• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to explore the influences of adolescents' smoking on the stress level according to gender. Methods: We used the data from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between the period of Jan. and Dec. 2008. The target population of this study is 805 adolescents in the 12~19 years old. Results: 22.0% of male adolescents and 11.8% of female adolescents were current smokers. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that stress level was associated with self-reported health status, drinking, and smoking among males. Among females, stress level was associated with BMI. Conclusion: The results of this study would help to develop smoking prevention programs and health promotion strategies for adolescents.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.658-669
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted for Pohang citizens who experienced Pohang earthquake damage. The purpose of this study is to examine how these post-traumatic stress level affect post-traumatic growth and to examine the mediating effects of stress coping on the causal relationship between post-traumatic stress level and post-traumatic growth. Method: The survey was conducted for the citizens who experienced Pohang earthquake, and the survey data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Result: Post traumatic stress level has been shown to affect post traumatic growth. In addition, as a result of examining the mediating effect of stress coping method on the relationship among these variables, the problem solving center and the social support method had a mediating effect, but the evasion method did not mediate. Conclusion: The post-traumatic stress level caused by disasters such as earthquakes was found to be able to overcome the obstacle and grow after trauma, as the coping method is problem solving and social support.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.111-126
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the stress of housewife received in the family life and psychological distress of housewife. For these purposes, this research conducted a survey by using questionaire developed by former researchers. The subjects of this study are 418 Centering on the housewifes living in Kwangju. The significant results are as follows. 1) General tendency of the stress level of housewife received in the family life is relatively low. 2) The household background variables(duration of marriage, level of education, husband's occupation, income, leisure actives, socio-economics status) have turned out to be significant on the stress level of housewife received in the family life and psychological distress of housewife. 3) There are positive corriations between housewife's stress received in the family life and psychological distress level of housewife. 4) In stepwise multiple regression analysis, the psychological distress of housewife was greatly influenced by variables such as the health problem.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between clinical stress, self-efficacy, and self-esteem of nursing college students. Method: The data were collected from 172 nursing students in J city. Result: The average scores were; clinical stress 3.56/5, self-efficacy 3.52/5, and self-esteem 3.10/4. Clinical stress level was significantly different according to the general characteristics of clinical tutors(t=2.04, p=.043) and degree of clinical satisfaction(F=6.44, p=.002). Self-efficacy level was significantly different according to the general characteristics of school grade(t=2.29, p=.023) and degree of nursing major satisfaction(F=5.00, p=.008). Self-esteem level was significantly different according to the general characteristics of degree of clinical satisfaction(F=6.56, p=.002) and degree of nursing major satisfaction(F=14.22, p=.000). Self-efficacy level and self-esteem level showed a statistically significant but low positive correlation(r=.171, p=.05). Conclusion: A strategy for development of clinical stress management program is needed for nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2012

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Mindfulness Meditation program on perceived stress, ways of coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This was a quasiexperimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants in this study were 50 patients who had completed breast cancer treatment (experimental group, 25, control group, 25). The experimental group received the Mindfulness Meditation program for 3 hours/session/ week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using $X^2$-test and t-test for subject homogeneity verification, and ANCOVA to examine the hypotheses. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower scores for perceived stress, emotional focused coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups for the scores on problem focused stress coping. Conclusion: According to the results, the Mindfulness Meditation program was useful for decreasing perceived stress, emotional focused coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response. Therefore, this program is an effective nursing intervention to decrease stress in patients with breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.607-616
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among social support (network, composition, and satisfaction), stress, and loneliness in migrant Yanbian Korean workers. Method: Data were collected by using Social Support Questionnaire 6, Visual Analogue Scale, and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Result: Results indicate that means for social support were 1.52 for network size and 4.83 for satisfaction. The proportion percentage of network for kin members was 67.37. Subjects felt the moderate level of stress and loneliness. The level of loneliness was negatively related to the level of social support. Conclusion: This study showed that there is necessity to reduce stress and loneliness among migrant Yanbian Korean workers. Adequate social support satisfaction is crucial to reduce the level of loneliness in migrant Yanbian Korean workers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.95-118
