• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2004

This nationwide survey was conducted to evaluate the current status of clinical practice for gastric cancer patients in Korea. The Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) sent questionnaires containing 45 items about the preoperative diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, and postoperative follow-up for gastric cancer patients to all 298 KGCA members in 108 institutes. Response rates were $32.6\%$ (97/298) for individuals and $59.3\%$ (64/108) for institutes. Most university hospitals responded (response rate of university hospitals: $71.6\%$, 48/67). The preoperative staging work up was performed primarily by abdominal CT, followed by bone scans, abdominal ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, and so on. Gastric cancer patients with stages II, III, and IV usually received adjuvant chemotherapy after a curative operation. About half of the surgeons regarded 2 cm as a safe resection margin in early gastric cancer and 5 cm in advanced gastric cancer. More than half of surgeons usually performed a D2 lymph node dissection in early gastric cancer and D2+$\alpha$ lymph node dissection in advanced gastric cancer. About $20\%$ of surgeons performed less invasive surgery and/or function-preserving surgery, such as a pylorus-preserving gastrectomy, a laparoscopic wedge resection, or a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2015

Interventional device closure has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgery in the management of paravalvular leakage. However, this procedure involves various problems such as a high probability of residual leakage or hemolysis. Here, we report a case of residual paravalvular leakage despite two attempts at interventional closure in a patient with a history of four previous mitral valve replacements. The fifth operation for the primary repair of paravalvular leakage was performed successfully. Careful evaluation before the procedure and specially designed devices are essential for the interventional treatment of paravalvular leakage. Surgery can be performed adequately in the management of paravalvular leakage even in high-risk patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2019

Following the first successful trial of surfactant replacement therapy for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by Fujiwara in 1980, several animal-derived natural surfactants and synthetic surfactants have been developed. Synthetic surfactants were designed to overcome limitations of natural surfactants such as cost, immune reactions, and infections elicited by animal proteins contained in natural surfactants. However, first-generation synthetic surfactants that are protein-free have failed to prove their superiority over natural surfactants because they lack surfactant protein (SP). Lucinactant, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing the SP-B analog, was better or at least as effective as the natural surfactant, suggesting that lucinactant could act an alternative to natural surfactants. Lucinactant was approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in March 2012 as the fifth surfactant to treat neonatal RDS. CHF5633, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing SP-B and SP-C analogs, was effective and safe in a human multicenter cohort study for preterm infants. Many comparative studies of natural surfactants used worldwide have reported different efficacies for different preparations. However, these differences are believed to due to site variations, not actual differences. The more important thing than the composition of the surfactant in improving outcome is the timing and mode of administration of the surfactant. Novel synthetic surfactants containing synthetic phospholipid incorporated with SP-B and SP-C analogs will potentially represent alternatives to natural surfactants in the future, while improvement of treatment modalities with less-invasive or noninvasive methods of surfactant administration will be the most important task to be resolved.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2023

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has recently been considered a safer alternative and less invasive approach than the traditional transoral approach because the complications associated with the latter are avoided or minimized. Here, we present two challenging cases of CVJ pathologies. The first case involved os odontoideum associated with anterior displacement of the occipitocervical junction where the EEA was used, followed by C0-C1-C2 fusion using a posterior approach to decompress the CVJ, and was complicated by rhinorrhea and Candida albicans meningitis. The second case involved basilar invagination with syringomyelia previously treated using a posterior approach, where aggravation of neuropathic symptoms required combined treatment with EEA and occipitocervical fusion of C0-C2-C3-C4, with the postoperative course challenged by operative site infection requiring drainage with debridement and antibiotic therapy. The EEA is an alternative approach for accessing the CVJ in well-selected patients. Knowledge of EEA complications is crucial for the optimal care of patients.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.134-150
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• 2023

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common kind of congenital heart disease and, if indicated, surgical closure has been accepted as a gold-standard treatment. However, as less-invasive methods are preferred, percutaneous device closure has been developed. After the first VSD closure was performed percutaneously by Lock in 1988, both techniques and devices have developed consistently. A perventricular approach for closure of muscular VSD in small patients and the closure of perimembranous VSD using off-label devices are key remarkable developments. Even though the Amplatzer membranous VSD occluder (Abbott) could not be approved for use due to the high complete atrioventricular conduction block rate, other new devices have shown good results for closure of perimembranous VSDs. However, the transcatheter technique is slightly complicated to perform, and concerns about conduction problems after VSD closure with devices remain. There have been a few reports demonstrating successful closure of subarterial-type VSDs with Amplatzer devices, but long-term issues involving aortic valve damage have not been explored yet. In conclusion, transcatheter VSD closure should be accepted as being as effective and safe as surgery but should only be performed by experienced persons and in specialized institutes because the procedure is complex and requires different techniques. To avoid serious complications, identifying appropriate patient candidates for device closure before the procedure is very important.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2024

