The ratios of AsA to DHA and GSSG to GSH were changed by overexpression of DHAR, as expected, even though the total content of ascorbate and glutathione was not significantly changed. When tobacco leaf discs were subjected to methyl viologen at $5\;{\mu}M$, $T_0$ transgenic plants showed about a 50% reduction in membrane damage compared to the NT plants.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2002

Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.9) catalyzes the conversion of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. Although the metabolic role of this enzyme has not been fully defined, it has been reported that its deficiency is associated with mild mental retardation, seizures, hypotonia, cadiomyopathy, developmental delay, vomiting, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and malonic aciduria. Here, we isolated a cDNA clone for malonyl CoA decarboxylase from a rat brain cDNA library, expressed it in E. coli, and characterized its biochemical properties. The full-length cDNA contained a single open-reading frame that encoded 491 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 54, 762 Da. Its deduced amino acid sequence revealed a 65.6% identity to that from the goose uropigial gland. The sequence of the first 38 amino acids represents a putative mitochondrial targeting sequence, and the last 3 amino acid sequences (SKL) represent peroxisomal targeting ones. The expression of malonyl CoA decarboxylase was observed over a wide range of tissues as a single transcript of 2.0 kb in size. The recombinant protein that was expressed in E. coli was used to characterize the biochemical properties, which showed a typical Michaelis-Menten substrate saturation pattern. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ were calculated to be $68\;{\mu}M$ and $42.6\;{\mu}mol/min/mg$, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.667-674
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• 2011

The gene for esterase (rEst1) was isolated from a new species of genus Rheinheimera by functional screening of E. coli cells transformed with the pSMART/HaeIII genomic library. E. coli cells harboring the esterase gene insert could grow and produce clear halo zones on tributyrin agar. The rEst1 ORF consisted of 1,029 bp, corresponding to 342 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 37 kDa. The signal P program 3.0 revealed the presence of a signal peptide of 25 amino acids. Esterase activity, however, was associated with a homotrimeric form of molecular mass 95 kDa and not with the monomeric form. The deduced amino acid sequence showed only 54% sequence identity with the closest lipase from Cellvibrio japonicus strain Ueda 107. Conserved domain search and multiple sequence alignment revealed the presence of an esterase/ lipase conserved domain consisting of a GXSXG motif, HGGG motif (oxyanion hole) and HGF motif, typical of the class IV hormone sensitive lipase family. On the basis of the sequence comparison with known esterases/ lipases, REst1 represents a new esterase belonging to the class IV family. The purified enzyme worked optimally at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 8, utilized pNP esters of short chain lengths, and showed best catalytic activity with p-nitrophenyl butyrate ($C_4$), indicating that it was an esterase. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF and DEPC and showed moderate organotolerance.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.27-41
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• 2024

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for rotator cuff disorder. Methods We searched nine online databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Academic Journals, Korean studies Information Service System, Rsearch Information Sharing Service, ScienceON, KMbase, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) and two related journals up to April 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials that applied electroacupuncture to rotator cuff disorder. Selected studies were analyzed for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and a meta-analysis was performed with RevMan version 5.4.1. Results Out of 175 studies, eleven randomized controlled trials were selected for final analysis. Most studies showed that electroacupuncture had effect on rotator cuff disorder. In the meta-analysis, electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation treatment was significantly more effective than rehabilitation treatment alone in improving visual analog scale (p<0.00001). Almost studies did not report any side effects or adverse reactions to electroacupuncture treatment. Conclusions This systematic review suggests that electroacupuncture is an effective treatment for pain management in rotator cuff disorder. However, the lack of adverse effect reporting and a high risk of bias indicate the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials from various countries.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 2024

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations frequently co-occur with intra-articular glenohumeral pathologies. Few comprehensive studies have focused on labral tears specifically associated with AC joint trauma. This systematic review will address this gap. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar (pages 1-20) spanning from 1976 to May 19, 2023. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, consisting of three retrospective studies and four case series. These studies collectively involved 1,044 patients, of whom 282 had concomitant labral lesions. The pooled prevalence of intra-articular labral injuries associated with acute AC joint dislocation was 27%. The prevalence of these labral lesions varied significantly between studies, ranging from 13.9% to 84.0% of patients, depending on the study and the grade of AC joint dislocation. Various types of labral tears were reported, with superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions being the most common. The prevalence of SLAP lesions ranged from 7.2% to 77.4%, with higher grades of AC joint dislocations often associated with a higher prevalence of SLAP tears. Moreover, grade V dislocations exhibited a complete correlation with SLAP tears. The studies yielded contradictory findings regarding older age and higher grades of AC joint dislocation as risk factors for concurrent labral lesions. This review underscores the frequent association between labral lesions and AC joint dislocations, particularly in cases of lower-grade injuries. Notably, SLAP lesions emerged as the predominant type of labral tear.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.5 s.335
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an efficient symbol detection algorithm for space-frequency OFDM (SF-OFDM) transmit diversity scheme and present the implementation results of the SF-OFDM WLAN baseband processor with the proposed algorithm. When the number of sub-carriers in SF-OFDM scheme is small, the interference between adjacent sub-carriers may be generated. The proposed algorithm eliminates this interference in a parallel manner and obtains a considerable performance improvement over the conventional detection algorithm. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed detection algorithm is evaluated by the simulation. In the case of 2 transmit and 2 receive antennas, at $BER=10^{-4}$ the proposed algorithm obtains about 3 dB gain over the conventional detection algorithm. The packet error rate (PER), link throughput, and coverage performance of the SF-OFDM WLAN with the proposed detection algorithm are also estimated. For the target throughput at $80\%$ of the peak data rate, the SF-OFDM WLAN achieves the average SNR gain of about 5.95 dB and the average coverage gain of 3.98 meter. The SF-OFDM WLAN baseband processor with the proposed algorithm was designed in a hardware description language and synthesized to gate-level circuits using 0.18um 1.8V CMOS standard cell library. With the division-free architecture, the total logic gate count for the processor is 945K. The real-time operation is verified and evaluated using a FPGA test system.