• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2013

본 연구는 해상풍력발전을 위한 기초적인 연구로서 풍력타워에 가해지는 조파에 대한 타워의 거동을 해석하기 위한 장치를 구축하여 그 타당성연구를 하고자한다. 파고 발생이 수조 내부에서 적절히 만들어졌으며, 이를 고속카메라와 파고계를 이용하여 시간에 따른 인공적인 파고의 발생을 측정하였으며, 이때 조파기는 세 가지 주기에 따라 파고를 발생시켰다. 본 연구에서 최저 20mm에서 시작해서 최고 34mm까지의 파고를 만들어 낼 수 있는 조파수조를 설치하여 파고를 이용한 구조물과의 상관관계를 밝히는 데 큰 도움이 되었다. 고속카메라로 촬영한 가시화된 파고를 살펴보면 소파장치가 없을 때는 단순조화운동에 그쳤으나, 소파장치를 설치한 경우에는 진행파임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Malvae Semen herbal-acupuncture (MS-HA) at$KI_{10}$($Eumgok$) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats with nephritis induced by LPS, were treated with Malvae Semen herbal-acupuncture(MS-HA) injection at $KI_{10}$. Two control groups, N.P group and Saline group, were treated with 26 gauge needle at $KI_{10}$, 3 times a week. In Saline group, normal saline was injected at $KI_{10}$. To evaluate the effects of Malvae Semen Herbal-acupuncture at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, WBC, Neutrophils in blood, BUN, Creatinine, TNF-a, CINC-1 in serum, urinal volume, creatinine, total protein in urine and renal TNF-a, renal tissue were analyzed. Results : MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced WBC and neutrophil in blood, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum of LPS-stimulated rats. MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced total protein level in urine. MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ reduced accumulation of neutrophil in renal tissue of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : Taken together, MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for nephritis in clinical field.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4631-4637
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• 2012

Introduction: Tobacco use is a leading cause of deaths and disabilities in India, killing about 1.2 lakh people in 2010. About 29% of adults use tobacco on a daily basis and an additional 5% use it occasionally. In Odisha, non-smoking forms are more prevalent than smoking forms. The habit has very high opportunity cost as it reduces the capacity to seek better nutrition, medical care and education. In line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) is a powerful Indian national law on tobacco control. The Government of Odisha has shown its commitment towards enforcement and compliance of COTPA provisions. In order to gauge the perceptions and practices related to tobacco control efforts and level of enforcement of COTPA in the State, this cross-sectional study was carried out in seven selected districts. Materials and methods: A semi-structured interview schedule was developed, translated into Odiya and field-tested for data collection. It mainly contained questions related to knowledge on provisions of section 4-7 of COTPA 2003, perception about smoking, chewing tobacco and practices with respect to compliance of selected provisions of the Act. 1414 samples were interviewed. Results: The highest percentage of respondents was from the government departments. 73% of the illiterates consumed tobacco as compared to 34% post graduates. 52.1% of the respondents were aware of Indian tobacco control laws, while 80.8% had knowledge about the provision of the law prohibiting smoking in public places. However, 36.6% of the respondents reported that they had 'very often' seen tobacco products being sold 'to a minor', while 31.2% had seen tobacco products being sold 'by a minor'. In addition, 24.8% had 'very often' seen tobacco products being sold within a radius of 100 yards of educational institutions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2017

