• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.18-48
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• 2004

Health policies in many countries have come under critical scrutiny in recent years. This is because of increasing national health expenditures. Also many persons in health sector have been the perception that resources allocated to health services are not always deployed in an optimal fashion. And they believe that the scope of resources in health services is limited, there is need to search for ways of using existing resources more efficiently. A further concern has been the desire to ensure access to healthcare of various groups on an equitable basis. In some European countries this has been linked to a wish to enhance patient choice and to make service providers more responsive to consumers, while Korea integrated health insurance funds into single fund in 2000. Many European countries are under considerable pressure to review and restructure their health care systems. There are several reasons of pressure to reform. There are demographic changes, pattern of disease change, advances in medical sciences will also give rise to new demands within the health services, public expectations of health services are rising as those who use services demand higher standards of care. These circumstances require the change of health care delivery system based on hierarchical regionalism, which was basis of health care delivery since 1920s. Korea is also under similarly pressure to restructure our own health care systems. We will have good learning from OECD experiences. In this paper we reviewed and compared among OECD countries' various experiences.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of utterance internal pause in English speaking evaluation. To avoid possible confusion with other errors caused by segmental and prosodic inaccuracy, stem utterances with two different length obtained from a native speaker were manipulated to make a set of stimuli tokens through insertion of pauses whose length and position vary. After a total of 90 participants classified into three proficiency groups rated the stimuli, the scored data set was statistically analyzed in terms of the mixed effects model. It was confirmed that predictors such as pause length, pause position and utterance length significantly influence raters' evaluation scores. Especially, a dominating effect was found in such a way that raters gradually deducted scores in accordance with the increase of pause duration. In another experiment, a tree-based statistical learning technique was utilized to check which of the significant predictors played a more influential role than others. The findings in this paper are expected to be practically informative for both the test takers who are preparing for an English speaking test and the raters who desire to develop more objective rubric of speaking evaluation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제6호
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• pp.63-66
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• 1995

Our natural desire to exuviate old theory and search for new ideas means conversion and reformation. Howev-er, the new idea of the present moment will soon become an ancient history when the next generation emerges with more advanced ideas. Naturally, we have learned to accept the past history and utilized it as a the foundation for the future. Through the repeated process of the learning method, the popula-tion cultivate themselves with proper understanding and appropriate attitude toward design. By analyzing social behaviors of the past and living conditions, we can ex-pand our imaginations beyond limits. Each society and its local condition have tremendous effects on the develop-ment and progress of artistic theories, techniques and craftsmanship, and potential design of every day use products. Today, interior design can not afford to ignore the or-ganic relationship of life style and space. Thus, the plan-ning of space means the planning of life style. Life style, as it is, has a vast definition and changes with time. That is why spaces, which consider the life style and its environment when designed, show different aspects ac-cording to its corresponding time. Interior design, in particular, differs by time and re-gion to create its unique style. The change in space is the natural result of the change in life style which again is sensitive to the change in cultural and environmental elements. Design is no longer designing of mere physical elements and environment. Design should be taken as the equivalent of creating spiritual culture.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2000

There has been a considerable number of studies on aggressive behaviors and violences, but it is hard to find one that gives us clear and satisfactory answers with transparent conclusions. Juvenile aggressiveness seems to be caused by unsatisfied desire in the problematic situations and emotional instability. The aim of this study is to find out how emotional instability - especially mathematics anxiety - is correlated with aggressiveness and how aggressiveness affects mathematics proficiency, and thus to help students improve their academic proficiency by finding out appropriate measures to take in case of aggressive behaviors of students. Main tasks of this study are as follows : 1. To find out any correlation between aggressiveness of the experimental students and their mathematics proficiency. 2. Is there any correlation between aggressiveness and mathematics anxiety\ulcorner 3. Is there any correlation between aggressiveness and academic proficiency\ulcorner The conclusion of this study is as follows : 1. There are some negative correlations between the degree of mathematics anxiety and mathematics proficiency. This is mainly because negative emotional state developed from one's uneasiness for fear of failure disturbs one's learning process and thus weakens the will for achieving the task. 2. While aggressiveness doesn't show any significant correlations with academic proficiency, it does have some with mathematics anxiety.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of masturbation among high school students. Method : The subjects were 925 high school students in Busan. Masturbation experience, hygienic management and physical, psychological condition after masturbation were measured. The data was collected from December 1998 to February 1999. The collected data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean, $x^2$ -test, t-test. Result : 1) There were significant differences in masturbation experiences according to frequency($x^2$=547.94, p=.000), educational participation($x^2$=12.11 p=.001) and hygienic management(t=3.661, p=.001) between boys and girls. 2) Contact of lewd mass media stimulated students to do masturbation and they used various methods such as stimulating genital area by using hand or tools, fantasizing about sex 3) Subjects reported that they experienced fatigue, sleeping disturbance, decreasing concentration and learning desire after masturbation. Conclusion : This study suggests that replicate studies are needed. The results are also useful in developing various sex education program.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2017