The treatment of obesity and its comorbidities ranges from clinical management involving lifestyle changes and medications to bariatric and metabolic surgery. Various endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies recently emerged to address an important therapeutic gap by offering a less invasive alternative to surgery that is more effective than conservative therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the technical aspects, mechanism of action, outcomes, and future perspectives of one of the most promising endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies, named duodenojejunal bypass liner. The duodenojejunal bypass liner mimics the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by preventing food contact with the duodenum and proximal jejunum, thereby initiating a series of hormonal changes that lead to delayed gastric emptying and malabsorptive effects. These physiological changes result in significant weight loss and improved metabolic control, leading to better glycemic levels, preventing dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and mitigating cardiovascular risk. However, concern exists regarding the safety profile of this device due to the reported high rates of severe adverse events, particularly liver abscesses. Ongoing technical changes aiming to reduce adverse events are being evaluated in clinical trials and may provide more reliable data to support its routine use in clinical practice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2003

목 적 : 1,500 gm 미만의 극소 저출생 체중아에서 호흡부전시 인공 호흡기 치료에만 의존하던 과거와는 달리 신생아 집중치료의 획기적 발전과 의료환경의 개선으로 새로운 관점에서 인공 호흡기 치료의 시도가 요구되고 있다. 저자들은 1998년부터 기관내 삽관율과 인공 호흡기 치료기간, 합병증 등의 연도별 변화가 있는지를 조사하여 향후 인공 호흡기 치료 방향에 기초적 도움을 주고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 1998년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 본원 출생아로서 1,500 gm 미만의 극소 저출생 체중아이며 신생아 집중 치료실에서 입원 치료한 뒤 퇴원한 환아 274명을 대상으로 하였으며, 대상아는 병력지를 기초로 재태 연령과 출생 체중을 분석하였고, 인공 호흡기 치료군에서 분만 방법과 임상 특징, 원인 질환, 인공 호흡기 설정시 초기 조건, 사용 방법, 기간, 합병증 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 연도별 재태 주수에 따른 인공 호흡기 치료 빈도의 변화 : 27-29주 미숙아의 경우 최근 4년간 인공 호흡기 치료군은 큰 변화 없이 극소 저출생 체중아의 약 76.1%에 해당되었다. 30-33주 미숙아의 경우는 최근 4년간 인공 호흡기 치료 빈도가 감소하는 추세로 1998년, 1999년에 각각 61.9%, 52.9%에서 인공호흡기 의존도를 나타냈으나 2000년에는 48.6%였고, 2001년에는 37.5%에서만이 인공 호흡기의 의존도를 나타내었다. 또한 전체 환아에서 1998년은 69.7%에서 인공 호흡기 치료를 받았으나, 2001년은 42.5%로 감소하였다 2) 인공 호흡기 치료군에서 임상적 특징 : 평균 재태 연령, 출생 체중은 큰 변화가 없었으며, 4년간 모두 반 수 이상에서 남아이고, 분만 방식으로 제왕 절개술에 의한 분만이 60% 이상이었으며, 최근 증가하는 추세이다. 원인 질환으로 중등도 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군 단독인 경우가 60% 이상이었고, 신생아 호흡곤란 증후군과 동반된 가사 및 무호흡이 있었다 3) 인공 호흡기 치료군에서 동맥혈 가스 분석, 인공 호흡기 설정 및 호흡 지표의 변화 : $PaO_2$는 42.4-44.8 mmHg였고, 평균 기도압은 5.7-6.0 $cmH_2O$, 산소화 지수(OI)는 9.2-11.6이었으며, 인공 호흡기 치료 24-48시간 경과 후 시행한 동맥혈 가스 검사에서 $PaO_2$는 89.3-92.5 mmHg로 호전되었고, 평균 기도압은 4.4-4.7 $cmH_2O$로 낮아졌으며, 산소화 지수는 2.3-2.6 정도로 호전되었다. 4) 인공 호흡기 치료 평균 기간 : 인공 호흡기 치료 기간은 최근 4년간 뚜렷이 감소하는 추세로 7일 이상 장기간 인공 호흡기 치료를 받은 환아는 1998년에 23.9%에서 2001년에는 6.4%로 감소하였고, 4일에서 6일 동안 치료를 받은 경우는 1998년에 76.1%에서 2001년에 9.7%로 감소하였다. 또한 3일 이하의 단기간 치료를 받은 군은 1999년에 28.1%이던 것이 2001년에는 83.9%로 증가하였다. 연도별 평균 치료 기간도 1998년, 1999년에 각각 6.0일, 5.5일에서 2000년, 2001년에 3.6일, 2.7일로 감소하였다. 5) 인공 호흡기 사용 방법과 주요 합병증 : 1998년에는 HFV와 IMV에 의한 인공 호흡기 치료가 주였고, 2000부터 비강내 CPAP을 활성화 하였으며, 2001년에는 HFV와 IMV, 비강내 CPAP의 병용 사용이 35.4%로 늘어났다. 인공 호흡기 치료를 받은 환아들의 주요 합병증으로는 동맥관 개존이 가장 많았으며, 병기 3이상의 미숙아 망막증, grade III 이상의 뇌실내 출혈, 공기 누출 증후군, 만성 폐질환, 뇌실주위 백질연화증 순으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 1,500 gm 미만의 원내 출생한 극소 저출생 체중아의 경우 중증의 신생아 호흡곤란 증후군이 감소하는 추세에 있으며, 인공 호흡기 의존율과 치료 기간 역시 점차 낮아지는 경향이다. 따라서 비강내 CPAP의 조기 사용으로 기도 삽관을 통한 침습적인 인공 호흡기 치료관리 기회를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2011