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand the leisure activities and the level of stress of pre-service preschool teachers. For this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 557 pre-service preschool teachers in Pusan, Daegu, Gangwon province. The contents of survey were their demographical characteristics, the leisure activities, the level of stress. Analysis was done with SPSS statistics program. The conclusion of this study are as follows: First, the most of pre-service preschool teachers didn't enjoy leisure activities. Second, they experienced much stress in Academic Achievement. Third, most leisure activities have no relations with the level of stress except pre-service preschool teachers' sleeping pattern and perception about wealth.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress level, coping behaviors and health problems of elementary school children and to compare the level of these three variables according to size of city of residence and to identify the relationship among the three variables. Method: Data were collected by questionnaire from 465 5th and 6th grade elementary school children living in Daegu and North Kyungsang Province. Data were collected between December 1 and 20, 2003 and analyzed using the SPSS program with means, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: The stress level was significantly higher in children who lived in the big city. The coping behavior score was not significantly different according to size of city, nor was there a difference in the health problems according to size of city. There was a positive correlation among stress level, coping behaviors and health problems. Conclusion: In general, the stress level was significantly different but coping behavior scores and health problem scores were not significantly different according to size of city. Also the elementary school children used more passive coping behavior than active coping behavior. Therefore, strategies to develop active coping behaviors for these children are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the stress level, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of Food and Nutrition major female students at a university located in Changwon. A total of 122 female students taking the course 'Meal Management' during 2001-2004 participated in this study. The general characteristics, stress level and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The nutrient intake data collected from 3-day food-record method were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The symptoms by stress showed that 'eye strain', 'physically exhausted or get tired' and 'pains on neck or shoulders' were high in 59.4-81.8%. The mean scores of stress in 2001-2004 were 8.5-12.0 out of 30 points and the subjects in 2002 and 2004 scored significantly higher on stress level than the subjects in 2001 did (p < 0.00. The mean scores of dietary attitudes were 58.7-66.6 out of 100 points, most of the subjects are belonged to the 'fair' group in terms of dietary habits level. The stress level had a negative correlation with dietary habits (p < 0.001). About 1/3 of the subjects, the intake of calcium, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin A and iron were less than 75% of Korean RDA, whereas more than half of the subject, protein, vitamin C and phosphorus intake were more than 125% of RDA, and intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1 : 2. The animal protein intake was higher than the plant protein, whereas the animal vitamin A and iron intake were lower than vegetable food source. In 2001-2004, the index of nutritional quality (INQ) of vitamin $B_2$ and niacin was 0.56-0.98, and in 2003, the INQs of vitamin $B_2$ was 0.56, and that of niacin was 0.67, which was extremely low when compared to that of the other nutrients. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary if female university students are to practice optimal nutrition, including well-balanced diets of high nutritional quality.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze factors influencing old people's stress and coping with it. The subjects of this study were 1186 people who lived in 6 cities. The data were collected from September, 2003 to March, 2003. The result of this study can be summarized as follow. 1. 14.3% of the respondents was in good health, while 30.6% of them was not in good health. 11.0% of them had good eyesight and 22.2% had a good sense of hearing. 12.0% of them had good teeth. 2. The level of coping with stress was 59.9 points on the basis 100 points. The level of coping with it actively was highest, while the level of coping with it passively was lowest. 3. Factors which influenced old people's stress were job health condition, leisure activity, smoking, hearing ability, and regular exercise. 4. Factors which affected coping with stress were gender, having meals regularly, smoking, job, vigor, preference of foods, and average pocket money per month. As shown in the above results, the level of old people's stress factors and coping with it were significantly low in the groups of low education level, having less pocket money, living alone, being in bad health, having weak eyesight, having bad sense of hearing, having bad teeth, low satisfaction level with leisure, and having no health behavior. Therefore, the method of decreasing stress factors and coping with it should be developed. The government and related organizations must make great efforts to improve old people's quality of life and increase healthy life expectancy.