Background Carpal tunnel release is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by hand surgeons. The authors created a surgical simulation of open carpal tunnel release utilizing a mobile and rehearsal platform app. This study was performed in order to validate the simulator as an effective training platform for carpal tunnel release. Methods The simulator was evaluated using a number of metrics: construct validity (the ability to identify variability in skill levels), face validity (the perceived ability of the simulator to teach the intended material), content validity (that the simulator was an accurate representation of the intended operation), and acceptability validity (willingness of the desired user group to adopt this method of training). Novices and experts were recruited. Each group was tested, and all participants were assigned an objective score, which served as construct validation. A Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to gauge face, content, and acceptability validity. Results Twenty novices and 10 experts were recruited for this study. The objective performance scores from the expert group were significantly higher than those of the novice group, with surgeons scoring a median of 74% and medical students scoring a median of 45%. The questionnaire responses indicated face, content, and acceptability validation. Conclusions This mobile-based surgical simulation platform provides step-by-step instruction for a variety of surgical procedures. The findings of this study help to demonstrate its utility as a learning tool, as we confirmed construct, face, content, and acceptability validity for carpal tunnel release. This easy-to-use educational tool may help bring surgical education to a new- and highly mobile-level.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.306-312
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• 2018

To navigate in ice-covered waters, the ice-breaking process is required. The ice-breaking mode depends on material properties of sea ice and ice conditions. The ice-breaking mode is classified into ramming and continuous ice-breaking. The ramming is effective on large ice features, such as thick ice ridge and icebergs, and the continuous ice-breaking is on level ice. In general, the impact time duration of crushing or bending on ice sheets is from 0.2 to 1.0 second. However, impact duration in ramming will be increased. The Korean ice-breaking research vessel ARAON conducted her research voyage in the Antarctic sea during the winter of 2012. The IBRV ARAON measured strain in ramming and continuous ice-breaking. Strain gauge signals were recorded during the planned ice-breaking performance and the unplanned ice transits in heavy ice conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the ice load signals measured in ramming processes under the heavy ice condition. Based on the time history of the signals, a raising time, a half-decaying time and time duration were investigated and compared with the previous study which was suggested the five profiles of the ice load signals.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.743-750
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• 2015

Objectives: This study compared the mechanical efficacy of sonic activated and passive ultrasonic irrigation for removing intracanal medicament from a simulated root canal under controlled conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty simulated root canal in resin blocks were randomly divided into 3-groups. The canals were enlarged using ProTaper files and K3XF (#30/0.06). After cleaning and drying, canals were filled with Calcipex. Overfilled materials were wiped out and measured their weight to the unit of 1/10mg. After one week storage in 100% humidity $37^{\circ}C$ temperature, canals were irrigated using 20mL of saline with one of following methods according to the designated groups (n = 10). For group-NI, 30-gauge nickel-titanium irrigation needle was used. During irrigation with every 5mL, needle was moved in-and-out with 4-mm amplitudes. EndoActivator and ultrasonic tip were used for group-EA and group-UT respectively for 20 seconds after every 5mL irrigation using needle. Then the weight was measured again to calculate the weight of residual remnants. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc test at a significance level of 95%. Results: The weight of the residual medicaments were $3.62{\pm}0.81mg$, $2.84{\pm}0.28mg$, and $2.73{\pm}0.90mg$ for group-NI, -EA, and -UT, respectively. Group-EA and group-UT had no significant differences to remove intracanal medicament and left significantly less amount of paste than group-NI (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Under the controlled conditions of this study, the sonic activation and PUI have similar mechanical efficacy for removing intracanal medicament.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1375-1384
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to understand the change of runoff characteristics by estimated spatial rainfall. Therefore, this paper largely composed of two parts. First, we compared the simulated result according to estimation method, ID(Inverse Distance Method, ID2(Inverse Square Distance Method), and Kr(General Covariance Kriging Method), after letting miss rainfall data to the observed data. Second, we reviewed the runoff characteristics of the distributed runoff model according to the estimated spatial rainfall. On the basis of Yuseong water level station, we select the target basin as Gabchun watershed. We assumed 1 point or 2 point of the 6 rainfall gauge stations in watershed were missed. We applied the spatial rainfall distributed by Kr to Hy-GIS GRM, distributed runoff model. When 1 point rainfall data is missed, Kr is superior to others in point rainfall estimation and runoff estimation of Hy-GIS GRM. However, in case rainfall data of 2 points is missed, all of three methods did not give suitable result for them. In conclusion, Kr showed better applicability than other estimated methods if rainfall's data less than 2 points is missed.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2012