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU), with an incidence ranging from 8% to 38%. Patients who acquire VAP have higher mortality rates and longer ICU and hospital stays. Because there are other potential causes of fever, leukocytosis, and pulmonary infiltrates, clinical diagnosis of VAP is overly sensitive. The only alternative approach to the clinical diagnosis of VAP is the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS). Employing quantitative cultures of respiratory secretions in the diagnosis of VAP leads to less antibiotic use and probably to lower mortality. With respect to microbiologic diagnosis, however, it is not clear that the use of invasive sampling using bronchoscopy is associated with better outcomes. Delayed administration of antibiotic therapy is associated with an increased mortality, and inadequate antibiotic therapy is also associated with higher mortality. Therefore, prompt initiation of adequate antibiotic therapy is a cornerstone of the treatment of VAP. The initial antibiotic therapy should be based on the most common organisms in each hospital and the most likely pathogens for that specific patient. When final cultures and susceptibilities are available, de-escalation to less broad spectrum antibiotics should be done. Since clinical improvement usually takes 2 to 3 days, clinical responses to the initial empirical therapy should be evaluated by day 3. A short course of antibiotic therapy appears to be equivalent to a traditional course of more than 14 days, except when treating non-fermenting gram-negative organisms. If patients receive initially adequate antibiotic therapy, efforts should be made to shorten the duration of therapy to as short as 7 days, provided that the etiologic pathogen is not a non-fermenting gram-negative organism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7843-7847
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• 2014

Background: Although breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in women, the majority of the studies describing the characteristics of BC in elderly patients have been limited to survival assessments or tumor features, without using younger BC patients as a reference group. The aim of our study was to describe and compare tumor characteristics and management patterns in elderly versus younger breast cancer patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 152 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery in our institution between 2002 and 2012. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to age at the time of diagnosis. Results: There were 62 patients in the elderly group (${\geq}65$ years) and 90 patients in the younger group (<65 years). Compared to the younger group, tumors in the elderly group were more likely to be larger (p=0.018), of lower grade (p=0.005), and hormone receptor-positive (p>0.001). There were no significant differences regarding histology, localization, lymph node involvement, or types of surgical procedures between the 2 groups. Comorbidities were more common in elderly patients (p<0.001). In addition, elderly patients were more likely to receive hormonal therapy (p<0.001) and less likely to receive radiotherapy (p=0.08) and chemotherapy (p=0.003). There was no difference in survival and locoregional recurrence rates between the groups. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that breast cancer in elderly patients has more favorable tumor features, warranting less aggressive treatment regimens after surgery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.727-732
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• 2005

The treatment of wounds of the lower extremity caused by diabetes or vascular dysfunction remains a difficult problem for the plastic surgeon. The use of negative pressure in wound healing is a relatively new method to facilitate chronic wound healing by secondary healing. The use of vacuum-assisted closure(VAC) system is purposed to reduce local edema, increase regional blood flow, enhance epithelial migration, preserve a moist wound environment, reduce bacterial colonization, promote granulation tissue formation, and mechanically enhance wound closure. The VAC also can be used as a dressing for anchoring an applied split thickness skin graft. We reviewed the data from 20 consecutive patients with non-healing wound in lower extremity at Dong-A University from March 2002 to December 2004. We used the VAC in 20 patients and compared the results with the control group. In the VAC using group, mean application duration was about 3 weeks and dressing change was done every other day. The follow-up period of patients ranged from 3 months to 30 months with a mean of 17 months. The points of comparison with control group are wound size, granulation tissue proliferation rate, operation method, preoperative time, postoperative healing time, complication, and cost. With those points, we propose to approve the efficiency of the VAC in non-healing wound. As a result, the VAC used in non-healing wound decrease wound size, accelerate granulation tissue formation, do a wound closure with less invasive operation method, make less postoperative complication, can make operation time shorter. Therefore it is cost effect. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of VAC as an adjunct in management of chronic wounds with other extrinsic factors.