• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2006

Adjusting pressure level in the construction of athletes' tight-fitting garments by reducing the elastic knit pattern is a challenging subject, which influences the performance of the wearer directly. Therefore, in this study, relationship between the reduction rates of the basic pattern obtained from 3D human scan data and resultant clothing pressure was explored to improve the fit and pressure exerted by clothing. 3D scan data were obtained using Cyberware and they were transformed into a flat pattern using software based on Runge-Kutta method. Reduction rate was examined by subjective wear test as well as objective pressure measurement. As a result, difference in the length between the original 3D body scan data and the 2D tight-fitting pattern was 0.02$\sim$0.50cm (0.05$\sim$1.06%), which was within the range of tolerable limits in making clothes. Among the five garments, the 3T-pattern was superior in terms of subjective sensation and fit. The pressure of the 3T pattern was 2$\sim$4 gf/cm2 at five locations on the body, which is almost the same or a bit higher than that of Z-pattern. In the case of tight-fitting overall garment, the reduction rate of the pattern in the wale direction is more critical to the subjective sensation than the course direction. It is recommended that the reduction grading rules of course direction should be larger than that of Ziegert for a better fit of tight-fitting garments. In the case of wale direction, however, reduction grading rule should be kept the same as suggested earlier by Ziegert (1988).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1624-1628
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• 2008

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of yellow-seeded rapeseed meal (YRSM). In the first experiment nutrient retention was recorded by 48 Arbor Acres-broiler chickens (28-d old) to determine AMEn (nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy), coefficient of apparent protein digestibility based on ileal digesta nitrogen, excreta nitrogen and uric acid nitrogen. The second experiment was carried out with 304 Arbor Acres-broiler chickens to compare effects of SBM (soybean meal) and YRSM on performance, carcass and digestive tract status. In the control treatment, SBM was replaced by graded levels of YRSM at 15, 22.5 and 30% of diet. Digestibility of YRSM protein was significantly lower (p<0.001) than SBM protein. The protein digestibility based on ileal measurement was significantly higher (p<0.001) than protein digestibility from excreta samples. There was no significant difference (p>0.001) between ileal and excreta digestibility of protein based on uric acid. AMEn as a fraction of gross energy was 0.54 in SBM and 0.45 in YRSM. With the exception of 30% YRSM, other YRSM treatments resulted in major effects on length and weight of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of this study have shown no adverse effect on performance as well as protein digestibility and energy value in response to replacement of SBM by YRSM with the exception of 22.5 and 30% YRSM.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2011

Objective: To determine whether there is any difference between the cleft and non-cleft sides of the mandible in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients, or the right and left sides in control patients; and to determine if there is any difference between the mandibular asymmetry of UCLP patients and that of control patients. Methods: We examined cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 15 patients with UCLP and 15 age- and gender-matched control patients. We evaluated 8 linear, 3 surface, and 3 volumetric measurements and compared the cleft/non-cleft sides of UCLP patients and the right/left sides of controls. Results: There were no statistically significant gender differences in any linear, surface, or volumetric measurement. The single significant side-to-side difference in UCLP patients was a longer coronoid unit on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side ($p$ = 0.046). Body volume was significantly lower in the UCLP group than in the control group ($p$ = 0.008). Conclusions: In general, UCLP patients have symmetrical mandibles, although the coronoid unit length is significantly longer on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side. UCLP patients and controls differed only in body volume.

