• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

The confocal laser scanning microscopy and two-photon microscopy was implemented based on a single laser source and an objective lens. We imaged and compared the morphology of identical sites of ex vivo human skin using both microscopes. The back-scattering emission from the sample provided the contrast for the confocal microscopy. The intrinsic autofluorescence and the second harmonic generation were used as the luminescence source for the two-photon microscopy. The wavelength of the Ti:Sapphire laser was tuned at 710 nm, which corresponds to the excitation peak of NADH and FAD in skin tissue. The various cell layers in the epidermis and the papillary dermis were clearly distinguished by both imaging modalities. The two-photon microscopy more clearly visualized the intercellular region and the nucleus of the cell compared to the confocal microscopy. The fibrous structures in the dermis were more clearly resolved by the confocal microscopy. Numerous cells in papillary dermal layer, as deep as $100\;{\mu}m$, were observed in both CLSM and two-photon microscopy. While most previous studies focused on fibrous structure imaging (collagen and elastin fiber) in the dermis, we demonstrated that the combined imaging with the CLSM and two-photon microscopy can be applied for the non-invasive study of the population, distribution and metabolism of papillary dermal cells in skin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.415-417
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• 2002

Images of microcalcification specks showed large variation in conventional radiographs of phantoms which are approved for mammography image quality standard by the American College of Radiology (ACR). This kind of variation is not appropriate for image quality standards because the number of specks are visually counted in images and that number is important in image quality evaluation. Our study using synchrotron radiation (SR) imaging revealed the overlapping of micro-sized air bubble(s) to some specks, and also the structural deformation or crackings. Eight phantoms approved by ACR from two different makers and an air-bubble phantom were examined. SR imaging was performed at a synchrotron radiation facility, SPring-8, in Japan. The image-detector was a fluorescent-screen optical-lens coupling system using a CCD camera with a spatial resolution of 6 $\square$m. Objects when imaged with longer sample-to-detector distance show edge enhancement due to a difference in refraction indices, that is refraction enhancement. Refraction-enhanced SR images revealed that some of specks carried foreign objects, which were proven to be air. In phantoms provided by one maker, attaching/overlapping airs were observed for 62 out of 150 specks (41%) , with a higher incidence for the smallest specks. A speck becomes hardly visible in a conventional radiograph when air(s) overlaps the majority part of a speck, though depending on the size of the air-inclusion and on its configuration. Those airs might have been adsorbed on a speck surface before being embedded and then introduced into the matrix together with specks. Our study using SR imaging has clearly shown the nature of defects in some mammography phantoms which seriously degrade the quality as an image standard.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.35.1-35.6
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• 2020

Background: Miescher's cheilitis granulomatosa (MCG) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease and is known as the monosymptomatic clinical form of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). It is characterised by swelling of one or both lips and more frequently affects the upper lip. Histopathological findings show the presence of numerous inflammatory infiltrates and granuloma formations. Pharmacological treatments and surgery have provided results that are positive yet insufficiently stable in the long term. The clinical case described is of a 68-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of MCG of the upper lip. Case presentation: The patient was diagnosed and treated at the Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology outpatient clinic of Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. The patient was recommended localised treatments of photobiomodulation (PBM) using a diode laser with a 635 nm and 980 nm dual-wavelength (λ) approach, a 600-micron fibre, and a handpiece with a 1-cm-diameter lens at 300 mW. Three treatments a week were administered for four weeks for a total of 12 treatment sessions (T₁-T₁₂). After that, the patient had a long follow-up period of about 2 years. The therapeutic results were clear from the initial stages of treatment. There was an immediate, gradual, and consistent reduction in labial swelling. A reduction in the size of the lip by about 35% at T₁₀-T₁₂ was observed, returning the size and volume of the upper lip within the normal clinical range. The painful symptoms subsided after the seventh treatment (T₇). The histopathological check at 3 months and the follow-up in particular confirmed the disease was in remission with satisfactorily stable treatment results. Moreover, the patient did not use any other treatments on the area from the early laser treatments through to the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions: Our experience describes a clinical case of MCG treated with PBM and effectively resolved with a reduction of the lip swelling. The real success of the treatment emerged over time, showing that the tissue healing was stable. In absence of any collateral phenomena, this confirms the effective and documented therapeutic potential of PBM for chronic inflammatory infiltrates.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2014

