• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.609-617
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• 2021

Background and objective: The nanobubbles remain stable in water, and it increased dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water that promotes the seed germination and the plant growth. We evaluated the seed germination and growth of sprouts (radish, wheat, and barley) and leafy vegetables (red mustard and pak choi) when irrigated with various DO of nanobubble water (NB). Methods: The oxygen NB was generated by surface friction and treated in 4 levels: NB 0% (control, DO 9.21 mg·L^-1), NB 20% (DO 15.40 mg·L^-1), NB 33% (DO 20.93 mg·L^-1), and NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L^-1). Results: The root length of radish and wheat increased more in NB 33% than the control plot. The fresh weight increased in NB 33% compared to the control plot in radish and wheat, and both fresh and dry weight increased more in NB 20%, NB 33%, and NB 100% than the control plot of barley. The leaf length and width of red mustard decreased more in NB 33% and NB 100% than the control plot and NB 20%, which indicated the leaf compactness. The fresh and dry weight of shoot and root increased more in NB 100% than the control plot in red mustard. In pak choi, the shoot fresh weight increased more in NB 100% than the control plot. In leafy vegetables, the germination rate of red mustard in NB 100% was higher than the control plot, however, it was not significantly different between oxygen NB plots in sprout vegetables. Conclusion: The results showed that the root growth and biomass increased after applying NB 33% in sprout vegetables. The leaf growth properties as the number of leaves and leaf size were not significantly different or decreased in NB treatments compared to control plots, but NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L^-1) effectively increased the root growth and plant biomass in leafy vegetables.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

The antioxidant activity of forty two kinds of salad vegetables grown in Korea was evaluated. Methanol extract of freeze-dried vegetable was assayed by radical scavenging activity using 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Fe^{2+}$-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibition by TBA method. Total phenolics were determined colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The highest radical scavenging activity was expressed by perilla leaf, followed by dandelion leaf, red and green leafy lettuce, of which $IC_{50}$ was less than 0.10 mg/mL. Angelica leaf showed the highest inhibitory action for lipid peroxidation with $95\%$, and then dandelion leaf, water spinach, and perilla leaf inhibited over $80\%$. However, lettuce (Iceberg) and young Chinese cabbage exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity based on both assay methods. Highly positive correlations between antioxidative activities and total phenolics were observed (p < 0.001). The results suggested that salad vegetables, especially perilla leaf, leafy lettuce, dandelion or angelica, could be used for easily accessible sources of natural antioxidants.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.606-619
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of crude protein levels in diets containing monobasic potassium phosphate (MKP) on water quality and the growth of Japanese eels Anguilla japonica and leafy vegetables in a Hybrid BFT-Aquaponics (HBFT-AP) system. The first experiment (EXP1) was designed to verify the effects of the feed itself on leafy vegetable productivity using two diets (CP48 and CP30) with MKP and one commercial eel diet (COM58). The second experiment (EXP2) examined the effects of the three diets on productivity of the fish and leafy vegetables in the HBFT-AP for 6 weeks. After the 6 week feeding trial, the weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed COM58 and CP48 were higher than those of fish fed CP30 (P<0.05) and the growth of the four leafy vegetables was the highest with fish fed CP48. Water quality was measured six times per week using a portable water quality meter and reagent measurements and showed variance with time for TAN (0.01-0.09 mg/L), NO₂-N (0.010-0.064 mg/L), NO₃-N (5.52-27.15 mg/L), PO₄-P (2.03-5.32 mg/L) and pH (7.86-6.15).

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2009

주요 엽채류 7종의 주년 안정생산을 위한 담액수경 재배 시 양액의 순환주기가 양액의 용존산소 농도, 엽채류의 생육, 그리고 식물영양소의 함량에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 양액을 1일 10분 순환 처리구는 정식 13일 후 용존산소 농도가 급격하게 떨어지고 17일 후에는 2.8mg $L^{-1}$, 20일 후에는 최저 1.5mg $L^{-1}$까지 낮아졌다. 처리 20일 후 7가지 엽채류의 생체중은 1일 10분 처리구에서는 대조구인 10분 순환/110분 정지 처리구에 비해 $0{\sim}24%$ 범위에서 낮아졌으며, 10분 순환/10분 정지 처리구에서는 $-2{\sim}34%$ 증가하였다. 양액의 순환주기가 짧을수록 식물체 엽내 P의 함량이 증가하였으며, 식물체의 C/N율과 비타민 C 함량은 감소하였다. 이상의 결과, 담액수경 엽채류의 안정적인 생육과 식물영영소의 흡수를 위해서 2시간에 10분 정도의 양액 순환 처리가 효율적이었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.260-275
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• 2021

