• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-131
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• 2005

This paper has discussed several issues regarding the barriers and opportunities for technological catch-up by the late-comer countries and firms. As one of the barriers to technological catch-up, the paper emphasizes the uncertainty involved with the third stage of learning how to design. The barriers arise because as the forerunner firms refuse to sell or give license to successful catching-up firms who thus have to design the product by themselves. The paper discusses how to overcome this barrier. It also notes that if the crisis of design technology is a push factor for leapfrogging, arrival of new techno-economic paradigm can serve as a pull factor for leapfrogging, serving as a winder of opportunity. The, it emphasized the two risks with leapfrogging, namely the risk of choosing right technology or standards and the risk of creating initial markets, and how to overcome these risks. It discusses how to overcome these risks in leapfrogging, and differentiates diverse forms of knowledge accesses. Then, the paper takes up the issue of whether there can be a single common or several models for catch-up. A common element of catching-up is to enter new markets segments quickly, to manufacture with high levels of engineering excellence, and to be first-to-market by means of the best integrative designs. This observation is supported by the fact that Korea and Taiwan has achieved higher levels of technological capabilities in such sectors as featured by short cycle time of technology. The possibility of two alternative models for catch-up is also discussed in terms of the key difference between Korean and Taiwan, especially in the position toward the source of foreign knowledge and the paths taken toward the final goal of OBM. Taiwan followed the sequential steps of OEM, ODM and OBN, in collaboration or integration with the MNCs. Korean chaebols jumped from OEM directly to OBM even without consolidating design technology.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.17-36
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• 2012

With wide recognition of significant roles of venture companies in economic and industrial developments, substantial academic attention has been paid to understanding venture success and numerous policy measures have been made to help them. A serious problem, however, is that only a few limited number of venture could successfully grow to be large firm. The goal of this paper is to identify critical factors to drive 'leapfrogging' growth of venture companies by analyzing the success cases in Daejeon area. The theoretical analysis and case study suggest 1) founders' entrepreneurship continuity as a significant internal organization factor for growth and highlight importance of 2) exploring foreign markets and globalization of business operation in the early stage of growth. Furthermore, the research results identify two critical innovation strategies, 3) ambidextrous R&D strategy and 4) open innovation strategy, for entrepreneurial founders to effectively catch the business chances brought by environment change.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.205-227
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• 2004

This paper examined the leapfrogging of Korean Digital TV Industry in the midst of digital Revolution. Despite the lack of sufficient capability and core knowledge base, the Korean firms succeeded in the catching up forerunner firms in the Digital TV industry. The reasons of the success of Korean firms were as follows. Firstly, the Korean firms had some complementary asset, such as the experience of producing analog TV, and were able to develop the prototype digital TV given the accesses to the foreign knowledge via overseas R&D posts and acquisition of a foreign company. Secondly, the Korean firms were not locked in the analog technologies. As a follower, they had little sunk cost on the existing analog technologies. Thirdly, New mode of innovation, such as National R&D program for the development of HDTV and ASIC, were used as a tool for the mobilization of scarce knowledge base of digital technologies and the sharing the risks of development of path-breaking new technologies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.4
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• pp.387-399
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• 2014

This study proposes strategies for economic development through mobile in Africa where mobile emerges as an infra to solve socioeconomic problems. It analyzes economy and ICT industry in Africa and studies several cases that are utilized in agriculture, finance, education, and healthcare. It also examines economic development theory and the impact of broadband on economic growth and development. It is necessary to leapfrog to mobile to achieve an information society and a compact industrialization based on ICT because fixed-line is very poor and expensive in Africa. Building a mobile broadband infra, supporting a dissemination of low-end smartphones and a government's support for mobile contents are necessary to achieve a leapfrogging development through mobile in Africa. The findings of this study provide additional insights for Korean ICT companies to consider a business in Africa.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.288-315
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• 2004

