• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

Ethanolic extracts of different parts of 10 local traditional vegetables (ulam) (Amaranthus gangeticus, Jussiaea linifolia, Eugenia polyantha, Trapa incisa, Trichosanthes anquina, Mangifera indica, Pachyrrhirus erosus, Barringtonia mcarostachya, Carica papaya, and Coleus tuberosus) were screened for in vitro antitumor promoting activity using the inhibition test of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation in Raji cells induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and sodium-n-butyrate. All the extracts were found to have strong inhibition activity toward EBV-activation, except for leaf extract of T. anquina. The extracts were non-cytotoxic to the Raji cells except for the extracts of A. gangeticus (leaves), B. macrostachya (leaves), E. polyantha (young leaves), and J. linifolia (leaves) where the viability of the cells were decreased significantly.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.377-380
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• 2009

Growing patterns of pediculocidal drug resistance towards head louse laid the foundation for research in exploring novel anti-lice agents from medicinal plants. In the present study, various extracts of Pongamia pinnata leaves were tested against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. A filter paper diffusion method was conducted for determining the potential pediculocidal and ovicidal activity of chloroform, petroleum ether, methanol, and water extracts of P. pinnata leaves. The findings revealed that petroleum ether extracts possess excellent anti-lice activity with values ranging between 50.3% and 100% where as chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate pediculocidal effects. The chloroform and methanol extracts were also successful in inhibiting nymph emergence and the petroleum ether extract was the most effective with a complete inhibition of emergence. Water extract was devoid of both pediculocidal and ovicidal activities. All the results were well comparable with benzoyl benzoate (25% w/v). These results showed the prospect of using P. pinnata leave extracts against P. humanus capitis in difficult situations of emergence of resistance to synthetic anti-lice agents.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2003

Pinosylvin, a stilbenoid phytoalexin, is a health ingredient to be extracted from pine leaves. In this study, ultrasonication-assisted extraction process for manufacturing extracts with high content of pinosylvin from pine leaves was investigated. As process and system variables, ultrasonic power, sonication time and solvent ratio were selected. According to the experimental results, the effective yield of pinosylvin increased with the increase of ultrasonic power and sonication time and the decrease of solvent ratio. When the ultrasonic power of 2400 W/L was added to the solution of pulverized pine leaves of 8 g per 1 L of a solvent for 10 minutes, yield of extracts and purity, effective yield and concentration ratio of pinosylvin were 0.3166 g/g, 0.7247 mg/g, 0.2294 mg/g and 23.0, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2008

건조 무청을 물, 50% 에탄올 및 50% 메탄올로 추출한 물질의 생리활성 효과를 조사하였다. 건조 무청의 추출물 수율은 브랜칭하지 않은 건조 무청인 관동 무청(DRLK)은 $26.56{\sim}32.56%$이고, 미농단백 무청(DRLM)은 $34.34{\sim}36.90%$였다. 반면에 브랜칭한 무청군 수율은 $18.70{\sim}23.56%$로 브랜칭하지 않은 시료보다 수율이 낮았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량의 경우 브랜칭한 무청 시료는 $49.06{\sim}59.37mg/g$ 범위였고, 브랜칭을 하지 않은 시료는 $53.41{\sim}62.08mg/g$이었다. 시료에 따라서는 관동 무청시료(DRLK, BDRLK)보다 미농단백무 시료(DRLM, BDRLM)가 약간 더 높은 폴리페놀 함량을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 브랜칭하지 않은 시료는 80% 이상의 활성을 보였고, 아질산염 소거작용은 $36.63{\sim}51.17%$ 범위의 활성을 보였으며, SOD 유사활성은 $38.53{\sim}45.38%$의범위의 활성을 보인 반면 브랜칭한 시료는 각각의 생리활성 측정에서 브랜칭하지 않은 시료보다 낮은 활성을 보였다. 전반적으로 관동 무청군이 미농단백 무청군보다 전자공여능, 아질산 소거능 및 SOD 유사활성에 있어서 약간 높은 활성을 보였고, 브랜칭하지 않은 무청이 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.708-714
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• 1999

