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A Study on the Transient Operation Algorithm in Micro-grid based on CVCF Inverter (CVCF 인버터 기반의 Micro-grid에 있어서 과도상태 운용알고리즘에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hu-Dong;Choi, Sung-Sik;Nam, Yang-Hyun;Son, Joon-Ho;Rho, Dae-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.526-535
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    • 2018
  • Recently, in order to reduce the $CO_2$ emission in the island area, countermeasures to operate power system in a stable manner are being researched due to decrease of the operation rate in diesel generators and the increase of renewable energy sources. The phenomenon of energy sinking can be occurred if the output of renewable energy sources is larger than customer loads. Voltage of CVCF(constant voltage & constant frequency) battery could be increased rapidly according to the condition of SOC(state of charge) and blackout could be occurred due to shut-down of CVCF inverter, at carbon free island micro-grid based on the CVCF inverter. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a transient operation algorithm in CVCF based micro-grid which in advance prevents shut-down of CVCF inverter during the energy sinking. And also this paper proposes the modeling of micro-grid including CVCF inverter, PV system, customer load using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W. From the results of micro-grid modeling based on the proposed algorithm, it is confirmed that CVCF based micro-grid can properly prevent shut-down of CVCF inverter according to SOC and battery voltage of CVCF inverter when energy sinking is occurred.

A Survey on the Sensory Preference for Making Summer Kimchi by Nationwide Region (여름철 배추김치 담금시 지역별 관능적 선호도 조사)

  • Cha, Yong-Jun;Kim, Hun;Cho, Wo-Jin;Jung, Yeon-Jung;Lee, Young-Mi;Kim, Eun-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.393-399
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferred methods for making summer kimchi as a basic research of making commercial kimchi. Questionnaire were collected from 590 housewives nationwide in Korea, and the data were analyzed by SPSS program. The results were as follows: (1) The average salting time of Chinese cabbage was 3~5 hrs when the combined method of dry and brine salting was used, regardless of the region. (2) Seven jeotkals (salt-fermented fishes) including anchovy, anchovy juice, shrimp, northern sand lance juice, hair-tail viscera, flatfish and yellow corvenia were mainly used in kimchi. Among them, anchovy and anchovy juice jeotkals were preferred to all others in Southern area (Busan, Gwangju, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam), while shrimp jeotkal in Seoul, Gwangju, Jeonbuk, Chungnam and Jeju, and northern sand lance juice jeotkal in Daegu, Daejeon and Gyeonggi, respectively. In most regions, however, blending type of 2 jeotkals was used in kimchi. (3) Eleven ingredients such as red pepper, garlic, ginger, green onion, radish, leek, onion, carrot, sugar, sesame and MSG were used as basic components for making kimchi. In particular, MSG was used as a basic ingredient regardless of region and age. However, a standard taste for making kimchi was depended on housewife in this study.

The Impact of Perceived Economic Value and Personal Characteristics on Electric Vehicle Purchase Intention - For residents of Jeju as a special district for electric vehicles - (전기차에 대한 지각된 경제적 가치 및 개인적 특성이 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -전기차 특구지역인 제주지역 주민을 대상으로-)

  • Shim, Soo-Min;Kim, Hyang Mi;Son, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.163-174
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    • 2020
  • The market for electric vehicles is growing due to the public's interest in the environment and the expansion of electric vehicle support projects in terms of government policy. This study surveyed 2,332 people in Jeju, one of the nation's representative areas of electric vehicles, and the higher the perceived value in terms of the total cost of automobile ownership for electric vehicles, the higher the intention to purchase electric vehicles. The higher the level of knowledge and attachment, the higher the intention to purchase electric vehicles. While many previous studies considered economic value mainly as price, the study was conducted to approach economic value in terms of total cost of ownership. Marketing practitioners also look for practical contributions in that they can propose price framing so that customers can judge the economic value of the electric vehicle as a strategic way to increase the intention to purchase the electric vehicle, rather than just the purchase price. can see. In addition, the same research should be conducted in various regions besides Jeju, so that the research results can be generalized.

