• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2005

This paper proposes an automatic liver segmentation method using improved partial histogram threshold (PHT) algorithms. This method removes neighboring abdominal organs regardless of random pixel variation of contrast enhanced CT images. Adaptive multi-modal threshold is first performed to extract a region of interest (ROI). A left PHT (LPHT) algorithm is processed to remove the pancreas, spleen, and left kidney. Then a right PHT (RPHT) algorithm is performed for eliminating the right kidney from the ROI. Finally, binary morphological filtering is processed for removing of unnecessary objects and smoothing of the ROI boundary. Ten CT slices of six patients (60 slices) were selected to evaluate the proposed method. As evaluation measures, an average normalized area and area error rate were used. From the experimental results, the proposed automatic liver segmentation method has strong similarity performance as the MSM by medical Doctor.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.431-434
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• 2023

Severe blunt injuries to isolated solid abdominal viscera have been previously managed nonoperatively; however, management algorithms for simultaneous visceral injuries are less well defined. We report a polytrauma case of a 33-year-old man involved in a motorbike collision who presented with left-sided chest and abdominal pain. Initial imaging demonstrated multiple solid organ injuries with American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade V splenic injury and complete devascularization of the left kidney. The patient underwent urgent angioembolic coiling of the distal splenic artery with successful nonoperative management of simultaneous grade V solid organ injuries.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.127-131
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• 1975

By employing the vinylite-and neoprene latex-corrosion technique, ramification and arrangement of A. renalis were observed in fifty Korean native goats (100 kidneys). The obtained results were as follows: 1. A single renal artery, arising on each side from abdominal aorta, bifurcated into Ramus dorsalis and Ramus ventralis from which 3~6 segmental arteries originated. 2. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the kidney were divided separately into 3~6 arterial segments by the running of the segmental artery into the parenchyma. Of them four segments were mostly frequent (in 77% of right kidney and 83% of left). 3. In 25 of all the kidneys, either dorsal or ventral surface of a kidney was supplied from interlobar or segmental arteries belong to the opposite Ramus. 4. In 3 goats, A. polaris superior was observed. 5. Generally, distribution of the renal artery of Korean native goat resembled that of the dog.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.138-138
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• 2002

A 10-day old male calf exhibited multiple congenital anomalies of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, including renal fusion (horseshoe kidney), ureteral fusion, rectovesicular fistula, and atresia ani. The single kidney was fused at the caudal poles. The left kidney and cranial half of right kidney were shrunken, while the remaining lobules were hypertrophic. Ureters were fused cranially and bifurcated caudally. The terminal rectum was narrowed and connected with the bladder. The anus was imperforate. The cause of these anomalies could not be determined. This is the first report of this constellation of congenital anomalies in a calf.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1983

The distribution of renal artery of fifty Korean native cattles (100 kidneys) was observed. Vinylite solution was injected into renal artery of ninety specimens for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in 10 specimens by injecting thirty percent of barium sulfate solution into renal arteries, and then radiographed on a soft X-ray apparatus (Shimadzu Waltes 60). 1. A. renalis arose from the each side of abdominal aorta in the Korean native cattles. 2. The renal arteries were bifurcated into Ramus cranialis and caudalis (91%), and Ramus cranialis, medius and caudalis(9%) which were ramified 1-4 segmental arteries, respectively. 3. The segmental arteries were originated from R. cranialis and R. caudalis (87%), R. medius (9%) and A. renalis (4%). 4. The kidney were divided separately into 5-7 arterial segments by running of the segmental artery into the parenchyma. Among them six segments were mostly frequent(53%). 5. The Arcus arteriosus renalis was observed at 44% of the left kidney and 14% of the right kidney.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.17.1-17.4
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• 2021

A seven-year-old, castrated male, Korean domestic shorthair cat was referred because of a kidney abnormality. Radiography revealed left renal agenesis and right kidney enlargement. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) showed amorphous calcified materials in a cyst-like lesion of the right kidney. In the excretory phase of the CT images, the lesion was opacified with contrast materials, indicating communication with the collecting system. Based on these findings, the cat was diagnosed with a calyceal diverticulum. A calyceal diverticulum may cause various clinical symptoms related to the urinary system. The excretory phase of CT is useful for diagnosing a calyceal diverticulum.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.169-177
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• 2023