이 연구는 마음그램을 활용한 인성교육프로그램의 개발을 위한 기초적인 틀과 방향을 제시하는 데에 목적이 있다. '마음그램'이란 기존의 분석심리학 및 유식학의 마음구조를 기반으로 인간의 마음을 네 가지 마음자리(탐닉형, 분노형, 경쟁형, 이기심형)로 유형화하고, 이를 위한 인성교육의 단계적 구조를 알기 쉽게 도식화한 것을 말한다. 마음유형별 프로그램의 설계는 세 단계로 구성된다. 첫 번째 단계는 관찰을 통해 자아의식의 원인을 자각하는 '발견'의 단계이며, 두 번째는 부정적인 욕구를 긍정적인 욕구로 조절하는 학습과정인 '전환'단계, 세 번째는 공동체의식의 함양을 목표로 하는 타자와의 '관계'지향의 단계이다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

다양하고 많은 양의 정보가 존재하는 웹 환경에서 웹 사이트를 방문하는 사용자의 접근패턴도 매우 다양하며, 웹 환경의 변화에 따라서 이러한 접근패턴은 계속 변화한다. 이러한 이유로, 웹 사이트 개발자가 사전에 사용자의 욕구에 완벽하게 부합하는 완벽한 사이트를 개발하기란 사실상 불가능하다. 이에 대한 해결방안으로, 웹 사이트에 대한 사용자 접근 패턴을 학습해서 웹 사이트의 구조나 외형을 자동적으로 개선시켜 나가는 적응형 웹 사이트 (Adaptive Web site)가 제시되었다. 본, 논문에서는 DTMC(Discrete-Time Markov Chain)에 의거한 확률적 모델을 이용하여 적응형 웹 사이트 구축에 필요한 사용자 접근패턴을 학습하고 이를 적용하기 위한 효과적인 방법론을 제시한다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2014

This study investigates fathers' demands for fathering education. Data from eight married, working men was collected through in-depth interviews. The interviews were intended to examine their father-role, working life, balance between work and family, and demand for the educational programs for fathers with particular regard to the themes, contents, and arrangement strategies they desire of the programs. The results show that fathers have a high demand for learning detailed methods of childrearing such as how to effectively sooth and play with their child(ren). Further, it was discovered that job flexibility is the major variable that determines a man's satisfaction with his parental role. Various information about possible arrangements of fathering education was collected from the interview data, such as desired themes, number of sessions, size of the educational program, volunteer role of participants, and focus of the course (e.g., many indicated interest in focusing on gender equality). This study reveals that greater detail, more effective contents, and efficient managerial strategies are required in fathering education in order to impart broader perspectives and knowledge about how to enhance the relationship between father and child(ren).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2010

Purpose: One of the main reasons why mothers quit breast feeding is that the volume of breast milk is inadequate due to insufficiency in suckling. We believe suckling experience may be a factor affecting nipple confusion. So an alternative feeding method, namely cup, spoon, finger, or nasogastric tube feeding may be needed to prevent nipple confusion. The purpose of this study was to construct a predictive model for demand for alternative feeding education by nurses. Methods: A descriptive design with structured self-report questionnaires was used for this study. Data from 175 nurses working in hospitals in Busan were collected between April 1 and 15, 2009. Data were analyzed by decision tree method, one of the data mining techniques using SAS 9.1 and Enterprise Miner 4.3 program. Results: Of the nurses, 81.1% demanded alternative feeding education and 5 factors showed that most of them expressed intention to pay, desire to know about alternative feeding, age, and learning experience. From these results, the derived model is considered appropriative for explaining and predicting demand for alternative feeding education. Conclusion: This confirms that knowledge and compliance in alternative breast feeding for newborn babies should be correct and any inaccuracies or insufficient information should be supplemented.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2002

본 논문은 초등학교 사회과 3학년 그림지도 학습과 관련하여 기존의 CAI관련 교육매체들이 단순히 그림지도 관련 지식을 나열하는 방식에서 탈피하여 그래픽, 애니메이션, 사운드, 동화상 등의 다양한 멀티미디어 자료를 상호 연계한 코스웨어와의 활발한 상호 작용을 통해 스스로 그림지도와 관련된 지식을 구성해 나갈 수 있도록 개발하였다. 개발된 코스웨어는 3학년 사회과 그림지도 영역의 이해를 보다 쉽게 할 뿐 아니라 그림지도의 구성요소와 그림지도를 백지도 상에 그리는 방법, 지도를 활용하는 방법의 안내까지 효율적으로 학습할 수 있도록 함으로써 개별학습용 수준별 심화 보충학습 용으로도 활용할 수 있게 하였다.