Aquaponics is a cultivation system that combines aquaculture and agricultural hydroponics. This study investigated the productivity of leafy vegetables cultivated in the hybrid biofloc technology-aquaponics (HBFT-AP) using Japanese eel fed two kinds of diets (Mash, commercial powdered feed and extruded pellet [EP]) and hydroponics (HP).The mash was fed to the fish in a type of a dough mixed with water for 6 weeks (Exp1) and switched to the EP containing 2.7% monobasic potassium phosphate (MKP) for subsequent 6 weeks (Exp2). Leafy vegetables of 8 cultivar were employed in the experiment and water quality [dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L), pH, water temperature (℃), electrical conductivity (EC; ㎲/cm), turbidity (NTU), TAN (NH₃ + NH₄⁺) (mg /L), NO₂-N (mg/L), NO₃-N (mg/L) and PO₄-P (mg/L)] was measured 6 times a week. Leafy vegetable productivity (HBFT-AP vs HP) was compared in respective experiment, which was similar or somewhat higher in HBFT-AP. During the 12-week feeding trial, concentrations of nitrite (NO₂-N) and phosphorus (PO₄-P) were kept low in variability while total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NO₃-N levels increased with time in HBFT-AP. At the end of two feeding trials, values of weight gain (WG, %), feed efficiency (FE, %), specific growth rate (SGR, %) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were higher in Exp2 than in Exp1. As well, higher values in hematocrit (PCV, %), plasma K (mEq/L) and inorganic phosphorus (mg/dL) were found (p < 0.05) in Exp2 where fish were fed the EP (EP: 38.60%, 2.80 mEq/L and 7.04 g/dL; Mash: 33.20%, 1.95 mEq/L and 5.50 g/dL). Leafy vegetables in HBFT-AP using Japanese eel fed the EP with MKP 2.7% had a productivity similar (4 kinds of cultivar) or somewhat higher (4 kinds of cultivar) compared to those in HP. Also, Japanese eel fed the EP showed higher values of Pi (m/dL) and K (mEq/L) in plasma compared to those fed commercial powder diet.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2013

본 실험은 작물의 농약잔류성 포장시험 결과를 다른 소면적 작물로 외삽 할 수 있는지 알아보기 위하여 온실에서 재배되는 엽채소류를 대상으로 경엽살포 후 작물간 농약잔류 경향을 비교하였다. 배추속에 속하는 겨자채(Brassica juncea L.), 케일(Brassica oleracea L.), 다청채(a kind of pak-choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.)), 잎 브로콜리(Brassica oleracea var alboglabra) 4종과 배추속이 아닌 들깻잎(Perilla frutescens Britt.), 상추(Lactuca sativa L.), 적근대(Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) 및 적치커리(Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi) 4종을 대상으로 하였다. 이들은 온실이나 노지에서 연중 재배되며 일정한 수확기 동안 연속적으로 잎을 따서 수확하는 작물들로서 시금치처럼 포기 형태로 일시에 수확하는 작물들과 구별된다. 무게 대비 엽면적 비율이 58 $cm^2/g$으로 가장 높은 들깻잎에서 imidacloprid 등 7종 농약의 잔류량이 살포 당일부터 5일 후 까지 가장 높았다. 따라서 식품의 일일섭취량 통계에 따른 섭취량이 일정 수준을 차지하면서 시험대상 8작물중 농약 잔류량이 상대적으로 높은 들깻잎을 농약잔류성시험의 대표작물로 선정하여 외삽 적용을 위한 작물 그룹을 제안한다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2012