격자 기반의 물리적 분포형 모형은 유역의 물리적 매개변수와 격자 형식의 공간 및 수문자료를 이용해서 유출해석을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 격자 기반의 물리적 분포형 강우-유출 모형인 GRM(Grid based Rainfall-runoff Model)의 실시간 유출해석 모듈인 GRM RT(Real Time)를 이용해서 실시간 유출해석 시스템을 개발하였다. 실시간으로 수신되는 기상레이더 자료를 기상청의 실시간 AWS 자료를 이용하여 보정한 후 유출해석에 적용하며, 수위관측소 자료로부터 생성되는 유량자료를 이용해서 유출모형을 실시간 보정한다. 본 연구에서는 실시간 유출해석 시스템 구축을 위해서 필요한 데이터베이스를 설계 및 구현하였으며, 분포형 모형과 레이더 자료를 이용한 실시간 유출해석 절차를 정립하였다. 또한 개발된 시스템의 성능을 평가하고 실시간 모형보정에 대한 적용성을 평가하였다. 소양강댐 상류에 위치한 내린천 수위관측소 유역을 대상으로 실시간 유출해석 시스템을 적용하고 그 결과를 평가하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of five obturation methods in conjunction with sealer. Fifty extracted upper and lower anterior teeth were selected and the access cavities were prepared lingually with a round bur. The working length was determined with a #15K file, and the root canals were instrumented with a #40K file 1mm short of the apical foramen. The apical third of root canal was flared by step-back technique and the coronal two thirds of root canal using #2 - 3 Gates Glidden drills. And then, the teeth were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 teeth each. A thin coat of Tubliseal was placed into the canal into the canal using the # 35 reamer and the canals were filled by lateral condensation, vertical condensation, ultrasonic activated lateral condensation, ULTRAFIL injecting, and McSpadden compaction methods. All teeth were stored in 100 % relative humidity at 31c for 48 hours. The roots were suspended in 2 % methylene blue solution for 48 hours, left to dry for 24 hours and then, half side of root was removed longitudinally using the fissure bur. A Boley gauge wes used to measure the distance, to the nearest 0.1mm, from the apical foramen to the most coronal level of dye penetration. The measurement of dye penetration was statistically compared by Duncan's multiple range test The results were as follows 1. Ultrasonic group showed the best sealing ability among the all experimental groups, but there were statistically no significant difference in the sealing ability between ultrasonic group and vertical condensation group. 2. There were no statistically significant difference in the sealing ability among the lateral, vertical, and ultrasonic groups. 3. McSpadden group showed the worst sealing ability among the all exprimental groups.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

This study attempted to verify the possibility of using germ cell aspiration (GCA) method as a non-fatal technique in studying the life-history of equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis (Veneridae) and granular ark, Tegillarca granosa (Arcidae). Using twenty-six gauge 1/2" (12.7mm) needle, GCA was carried out in equilateral venus through external ligament. In granular ark, GCA was performed by preventing closure of the shells by inserting a tongue depressor between the shells while still open. The success rate of sex identification using the GCA method was 95.6% for the equilateral venus (n=650/680) and 94.3% for the granular ark (n=707/750). Mortality of equilateral venus, which spent 33 days under wild conditions, was 13.8% (n=90/650) while the mortality of granular ark, which spent 390 days under wild conditions, was 2.4% (n=17/707). Although we believe that GCA does not appear to cause death in equilateral venus or granular ark, the success rate in employing of this methodology may differ depending on the level of proficiency of the researcher and reproductive stage of the bivalve. This study concludes that GCA is a convenient non-fatal methodology, which can be employed to identify sex and investigate gonadal maturity in Gomphina veneriformis and Tegillarca granosa.