Fermentation of legume fodder tree leaves by rumen microorganisms was evaluated. The substrates were sun-dried, ground leaves. Gas and volatile fatty acid (VFAs) production were estimated. Using gas production as an index of fermentation at 12 h, the leaves tested ranked as follows; Chamaecytisus palmensis>Gliricidia sepium>Sebania sesban>Tephrosia bracteolate>Leucaena pallida>Vernonia amygdalina>Acacia sieberiana>Sesbania goetzei>Acacia angustissima. Using VFA production, the ranking was a follows; G. sepium>S. sesban>S. goetzei>L. pallida>C. palmensis/V. amygdalina>T. bracteolate> A. sieberiana>A. angustissima. Absolute gas or VFA production rates, were also used to rank the leaves. Extracts (70% acetone) of A. angustissima inhibited the growth of Ruminococcus albus 8, R. flavefaciens FD-1, Prevotella ruminicola D3ID and Streptococcus bovis JBI while the trowth of Selenomonas ruminantium D was depressed when 0.6 ml exracts were added. C. palmensis water extracts enhanced cellulose hydrolysis by R. flavefaciens FD-1. All extracts reduced celluloysis by R. albus 8. R. flavefaciens FD-1 hydrolyzed more (p<0.001) cellulose than R. albus 8.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2001

46종 식물의 에탄올 추출물을 대상으로 기주식물상의 주요 식물병 6종에 대하여 방제효과를 온실실험으로 조사하였다. 46종의 시험식물 추출물을 pot당 5, 10 mg씩 처리하였을 때 해바라기꽃과 옥수수잎 추출물이 벼도열병에 80% 이상의 방제효과를 나타내었다. 5 mg의 농도에서 해바라기 잎과 꽃, 쑥갓 호박씨, 토마토 옥수수와 옥수수익의 추출물이 잿빛곰팡이병에 80% 이상의 방제효과를 나타내었고, 밀녹병에 대해서는 피망, 호박씨, 해바라기씨, 토마토 및 아욱의 추출물이 80% 이상의 방제효과를 나타내었다. 보리흰가루병에 대해서는 오이, 해바라기씨, 감자 및 옥수수와 잎의 추출물이 10 mg의 농도에서 80% 이상의 방제효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 토마토역병과 벼잎집무늬마름병에 대해서는 모든 시료가 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 살균치 carbendazim, diethofencarb, procymidone 저항성 균주에 대해서는 해바라기잎과 꽃의 추출물이 모든 균주에 높은 방제효과를 나타내었고, 쑥갓과 해바라기씨의 추출물은 SSR(carbendazim 감수성, diethofencarb 감수성, procymidone 저항성 균주) 및 RSR(carbendazim 저항성, diethofencarb 감수성, procymidone 저항성 균주)에 90% 이상의 방제효과를, 옥수수와 잎은 SSR(carbendazim 감수성, diethofencarb 감수성, procymidone 저항성 균주)에 강한 방제효과를 보였다. 그러나 RROS(carbendazim 저항성, diethofencarb 저항성, procymidone 감수성 균주)에 대해서는 사용된 시료 중 토마토 추출물만이 방제효과를 보였다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

본 연구는 이팝나무 잎과 열매, 꽃 추출물에서 항산화 활성을 통한 기능성 식품에 대해 탐색하고자 하였다. 이팝나무 꽃 추출물에서 phenolics 함량은 물과 90% ethanol 추출물에서 각각 20.8, 32.2 mg/g을 나타내었다. 이팝나무 잎, 열매, 꽃을 $100{\mu}g/mL$로 농도를 조절하여 DPPH free radical 소거 활성을 측정한 결과, 물과 ethanol 추출물 모두 70% 이상의 높은 소거 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS radical decolorization는 $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도에서도 모두 약 80% 이상의 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. Antioxidant protection factor는 $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도에서 이팝나무 잎의 물과 ethanol 추출물은 각각 2.27, 1.70 PF로 가장 높게 측정되었다. TBARs를 측정한 결과, 이팝나무 잎, 열매, 꽃 추출물의 $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도에서 물과 ethanol 추출물 모두 70% 이상의 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 이팝나무 잎 추출물의 항산화활성은 TBARs를 제외한 모든 실험에서 대조구로 사용한 BHT보다 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 이팝나무 잎, 열매, 꽃 추출물은 수용성, 지용성 물질에 대한 높은 항산화능을 나타내었고, 이 결과로 이팝나무 잎과 열매, 꽃 추출물은 항산화 효과와 기능성 식품 소재로서 활용 가능성을 기대할 수 있었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2006