• 치과방사선
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.361-368
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• 1994

Radiographic planning is needed for implant placement in order to determine implant length, jaw bone volume, anatomical stucture and so on. Radiographic examination includes conventional radiography, conventional tomography and CT scan. The most accurate mesurement can be obtained from CT scan. For the cross-sectional view of mandible, CT scan reconstruction is generally needed. But the cross-sectional view of mandible can be reformed by personal computer. This study was performed to examine the clinical usefulness of reformed image using personal computer in comparison with CT scan reconstructed image. CT axial slices of 4 mandibles of 4 volunteers were used. Digital imaging system was composed of Macintosh Ⅱ ci computer, high resolution Sony XC-77 CCD camera, Quick Capture frame grabber board and 'NIH Image' program. Seven reconstructed cross-sectional images within CT machine(CT group) were obtained. And seven reformed cross-sectional images(PC group) after digitization of CT axial slices into the personal computer were obtained. PC group was compared with CT group in the objective and subjective aspects. The results were as follow: 1. Measurement of mandibular height & width in both group showed insignificant difference(P>0.05). 2. Subjective assessment of the mandibular canal in both group showed insignificant difference(P>0.05). 3. Image reformation using personal computer could provide panoramic view, which could not be obtained in CT scan reconstruction.

• 치과방사선
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.337-345
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• 1994

Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint is a useful method of demonstrating the soft tissue abnormalities related to disc dysfunction. In this study, 19 asymptomatic joints, 31 joints with anterior disc displacement with reduction, 31 joints with anterior disc displacement without reduction which were classified by arthrotomography under fluoroscopy were evaluated to determine the linear measurement of anterior recess of inferior joint space and the relationship between the condylar anterior translation and the severity of the internal derangements. Their fluoroscopic images were also evaluated to describe the characteristics of condylar paths in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joints. The results were as follows; 1. The mean lengths of the anterior recess in asymptomaic group. reduction group. and non-reduction group were 8.7±1.6㎜. 11.2±1.7㎜, 12.8±1.7㎜ respectively. The length of the anterior recess was increased according to the severity of the internal derangements(P<0.05). 2. Linear measurements of anterior movement of condyle on maximum mouth opening were 13.1 ±4.2㎜, 15.9±4.1㎜, 5.0±3.7㎜ in asymptomatic group. reduction group, and non-reduction group respectively. Compared with asymptomatic group, reduction group showed hypermobolity of the condyle and non-reduction group showed hypomobility. 3. Condyles moved beyond the crest of articular eminence in 80% of reduction group and did not reach it in 70% of non-reduction group. 4. The condyle moved mainly superiorly in reduction group(66%) and horizontally in asymptomatic group(47%). There were no cases to move superiorly in non-reduction group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2008

Objective : Our purpose of this study is to compare insertion angles and screw lengths from Roy-Camille, Magerl, and our designed method for cervical lateral mass screw fixation in the Korean population by quantitative measurement of reformatted two dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) images. Methods : We selected thirty Korean patients who were evaluated with thin section CT scans and reconstruction program to obtain reformatted 2D-CT images of the transversal plane passing the cranio-caudal angle using three different techniques. We measured the minimum angle to avoid vertebral artery (VA) injury, the ideal angle and depth for bicortical screwing of cervical lateral mass. Morphometric measurements of the lateral masses from C3-C7 were also taken. Results : In all three techniques, the mean safety angles from the VA were less than 8 degrees and the necessary depth of the screw was about 14 mm for safety to the VA and for the bicortical purchase. In our designed technique, the mean $\beta$ angles of each level from C3 to C7 were 29.0. 29.8. 29.5. 26.3. and 23.9 degrees, respectively. Conclusion : Results of this study and data from the literature indicate that differences may exist between the Korean and Western people in the length and angle for ideal lateral mass screw fixation. In addition, our technique needs further cadaveric and clinical study for safety and efficacy for being performed as alternative method for cervical lateral mass fixation.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2010

KSTAR ICRF 시스템에서 안테나 전류띠 간 커플링에 의한 전류띠의 전압, 전류 분포 변화와 전류띠 간 전력 전달에 의한 공명현상 그리고 전송선상의 이상 전압 분포 등을 예측하거나 분석하는 것은 그것의 안정적이고 신뢰성 있는 운전을 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 전류띠 간 커플링에 의한 현상들을 이해하기 위해 ICRF 안테나에서 측정한 S-parameter를 커플링이 고려된 8포트 전송선회로 모델에 적용하여 전류띠의 전송선 회로 모델을 완성하였다. 완성된 전송선 회로모델의 자체유도계수, 상호유도계수, 전기용량성 등은 전류띠의 유한한 길이로 인하여 2D 모델의 값보다 작은 것으로 나타났다. 커플링이 고려된 전류띠의 전송선 회로모델은 공명루프와 결합되어 있는 KSTAR ICRF 시스템의 운전에 활용될 것이다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.289.1-289.1
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• 2014

