• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2020

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with approximately 528,000 new cases and 266,000 women dying of it per year in the world. MicroRNAs have recently been in the spotlight as potential biomarkers that regulate gene expression and are involved in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we evaluated miR-1260b as a potential biomarker for screening of cervical cancer by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We profiled the TCGA data of miR-1260b in 307 cervical cancer tissues. Then, miR-1260b expression levels in 10 cervical cancer tissues and 10 noncancerous tissues were investigated in a pilot study. miR-1260b was found to be significantly up-regulated in cervical cancer FFPE tissues as compared to those in cervical normal FFPE tissues (P = 0.006). The mean expression level of miR-1260b in late-stage (IIB-IVB) was higher than in those with early-stage (IA-IIA). Furthermore, high miR-1260b was found to be associated with high hTERT and Ki-67 mRNA expression, which are representative of tumor prognosis. The results of the pilot study suggest that miR-1260b may be used as a novel biomarker for improving the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, survival and regeneration. BDNF draws massive attention mainly due to the potential as a therapeutic target in neurological diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. In a primary screening for the natural compounds enhancing BDNF release from cultured rat primary cortical neuron, we found that compounds such as baicalein, tanshinone IIa, cinnamic acid, epiberberine, genistein and wogonin among many others increased BDNF release. All the compounds at $0.1{\mu}M$ of concentration barely showed stimulatory effect on BDNF induction, however, their combination (mixture 1; baicalein, tanshinone IIa and cinnamic acid, mixture 2; epiberberine, genistein and wogonin) showed synergistic increase in BDNF release as well as mRNA and protein expression. The level of BDNF expression was comparable to the maximum BDNF stimulation attainable by a positive control oroxylin A ($20{\mu}M$) without cell toxicity as determined by MTT analysis. Both mixtures synergistically increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an immediate and essential regulator of BDNF expression. Similar to these results, mixture of these compounds synergistically inhibited the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide treatments in rat primary astrocytes. These results suggest that the combinatorial treatment of natural compounds in lower concentration might be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient BDNF stimulation in neurological disease condition such as depression, while minimizing potential side effects and toxicity of higher concentration of a single compound.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1986

CAI 프로그램 개발에 Piaget의 인지 발달 이론과 학습자의 수업 조절(learner-control) 전략을 적용하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 미국의 North Carolina주에 있는 Greensboro Day School의 9학년과 10학년 학생 102명을 실험 대상으로 하여 인지 발달의 수준을 조사하고, 3그룹으로 나누어 그들에게 구체적 조작 수준의 CAI, 형식적 조작 수준의 CAI, 그리고 학습자가 수업의 수준을 선택 학습할 수 있는 CAI의 3가지 형태를 각각 학습시킨 후 학습의 효과성을 조사 비교하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사 학생들의 3.92%가 구체적 조작의 초기 수준(IIA)에, 37.25%가 구체적조작의 완전 수준(IIB)에, 47.06%가 형식적 조작의 초기 수준(IIIA)에, 그리고 11.76%가 형식적 조작의 완전 수준(IIIB)에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 구체적 조작 수준의 문항에 대하여, 형식적 조작 수준의 CAI를 실시 한 그룹은 학습자 수업 조절 CAI를 실시한 그룹보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=3.660, P=0.031). 3) 구체적 조작 수준의 문항에 대하여, 형식적 수준의 수업만 학습한 그룹은 구체적 수준과 형식적 수준의 수업을 신어서 학습한 그룹보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=3.257, P=0.044). 4) 성취도 검사의 전체 문항에 대하여, 구체적 수준의 수업만 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들은 구체적 수준과 형식적 수준의 수업을 섞어서 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=5,340, P=0.009). 5) 형식적 조작 수준의 문항에 대하여, 구체적 수준의 수업만 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들은 구체적 수준과 형식적 수준의 수업을 섞어서 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=3.511, P=0.044).

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2016

Purpose - Marketing scholars have developed various types of mathematical models for describing marketing phenomenon, because there is no single model comprehensive enough to incorporate all the relevant marketing phenomena. This study tries to summarize the behavioral foundations and the mathematical derivations of the most widely used marketing models and discusses their strategic implications. This study selected four representative marketing models: multinomial logit(MNL) model, elimination-by-aspects(EBA) model, Hauser and Shugan model and Bass diffusion model. Especially, this study focuses on Hauser and Shugan(1983)'s Defender model and discusses the model's behavioral foundation and its implications. Research design, data, and methodology - Of the four selected model, the multinomial logit model is selected as the basic normative model and the other three models are described as descriptive models in contrast. Starting the discussion from the multinomial logit model, this study explains what important strategic variables are incorporated in each of the four models. The IIA(independence of irrelevant alternatives) axiom and Luce choice model is also discussed in relation to the multinomial logit model. The concept of 'efficient frontier' is discussed in relation to Hauser and Shugan's model. Graphs and tables are used to represent the key implications. No empirical study is included. Results - The analyses of the mathematical marketing models are shown to be very useful in understanding the essence of positioning strategy. The multinomial logit model implies the importance of increasing utility or consumer preference level. The EBA model implies the importance of lowering the inter-brand similarity and dominating the competitors. Hauser and Shugan model implies the importance of considering customer heterogeneity distribution in selecting the target market. Conclusions - It is shown that the concepts of 'efficient frontier' is useful in understanding the effectiveness of positioning strategy. Market positioning can be understood as occupying some place on the efficient frontier. The important strategic implications can be summarized as follows: Always try to increase customer preference by providing what they value, and differentiate from competing alternatives as much as possible. The best positioning strategy is to dominate all the competitors and the worst is to be dominated by the competitors.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 1994