일시에 수확하는 엽채류 중 시금치, 얼갈이배추, 비타민채 및 청경채에 대한 살균제 boscalid와 fludioxonil의 잔류 특성을 조사하였다. 수확일을 기준으로 각각 1주일 간격으로 2회 살포한 후 수확당일, 수확 2일전, 수확 5일전 및 수확 7일전에 시료를 수거하여 잔류량을 조사하였다. 수확당일의 잔류량을 기초하여 작물 중 농약살포액의 부착량을 환산한 결과 boscalid의 경우 시금치에서 253.9 mL/kg, 그리고 얼갈이배추, 비타민채 및 청경채에서는 각각 83.0, 97.8 및 88.3 mL/kg으로 조사되어 시금치에서 가장 많이 살포액이 부착되는 것으로 나타났다. Fludioxonil의 경우도 시금치 157.6 mL/kg, 얼갈이배추 67.6, 비타민채 64.8 그리고 청경채에서 66.6 mL/kg의 부착량을 나타내어 시금치에서 가장 높은 살포액 부착량을 나타내었다. 각 작물에서 boscalid와 fludioxonil의 생육기간 중 농약의 분해소실 정도를 조사한 결과 boscalid의 경우 시금치에서 분해반감기가 5.9일, 얼갈이배추 7.4일, 비타민채 4.6일, 청경채 4.3일로서 얼갈이배추에서 분해 반감기가 가장 길었으며, fludioxonil의 경우에서도 시금치 3.0일, 얼갈이배추 4.0일, 비타민채 3.2일, 청경채 3.5일로 얼갈이배추에서 분해반감기가 가장 길었다. 두 농약의 잔류특성이 비교되었을 때 농약살포 후 살포액의 부착량과 작물생육기간 중 농약의 분해반감기는 fludioxonil 보다 boscalid이 더 많거나 긴 것으로 나타났다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2010

청주지역 유통 엽채류 중 농약잔류실태를 파악하기 위하여 2010년 6월과 8월 두 차례에 걸쳐 청주농수산물도매시장과 재래시장에서 상추 등 15종 엽채류 총 180점을 채취하여 103종의 농약을 대상으로 GC-ECD/NPD와 HPLC-DAD/FLD를 이용한 다성분 동시분석법으로 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 180점의 농산물 중 12점에서 7종의 농약이 검출되었으며, 검출율은 6.7%이었다. 6월에 채취한 시료에서는 근대를 포함한 6종의 농산물에서 tefluthrin 등 5종의 농약이 검출되었으며, 8월에 채취한 시료에서는 취나물을 포함한 3종의 농산물에서 pendimethalin 등 3종의 농약이 검출되었다. 검출농약 중 잔류허용 기준을 초과한 농약은 재래시장의 쑥갓에서 검출된 azoxystrobin 1종으로 잔류허용기준 초과율은 0.6%이었으며, 취나물에서 검출된 azoxystrobin과 부추에서 검출된 tefluthrin을 제외한 모든 검출농약은 해당 작물에 잔류허용기준이 설정되지 않은 농약이었다. 엽채류에서 검출된 농약의 일일섭취허용량은 일일섭취추정량의 7% 미만으로 안전한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

The consumption of fresh vegetables has been related to recurrent outbreaks of foodborne diseases (FBD) worldwide. Therefore, the development of effective alternative technologies is necessary to improve the safety of these products. This study aimed to isolate and identify epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fresh fruits and leafy vegetables and characterize their antagonistic capacity due to their ability to produce bacteriocins or antibacterial compounds. For this, 92 LAB isolates from fruits and leafy vegetables were screened for antagonistic activity. Two strains with the highest and broadest antagonistic activities were selected for further characterization; one from cantaloupe melon (strain CM175) and one from cilantro leaves (strain C15). The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of CM175 and C15 were found to exhibit antagonistic activity against FBD-causing pathogens. The CM175 and C15 strains were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus graminis, respectively. Notably, the P. pentosaceus CM175 CFS stopped the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Saintpaul, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, and delayed Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth. Moreover, L. graminis C15 CFS delayed the growth of all indicator pathogens, but did not completely stop it. Organic acids and bacteriocin-like molecules were determined to be possibly exerting the observed antagonistic activity of the identified LAB strains. Thus, application of the antagonistic compounds produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus graminis could be a novel and ecological strategy in developing antimicrobial biopreservatives for the food industry and mitigating FBD by reducing the biological contamination in fruit and vegetable orchards, mainly via their potential in controlling both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.309-309
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• 2023