In this study, we made a organic thin film device in MIS(Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor) structure by using PVP (Poly vinyl phenol) as a insulating layer, and CdSe/ZnS nano particles which have a core/shell structure inside. We dissolved PVP and PMF in PGMEA, organic solvent, then formed a thin film through a spin coating. After that, it was cross-linked by annealing for 1 hour in a vacuum oven at $185^{\circ}C$. We operated FTIR measurement to check this, and discovered the amount of absorption reduced in the wave-length region near 3400 cm-1, so could observe decrease of -OH. Boonton7200 was used to measure a C-V relationship to confirm a properties of the nano particles, and as a result, the width of the memory window increased when device including nano particles. Additionally, we used HP4145B in order to make sure the electrical characteristics of the organic thin film device and analyzed a conduction mechanism of the device by measuring I-V relationship. When the voltage was low, FNT occurred chiefly, but as the voltage increased, Schottky Emission occurred mainly. We synthesized CdSe/ZnS and to confirm this, took a picture of Si substrate including nano particles with SEM. Spherical quantum dots were properly made. Due to this study, we realized there is high possibility of application of next generation memory device using organic thin film device and nano particles, and we expect more researches about this issue would be done.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2020

AZO thin films are grown on a p-Si(111) substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. The characteristics of various thicknesses and heat treatment conditions are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Hall effect and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The substrate temperature and the RF power during growth are kept constant at 400 ℃ and 200 W, respectively. AZO films are grown with a preferred orientation along the c-axis. As the thickness and the heat treatment temperature increases, the length of the c-axis decreases as Al³⁺ ions of relatively small ion radius are substituted for Zn²⁺ ions. At room temperature, the PL spectrum is separated into an NBE emission peak around 3.2 eV and a violet regions peak around 2.95 eV with increasing thickness, and the PL emission peak of 300 nm is red-shifted with increasing annealing temperature. In the XPS measurement, the peak intensity of Al_2p and O_ll increases with increasing annealing temperature. The AZO thin film of 100 nm thickness shows values of 6.5 × 10¹⁹ cm^-3 of carrier concentration, 8.4 cm^-2/V·s of mobility and 1.2 × 10^-2 Ω·cm electrical resistivity. As the thickness of the thin film increases, the carrier concentration and the mobility increase, resulting in the decrease of resistivity. With the carrier concentration, mobility decreases when the heat treatment temperature increases more than 500 ℃.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2002

난연성분인 트리클로로벤조산(TBA)의 함량을 10, 20, 30 wt%로 변화시키면서 아디프산, 1,4-부탄디올 및 트리메틸올프로판과 축중합을 하여 트리클로로 락톤 변성폴리에스테르(TAPTs)를 합성한 후에, TAPT류와 이소시아네이트인 Desmodur IL을 블렌드하여 2성분계 폴리우레탄 난연 도료를 제조하였다. 제조된 난연도료의 도막물성을 측정한 결과, 결코 비난연도료보다 물성이 떨어지지 않음을 알았다. 또한 난연도료의 3종류 난연성 시험결과, 수직법에서 TBA 함량 20 wt% 이상에서 불꽃에 타지 않았고, LOI 연소성 시험에서 TBA 함량 20, 30 wt%시 25%와 27%의 LOI값을 나타내었으며, $45^{\circ}$ Meckel burner법에서는 탄화길이가 3.6-5.2 cm로서 난연 1급에 해당되었으므로 이를 미루어 난연효과가 좋은 난연도료임을 알 수 있었다.