This paper has examined the leapfrogging thesis with the case of catch-up in digital TV by the Korean firms. Despite the disadvantages implied by the technological regime of digital TV and the risks facing early entrants in trajectory choice and initial market formation, the Korean firms had achieved a 'path-creating catch-up' in the sense they chose a different path from the Japanese forerunning firms. As they have been closely watching the technological trends and the standard setting process, there was less risk of choosing the right or wrong technological trajectory. Also, despite the lack of sufficient capability and core knowledge base, the Korean firms had some complementary asset, such as the experience of producing analogue TV, and were able to develop the prototype digital TV and the ASIC chips, given the accesses to the foreign knowledge via overseas R&D posts and acquisition of a foreign company. To secure the initial market size, the Korean targeted the US market from the beginning, and their sources for competitive advantages were the speedy setting up the production system for mass production of products at the initial stage. The initial failure of the Japanese firms and the success of the Korean firms do suggest that the period of paradigm shift, like this toward digital technology, can serve as a window of opportunity for late-comers while penalizing the forerunner.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.256-262
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clothing pressure of Bell-bottom slacks according to various movements of the legs In this study, movements of legs were classified by M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6. (M1: erecting Position, M2: Setting Position, M3: Stepping Pssition, M4: Leapfrogging Position, M5: Sit-on-one's Position, M6: Traditional noble-sitting) The results were as follows: clothing pressure was very different according to the movements of the legs and was in order M4>M5>M6>M2>M3>M1. Particually, clothing pressure in the knee point is the highest in the M4 movement $(550.81g/cm^{2})$.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was construction of bell-bottom blue jeans according to change of flare line and investigate the effects clothing pressure according to various movements of the legs. In this study, movements of leg were classified by M1, M2, M3, M4.(M1:erecting, M2: leapfrogging position, M3:sit-on-one' keens position, M4:Traditional nobel-sitting position) The results were as follows: As usings the leg surface shell by the adhesive paper taping method, basic slacks pattern and blue jeans patterns according to change of flare line was constructed. The order of clothing pressure of the different patterns is C(the flare line is on the calf of the leg)>B(the flare line is on the knee)>A(the flare line is on the thigh). Clothing pressure in the knee point was highest and when the flare line was on the calf of the leg, clothing pressure showed high.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

The migration path of a multiple-generation technology that occurs during a technological substitution by a new technology is important to understanding the phenomenon of technological substitution, and can contribute to understanding the process of technological innovation. This research defines the concept of migration path and develops a model of the types of migration paths by multiple dimensions (actor, generation, and time) in a multiple-generation technology. Based on a literature review and tracking of migration paths according to multiple dimensions, the definitions and types of migration paths were provided, and the accuracy of the model was verified based on a case study of the semiconductor industry. The migration paths of suppliers are modeled with three types (switching, leapfrogging, and new entrance paths), and the migration paths of customers are modeled with four types (switching, leapfrogging, new entrance, and diffusion paths) in a multiple-generation technology. This research will be useful for understanding the migration paths in the phenomenon of technological substitution, and can be applied to other industries in addition to the semiconductor industry, including various actors. In addition, suppliers and customers can understand technological substitution and can establish a technology strategy against their competitors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.951-951
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• 2005

The characteristics of Boussinesq starting forced plumes were investigated in this study. Two distinct periods in the transient plume penetration were identified, namely the Period of Flow Development (PFD) and Period of Developed Flow (PDF). PFD refers to the time period whereby the penetration rate is governed by the complex vortex dynamics initiated by the exit conditions that can include vortex coalescence, vortex leapfrogging, pinching off of the head vortex from the trailing stem and the eventual reconnection. The pinch-off and reconnection leads to an overshoot of the plume front which is a common observation reported in previous studies. The penetration rate in PDF is more predictable and depends on the continuous feeding of buoyancy and momentum into the head vortex by the trailing buoyant-jet stem. Similarity solutions are developed for PDF to describe the temporal variation of the penetration rate, by incorporating the behavior of an isolated buoyant vortex ring and recent laboratory results on the trailing buoyant jet. In particular, the variations of velocity ratios between the head vortex and trailing buoyant jet are analytically computed. To verify the similarity solutions, experiments were conducted on vertical starting forced plumes using planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF).

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods imports and economic growth with a focus on the 13 Asia-Pacific economies during 2005-2016. In particular, this paper extends the study by breaking down the data of Asia-Pacific countries into High Income Countries (HICs) and Low Income Countries (LICs) according to the difference of income levels. Design/methodology - Our empirical model employs the standard growth model based on the Barro (1998)-type growth framework. Using static panel-data technique, we estimate the effect of ICT goods imports on economic growth in the 13 Asia-Pacific economies. In addition, we also estimate a difference of the ICT goods imports-economic growth link between HICs and LICs. Findings -The estimation results indicate that ICT goods import has a significant positive effect on economic growth, while ICT goods export has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on it. When we break down the panel data into HICs and LICs in order to gain further insight, ICT goods imports has been effective in spurring growth in only LICs but not in HICs. The other supplementary results show that both domestic investment (GCF) and life expectancy (LE) have a significantly positive impact on economic growth in both HICs and LICs. Originality/value - The main findings of the paper suggest that ICT goods imports has a positive effect on economic growth in only LICs but not in HICs. This result supports the so-called 'leapfrogging' hypothesis through ICT goods imports in the Asia-Pacific countries, in which LICs are gaining more from ICT goods imports than HICs.