BACKGROUND: Acute worsening of cardiac function frequently leads to kidney dysfunction. This study aimed to identify clinical and imaging parameters associated with impaired kidney function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS: Data from 131 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction, < 40%) were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at admission (those with preserved kidney function [GFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²] and those with reduced kidney function [GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²]). Various echocardiographic parameters and perirenal fat thicknesses were assessed by computed tomography. RESULTS: There were 71 patients with preserved kidney function and 60 patients with reduced kidney function. Increased age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.12; p = 0.005), increased log N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.14-2.66; p = 0.010), and increased perirenal fat thickness (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10-1.29; p < 0.001) were independently associated with reduced kidney function, even after adjusting for variable clinical and echocardiographic parameters. The optimal average perirenal fat thickness cut-off value of > 12 mm had a sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 83% for kidney dysfunction prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Thick perirenal fat was independently associated with impaired kidney function in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HFrEF. Measurement of perirenal fat thickness may be a promising imaging marker for the detection of HFrEF patients who are more susceptible to kidney dysfunction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 1993

Ultrasonography observations were made of the kidneys of 21 dogs. Ultrasonography images obtained in transverse and longitudinal planes. A 3.5-MHz linear transducer was used. All examinations were peformed on dogs in dorsal recumbency under anesthesia. The right kidney was 3.2~3.8cm long, 1.7~3.5 cm wide and 1.0～1.9cm deep in 0～5 of body weight group, 3.6~4.6cm long, 2.4～3.6cm wide and 1.4～2.1cm deep in 5～10 of body weight group, and 4.6～6.4cm long, 3.3～4.2cm wide and 2.0~2.0cm deep in 10～15kg of body weight group(p< 0.01). Diameter of the parenchyma of the right kidney ranged between 0.4～0.9cm in 0～5kg group, 0.6～1.0cm in 5～l0kg group and 0.9-1.1cm in 10~15kg group(p<0.01). Diameter of the renal sinus of the right kidney ranged between 0.3～0.5cm in 0～5kg group, 0.4～0.7cm in 5～10kg group and 0.5～0.9cm in 10~ 15kg group(p< 0.01). Similar ultrasonic measurements were obtained for the left kidney. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic findings described in this study can be used as references for diagnosis of morphologic changes in e canine kidney.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.29-41
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• 2005

Objectives : Although previous anatomic, physiological and biophysics studies have examined the acupuncture meridian system, much remains unclear and controversial. This study was undertaken to examine electrical potential aspects of the meridian system. Electric potential was measured at the well and sea acupoints on the twelve acupuncture meridians (AM), on forty patients half with loin lesions, and pain of loin and lower extremities(LL) and half with shoulder lesions, and aching of shoulder and arm(SA). The object was to determine to what extent electric potential is an important risk factor between LL and SA. Methods : At the left and the right side with each of twenty LL and twenty SA patients, physiograph was used to measure electric potentials of AM ten sessions. T-test was used to compare the mean of electric potential between the two different pain groups and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of the 24 electric potentials measured. Results and Conclusions : In the LL, the only electric potential that was statistically significantly greater than SA was the bladder meridian on the left side. On the contrary, electric potentials in SA, which includes the large intestine, pericardium, triple burner, spleen, stomach, kidney and gallbladder meridians, were statistically larger than those of LL at the same side. On the right side, the five kinds of electric potentials(lung, large intestine, small intestine, pericardium and gallbladder meridian) of LL were statistically larger than those of SA. On the triple burner, stomach and kidney meridians electric potentials of SA were larger than those in LL. After adjusting for 24 electric potentials, pain risk factors, and different illness categories, multiple stepwise selection logistic regression modeling, resulted in the final selection of a total of 13 statistically significant electric potentials. These were 7 electric potentials at left side - small intestine, triple burner, spleen, stomach, bladder, liver and gallbladder meridian, and 6 at rght side - lung, large intestine, heart, pericardium, kidney and bladder meridian.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2023

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) in end-stage renal disease patients and its change after kidney transplantation (KT). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent KT between 2007 and 2018 at two tertiary centers. We analyzed 488 patients (median age, 53 years; 58% male) who had obtained echocardiography both before and within 3 years after KT. Conventional echocardiography and LV GLS assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography were comprehensively analyzed. Patients were classified into three groups according to the absolute value of pre-KT LV GLS (|LV GLS|). We compared longitudinal changes of cardiac structure and function according to pre-KT |LV GLS|. RESULTS: Correlation between pre-KT LV EF and |LV GLS| were statistically significant, but the constant was not high (r = 0.292, p < 0.001). |LV GLS| was widely distributed at corresponding LV EF, especially when the LV EF was > 50%. Patients with severely impaired pre-KT |LV GLS| had significantly larger LV dimension, LV mass index, left atrial volume index, and E/e' and lower LV EF, compared to mildly and moderately reduced pre-KT |LV GLS|. After KT, the LV EF, LV mass index, and |LV GLS| were significantly improved in three groups. Patients with severely impaired pre-KT |LV GLS| showed the most prominent improvement of LV EF and |LV GLS| after KT, compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in LV structure and function after KT were observed in patients throughout the full spectrum of pre-KT |LV GLS|.