This is a retrospective analysis of 64 patients who was treated with postoperative radiation therapy after radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (53 patients) or total abdominal hysterectomy(11 patients) for uterine cervix cancer between May 1980 and September 1991 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Hospital. Most patients were FIGO IB (31 Patients) and IIA (25 patients), and median period of follow-up was 5.1 years. Of these patients,24 received adjuvant whole pelvis irradiation of 6000 cGy and 40 received 5000-5500 cGy whole pelvis irradiation and/or intracavitary radiation (7 Patients). The actuarial overall and relapse free 5 year survival rate were $71.0\%$, $68.3\%$ respectively. The survival rates by stage were $79.1\%$ in stage I, and $61.2\%$ in stage II. Treatment failure was noted in 18 of 64 patients ($28.1\%$), Iocoregional failure in 8 ($12.5\%$), distant metastasis in 8 ($12.5\%$), paraaortic node metastasis in 1 and one patient and concurrent locoregional and distant metastasis. The univariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting to overall survival rate represented lymph node status, the number and site of metastatic lymph node, parametrial invasion, the thichness of cervical wall invasion, and size of cancer mass. Histology, vessel invasion, endometrial extension, hemoglobin level. resection margin status, age, radiation dose were not significant prognostic factors. Complication relating to operation and postoperative radiation were variable according to radiation therapy method: 6000 cGy RT group 8/24($33.3\%$), 5000-5500 cGy+ICR 3/7 ($42.9\%$), 5000-5500 cGy external RT only group 3/33 ($9.1\%$). In conclusion, the results suggest that postoperative radiotherapy is necessary in high risk patients for locoregional control and improving survival rate, and higher dose does not improve results but only increases complication.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2006

A total of 367 isolates of Phytophthora infestans was collected from the leaf samples of late blight disease from five provinces in Korea over the three growing seasons of 2002-2004. Of the 367 isolates, 337 isolates were of the A1 mating type, and 30 isolates were of A2 mating type, showing that the majority was A1 mating type. Profiles of Gpi and Pep defined four allozyme genotypes among the total of 367 isolates. All four allozyme genotypes could be distinguished on the basis of Gpi profiles alone, whereas all isolates were homozygous at the Pep locus (100/100). The mitochondrial DNA haplotype of all isolates were the IIa haplotype. Amplification of the genomic DNAs extracted from eight isolates of each mating type by polymerase chain reaction with the selected primer (OPC-5 primer) produced a total of 20 DNA bands, of which 11 bands were polymorphic. According to the RAPD analysis using the OPC-5 primer, 106 isolates including two standard isolates were separated into 8 groups at the similarity level of 92.5%. The RAPD groups were not correlated with the allozyme genotypes and the isolated locations. All of the eight RAPD groups were identified in Gangwon-do, suggesting that Gangwon-do is the center of origin of the P. infestans in Korea. A 600-bp DNA band generated with the OPC-5 primer was specific to A1 mating type isolates, but not detected with A2 mating type, showing that the specific PCR primer can distinguish different mating types in P. infestans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1105-1109
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• 2012

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in India and the disease burden is increasing annually. The lack of awareness initiatives, structured screening, and affordable treatment facilities continue to result in poor survival. We present a breast cancer survival scenario, in urban population in India, where standardised care is distributed equitably and free of charge through an employees' healthcare scheme. We studied 99 patients who were treated at our hospital during the period 2005 to 2010 and our follow-up rates were 95.95%. Patients received evidence-based standardised care in line with the tertiary cancer centre in Mumbai. One-, three- and five-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Socio-demographic, reproductive and tumor factors, relevant to survival, were analysed. Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard method. Survival in this series was compared to that in registries across India and discrepancies were discussed. Patients mean age was 56 years, mean tumor size was 3.2 cms, 85% of the tumors belonged to T1 and T2 stages, and 45% of the patients belonged to the composite stages I and IIA. Overall 5-year survival was 74.9%. Patients who presented with large-sized tumors (HR 3.06; 95% CI 0.4-9.0), higher composite stage (HR 1.91; 0.55-6.58) and undergone mastectomy (HR 2.94; 0.63-13.62) had a higher risk of mortality than women who had higher levels of education (HR 0.25; 0.05-1.16), although none of these results reached the significant statistical level. We observed 25% better survival compared to other Indian populations. Our results are comparable to those from the European Union and North America, owing to early presentation, equitable access to standardised free healthcare and complete follow-up ensured under the scheme. This emphasises that equitable and affordable delivery of standardised healthcare can translate into early presentation and better survival in India.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