Development of Packaging Materials for MA Packaging(1) (MA포장용 기능성 포장 소재개발에 관한 연구(1))

  • Park, Hyung-Woo;Park, Moo-Hyun;Kim, Hoon;Lee, Jae-Young;Yang, Han-Chul
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 1996
  • Various treaments such heating, acid tenting, acid healing, alkaline treating, acid+alkaline renting were attempted to investigate their effects on molar ratio, chemical composition, DTA and specific surface area(SSA) of natural zeolite poder. Molar ratio, Si to AI. of natural zeolite was 4.78, which represented high silica type. Composition of natural zeolite showed that $SiO_2$ was 66.34% $Al_2O_3$ was 13.89%, $Fe_2O_2$ was 1.55% X-ray diffraction showed that main component of natural zeolite was mordenite and clinoptliolite. Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetry curve of natural zeolite was showed to peak of endothermic peak at $80^{\circ}C$ and it means to the peak of dehydrate reaction, but recristalization was not formed below at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Weight loss during calcination was 16% at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Thermal treatments on SSA of natural zolite powder decreased from $75.2m^2/g\;to\;2.1m^2/g$. In contrast chemical treatments on SSA showed to increase to $300.2m^2/g$(1 N HCl treating), $54.9m^2/g$(1 N NaOH) and $90.9m^2/g$(HCl+NaOH)tudy, it could be proposed to employ acid tret method as packaging materisls for MA packaging.

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Developing the Design Guideline of Auditory User Interface for Digital Appliances (가전제품의 청각 사용자 인터페이스(AUI) 디자인을 위한 가이드라인 개발 사례)

  • Lee, Ju-Hwan;Jeon, Myoung-Hoon;Han, Kwang-Hee
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.307-320
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    • 2007
  • In this study, we attempted to provide a distinctive cognitive, emotional 'Auditory User Interface (AUI) Design Guideline' according to home appliance groups and their functions. It is an effort to apply a new design method to practical affairs to overcome the limit of GUI centered appliance design and reflect user multimodal properties by presenting a guideline possible to generate auditory signals intuitively associable with the operational functions. The reason why this study is required is because of frequent instances given rise to annoyance as not systematic application of AUI, but arbitrary mapping. This study tried to provide a useful guideline of AUI in home appliances by extracting the relations with cognitive, emotional properties of a certain device or function induced by several properties of auditory signal and showing the empirical data on the basic mechanism of such relations.

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Stimulation of the Immune Response by Herbal Formulas for Wind-Cold and Heat Pain Symptom (대표적인 풍한열(風寒熱)에 의한 통증 치료 처방의 면역 활성화 비교 연구)

  • Jung, Da-Young;Ha, Hye-Kyung;Lee, Ho-Young;Lee, Jin-Ah;Lee, Jun-Kyoung;Huang, Dae-Sun;Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.616-623
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    • 2010
  • Three herbal formulas (Bangpungtongsung-san, Ohyaksungi-san, and Ojeok-san) for wind-cold and heat pain symptom were applied to investigate the immunological activities on antigen (Ag)-specific or Ag-non-specific immune responses in murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. This study was carried out in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and cellular proliferation in mouse splenocytes according to three herbal formulas. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitonially with OVA/aluminium ($100\;{\mu}g/200\;{\mu}g$/mouse) on day 1, 8, and 15. Three herbal formulas were administrated to mice orally for 3 weeks from day 1. On day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and antibodies (OVA-specific antibodies of the IgG, lgG1, and total IgM classes) in plasma were measured. Ohyaksungi-san increased NO synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells. Ojeok-san and Ohyaksungi-san significantly enhanced cellular proliferation by LPS and Con A in splenocytes from OVA-immunized mice (p<0.001). Three herbal formulas for wind-cold and heat pain symptom also significantly enhanced plasma OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and total IgM levels compared with the OVA/Alum group. These results suggested that three herbal formulas for wind-cold and heat pain symptom could be used as stimulator of immune response.

Delamination Limit of Aluminum Foil-Laminated Sheet During Stretch Forming (등이축인장 모드 변형시 알루미늄 포일 접착강판의 박리한계 예측)

  • Lee, Chan-Joo;Son, Young-Ki;Lee, Jung-Min;Lee, Seon-Bong;Byun, Sang-Deog;Kim, Byung-Min
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.413-420
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    • 2012
  • An aluminum foil-laminated sheet is a laminated steel sheet on which aluminum foil is adhesively bonded. It is usually used on the outer panel of home appliances to provide an aluminum feeling and appearance on the surface of the product. The delamination of aluminum foil is one of the main problems during the stretch forming process. The purpose of this study is was to determine the delamination limit of an aluminum foil-laminated sheet in the stretch forming process. The delamination was dependent on the bonding strength between aluminum foil and steel sheet. The fracture behavior of the interface between the aluminum foil and the steel sheet was described by a cohesive zone model. A finite element was conducted with the cohesive zone model to analyze the relationship between the delamination limit and the bonding strength of the interface. The interface bonding strength was evaluated by lap shear and T-peel test. The delamination limit of the aluminum foil-laminated sheet was determined by using the bonding strength of the steel sheet. The delamination limit was also verified by the Erichsen test.