Purpose: This study is for compared the change of corneal refractive power before and after wearing of rigid gas permeable contact lense with diagnostic method which is 1 D flatter than alignment fitting on right eye and alignment fitting on left eye for 2 months and investigate the preference. Methods: Twenty middle school and high school students (40 eyes) who had never worn a contact lense before for no corneal topographical change, no ocular disease, no experience of ophthalmic surgery and have normal tear amount were selected for this study and corneal refractive power were examined before wearing rigid gas permeable contact lense and adaptation status and corneal examination were performed after 10 days of wearing and after cheking up the continuation of wearing, all candidate wear contact lens 8 hours per day for 2 month and corneal refractive power were compared. Results: After 2 months of wearing with 1 D flatter than the alignment fitting on right eyes, there was significant difference in the central corneal refractive power was $43.84{\pm}1.33D$, flat K power was $43.05{\pm}1.29D$, and steep K power was $44.61{\pm}1.42D$ decreased than before wearing (p<0.001, 0.001, 0.047). The e-value of the principal meridians also shows statistically significant difference (p=0.037, 0.015). After 2 months of wearing with alignment fitting on left eyes, the central corneal refractive power was $44.40{\pm}1.26D$, flat K power was $43.57{\pm}1.23D$. and flat K e-value was $0.58{\pm}0.05$ which showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.769, 0.614, 0.181). But steep K power was $45.25{\pm}1.36$, and steep K e-value was $0.45{\pm}0.18$ which shows statistically significant difference (p=0.018, 0.027). Conclusions: Consider the comfort, clear vision, dryness for preference fitting investment, 6 students (30%) prefer right eye which is 1 D flatter fitting, 14 students (70%) prefer left eye which is alignment fitting. For rigid gas permeable fitting needed for accurate examination and should prescribe the alignment fitting which is suitable for each cornea.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1173-1180
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• 2018

Purpose: We evaluated the postoperative accuracy of intraocular lens power prediction for patients undergoing phacotrabeculectomy and identified preoperative factors associated with refractive outcome in those with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 27 patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy to treat POAG. We recorded all discrepancies between predicted and actual postoperative refractions. We compared the data to those of an age- and sex-matched control group that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery during the same time period. Preoperative factors associated with the mean absolute error (MAE) were identified via multivariate regression analyses. Results: The mean refractive error of the 27 eyes that underwent phacotrabeculectomy was comparable to that of the 27 eyes treated via phacoemulsification (+0.02 vs. -0.01 D, p = 0.802). The phacotrabeculectomy group exhibited a significantly higher MAE (0.65 vs. 0.35 D, p = 0.035) and more postoperative astigmatism (-1.07 vs. -0.66 D, p = 0.020) than the phacoemulsification group. The preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the changes in the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) were significantly associated with a greater MAE after phacotrabeculectomy. Conclusions: POAG treatment via combined phacoemulsification/trabeculectomy was associated with greater error in terms of final refraction prediction, and more postoperative astigmatism. As both a shallow preoperative ACD and a greater postoperative change in IOP appear to increase the predictive error, these two factors should be considered when planning phacotrabeculectomy.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.1313-1316
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• 2017

Purpose: To report fundus photography using a smartphone in an infant with abusive head trauma. Case summary: An 8-month-old male infant presented to the emergency room with decreased consciousness and epileptic seizures that the parents attributed to a fall from a chair. He had no external wounds or fractures to the skull or elsewhere. However, computerized tomography of the brain revealed an acute subdural hematoma in the right cranial convexity and diffuse cerebral edema, leading to a midline shift to the left and effacement of the right lateral ventricle and basal cistern. The attending neurosurgeon promptly administered a decompressive craniectomy. Immediately after the emergency surgery, a fundus examination revealed numerous multi-layered retinal hemorrhages in the posterior pole extending to the periphery in each eye. He also had white retinal ridges with cherry hemorrhages in both eyes. We acquired retinal photographs using the native camera of a smartphone in video mode. The photographer held the smartphone with one hand, facing the patient's eye at 15-20 cm, and held a 20 diopter condensing lens at 5 cm from the eye in the other hand. Our documentation using a smartphone led to a diagnosis of abusive head trauma and to obtain the criminal's confession, because the findings were specific for repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces to an infant's eye with a strong vitreoretinal attachment. Conclusions: This ophthalmic finding had a key role in the diagnosis of abusive head trauma. This case presented the diagnostic use of a smartphone for fundus photography in this important medicolegal case.