The kinetics of Ti-transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cell cultures was studied in 250-$m\ell$ shake flasks by using B5 medium with addition of 30 gfL of sucrose. In the cell cultures, the maximum cell mass obtained was 11.5 g DW/L on day 15. The highest amount of phenolic compounds - rosmarinic acid (RA) and lithospermic acid B (LAB) reached 871.3 mg/L (day 15) and 121.3 mg/L (day 13), respectively. The total tanshinone production, i.e., intracellular plus extracellular cryptotanshinone, tanshinone 1, and tanshinone IIA, was 5.3 mg/L on day 13. For the cultivations in 2.4-L stirred bioreactors, the residual sugar level and medium conductivity were a little higher in a small turbine impeller reactor ($T_s$) than those in a large turbine impeller reactor ($T_L$), while a higher cell density was obtained in the $T_L$. For the production of tanshinones and phenolics, better results were obtained in the $T_L$ than in the $T_s$. In the $T_L$, similar or even a little higher production titers of tanshinones and phenolic compounds were achieved compared to those in the flasks. The results suggest that the shake flask results could be successfully scaled up to the $T_L$ reactor. Such a large impeller reactor like $T_L$ may be better than a small impeller one for the large-scale production of the valuable metabolites by the suspension cultures of Ti transformed S.miltiorrhiza cells. This is considered due to the beneficial culture environment in the $T_L$, such as low shear rates as estimated theoretically.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.258-262
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• 1991

Rhizopus nigricans에 의한 progest$\xi$rone의 Iia-hydroxylation 반응은 포도당에 의하여 촉진되었으며 그 효과가 전자 수용체인 NADPH와 NaJD. 를 투입하였을 때의 효과와 유사한 것으로 부터 표도당은 이 반응에 필요한 보조요소의 생성에 기여하며 hydroxylation 반응을 촉진한다고 생각되었다 포도당의 소모량은 hydroxy lation 반응 속도가 빠을수록 크게 나타났으며 포도당의 농도가 증가함에 따라 반응 속도는 점차 증가하다가 균사체는 0.5 g/l 포자체는 20 g/l에서 거의 일정해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 polyacrylamide gel에 고정화한 균사체의 경우 배양 기간 동안 gel내에 축적되어 있는 포도당 만으로도 반응이 충분히 촉진되었다. a-Hydroxy progesterone의 Sa-reduction 반응은 p progesterone의 11a-hyroxylation 반응에 버하여 훨씬 더 높은 포도당 농도가 필요하므로 포노당의 농도를 낮게 유지시킴으로써 5a-reducrion 반응을 억제하여 11 a-hydroxyprogesterone의 수득융을 높힐 수 있음 갯으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on pro- and macro-glycogen utilization and resynthesis. The analyses were further extended for different muscle fibers (type I, type II, & type IIb) as well as tissues (i.e., liver & heart). Total one hundred sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: animals fed standard chow diet (n=40), animals fed saturated fatty acid diet (n=40), animals fed monounsaturated fatty acid (n=40), and animals fed polyunsaturated fatty acid (n=40). Animals in each groups were further divided into five subgroups: sacrificed at REST (n=8), sacrificed at immediately after 3 hr swim exercise (P-0HR, n=8), sacrificed at one hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-1HR, n=8), sacrificed at four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-4HR, n=8), and sacrificed at twenty-four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-24HR, n=8). Soleus (type I), red gastrocnemius (type IIa), white gastrocnemius (type IIb), liver, and heart were dissected out at appropriated time point from all animals, and were used for analyses of pro- & macro-glycogen concentrations. After 8 weeks of dietary interventions, there was no significant difference in body mass in any of dietary conditions (p>.05). After 3 hr swim exercise, blood lactate level was higher compared to resting conditions in all groups, but it was returned to resting value after 1 hr rest (p<.05). Free fatty acid concentration was higher in all high fat fed groups(regardless of fatty acid composition) than CHOW consumed group. At rest, pro- & macro-glycogen concentration was not different from any of experimental groups (p>.05). Regardless of forms of glycogen, the highest level was observed in liver (p<.01), and most cases of supercompensation after 3hr exercise observed in this study were occurred in CHOW fed tissues. Except heart muscle, all tissues used in this study showed that pro- and macro-glycogen concentration was significantly decreased after 3 hr exercise. Based on these results, two conclusions were made: first, there is no different level of glycogen content in various tissues regardless of types of fatty acids consumed and second, the highest mobilization rate would be demonstrated from CHOW fed animals compare to animals that consumed any kinds of fatty acid diet if prolonged exercise is applied.