Effect of Tuna Extracts on Production of Nitric Oxide and Inflammatory Cytokines (참치 추출물의 일산화질소 및 사이토카인 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kwang-Hyuk;Choi, Myoung Won;Choi, Hyang Mi;Lim, Sun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.385-390
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    • 2013
  • The effect of tuna extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), was investigated. All extracts and fractions from tuna significantly reduced NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The acetone+methylene chloride (A+M) extract, n-hexane and 85% aqueous methanol (MeOH) fractions had stronger inhibitory effects among them. The 85% aqueous MeOH fraction at a 10-${\mu}g$ concentration significantly decreased LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ productions at 6 h of incubation. In the case of LPS-induced IFN-${\gamma}$ production, the 85% aqueous MeOH fraction at a 3-${\mu}g$ concentration showed significantly higher levels at 48 h of incubation. These results show that the 85% aqueous MeOH fraction inhibited the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$), suggesting that this fraction acts as a potent immunomodulator.

Accumulation of Xanthosine-5'-monophosphate by Adenine-Guanine Double Auxotroph of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes (Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 의 아데닌-구아닌 복영양요구주에(複營養要求株)에 의한 5'-크산틸산(酸)의 축적(蓄積))

  • Kong, Un-Young;Woo, Hyung-Gu;Son, Choong-Hong;Bae, Jong-Chan;Yu, Ju-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 1981
  • An adenine-guanine doubless and $\beta$-alanine requiring mutant, D-1550-40, which had been derived from Brevibacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6872, produced a copious amount of xanthosine-5'-monophosphate (XMP). The optimum concentration of adenine and guanine for maximal accumulation of XMP was about 75 ml/l and 100 ml/l for growth. Concentrations higher than 100 mg/l of adenine and guanine inhibited cell growth and XMP accumulation strongly. The inhibition, however, could be recovered by adding $100{\mu}g$ of biotin per liter or 0.3% of casamino acids to the culture solution. High concentrations of phosphate and magnesium salts (1.0 to 1.5%(w/v) in media) were found to be indispensable for XMP accumulation, and the presence of manganese in the culture medium stimulated both growth of cells and accumulation of XMP leaving 5'-inosinic acid unaffected. The maximal accumulation of XMP reached to 60.5 mg/l after 4 days of fermentation which had been started with a medium containing 100 mg of adenine-guanine, 5 mg of $MnSO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ and $100{\mu}g$ of biotin per liter. The specific XMP synthesis(mg of XMP/mg of cells) was increased with the increase of the cell growth rate.

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Surface Modification of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Membranes using Surface Modifying Macromolecules (SMMs) and Their Application to Pervaporation Separation (SMMs을 이용한 고분자막의 표면개질과 이의 투과증발분리 연구)

  • Rhim, Ji-Won;Lee, Byung-Seong;Kim, Dae-Hoon;Lee, Bo-Sung;Yoon, Seok-Won;Im, Hyeon-Soo;Moon, Go-Young;Nam, Sang-Yong;Byun, Hong-Sik
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.206-213
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    • 2008
  • Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane surfaces were modified using surface modifying macromolecules (SMMs). The Zonyl BA-L as SMM was used and the various PVDF membranes containing 0 to 2 wt% SMM were prepared. The resulting membranes were characterized through SEM, contact angle measurements and pervaporation separation of water-ethanol system. SMM layers were created in the surface regions of PVDF membranes by SEM images and the contact angles were increased more than untreated PVDF membranes. The pervaporation was carried out at 50, 60 and $70^{\circ}C$, and the PVDF membranes containing 1 and 2 wt% SMM were used for 10, 20, 50 wt% water in the binary water/ethanol mixtures and pure water. PVDF/2 wt% Zrlnyl BA-L membrane showed the permeability 5.3 $g/m^2hr$ and separation factor 287 at $50^{\circ}C$ for water : ethanol = 10 : 50 solution.