Basic rheological data of dandelion leaf concentrates were determined to predict processing aptitude and usefulness of dandelion leaf concentrates as functional food materials. Hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dandelion leaves were concentrated at 5, 20, and 50 Brix, and their static and dynamic viscosities, and Arrhenius plots were investigated. Most concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol showed flow behaviors close to Newtonian fluid based on power law model evaluation. Apparent viscosity of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol decreased with increasing temperature. Yield stresses of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol by Herschel-Bulkley model application were 0.020-0.641 and 0.017-0.079 Pa, respectively. Activation energies of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol were $2.102-32.669{\times}10^3$ and $1.657-5.382{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ with increasing concentration, respectively. Loss modulus (G") predominated over storage modulus (G') at all applied frequencies, showing typical flow behavior of low molecular solution. G' and G" of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water slowly increased with increasing frequency compared to those of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with 70% ethanol.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2022

This study was conducted to characterise phytochemicals and to explore the biological activities of Vitex negundo leaves. The washed, course powder of V. negundo leaves were extracted with different solvents of increasing polarity. All the extracts were characterized and biological activities were compared. The results revealed that the ethanolic and cold water extracts showed the presence of all phytochemicals studied except protein compared to other extracts. Further, the quantitative estimation of phytochemicals showed that the ethanolic extract had highest yield and maximum amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids with the least amount of tannins compared to other extracts studied. Furthermore, the highest total polyphenol content corresponds with the potent biological activities. Indeed, in vitro antioxidant and antisteroidogenic activities were highest in the ethanolic extract than others. To conclude, the present study is the first to report the characterization and antiandrogenic property of V. negundo leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract of V. negundo leaves can be used as an antioxidant and antiandrogenic agent. Hence, it can be considered for the treatment of hyperandrogenic conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome, etc.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.966-976
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• 2019

Objective: The methane mitigating potential of various plant-based polyphenol sources is known, but effects of combinations have rarely been tested. The aim of the present study was to determine whether binary and 3-way combinations of such phenol sources affect ruminal fermentation less, similar or more intensively than separate applications. Methods: The extracts used were from Acacia mearnsii bark (acacia), Vitis vinifera (grape) seed, Camellia sinensis leaves (green tea), Uncaria gambir leaves (gambier), Vaccinium macrocarpon berries (cranberry), Fagopyrum esculentum seed (buckwheat), and Ginkgo biloba leaves (ginkgo). All extracts were tested using the Hohenheim gas test. This was done alone at 5% of dry matter (DM). Acacia was also combined with all other single extracts at 5% of DM each, and with two other phenol sources (all possible combinations) at 2.5%+2.5% of DM. Results: Methane formation was reduced by 7% to 9% by acacia, grape seed and green tea and, in addition, by most extract combinations with acacia. Grape seed and green tea alone and in combination with acacia also reduced methane proportion of total gas to the same degree. The extracts of buckwheat and gingko were poor in phenols and promoted ruminal fermentation. All treatments except green tea alone lowered ammonia concentration by up to 23%, and the binary combinations were more effective as acacia alone. With three extracts, linear effects were found with total gas and methane formation, while with ammonia and other traits linear effects were rare. Conclusion: The study identified methane and ammonia mitigating potential of various phenolic plant extracts and showed a number of additive and some non-linear effects of combinations of extracts. Further studies, especially in live animals, should concentrate on combinations of extracts from grape seed, green tea leaves Land acacia bark and determine the ideal dosages of such combinations for the purpose of methane mitigation.