• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to breed a very early maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 2009 to 2010. A new variety, 'Green farm' is a diploid variety with green in leaf color and has erect and semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. 'Green farm' was on 28 April in heading date as a early-maturing variety. 'Green farm' was also wider by 0.4 mm in flag leaf width, longer by 0.8 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 5 cm in plant height than those of control variety, 'Florida 80', respectively. 'Green farm' was thicker in stem thickness and stronger in winter hardness than those of the 'Florida 80'. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,790 kg/ha) of 'Green farm' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein (CP) of 'Green farm' were 68.7, 63.3 and 10.3% which are 1.9, 1.7 and 0.6% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Green farm' were 32.5 and 54.6% which are 2.2 and 4.3% lower than those of the 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2005

This studies were carried out to elucidate the control effect of copper fungicides against some citrus diseases, assess copper spray injury on leaf and fruit of citrus by spraying of copper fungicides according to growth stages and spray seasons and by tank mixing with paraffin oil in field experiments for 3 years (2003-2005 season). As results, the control value was approximately $75\%$ against scab disease in all tested copper fungicides, $85-88\%$ to canker and $75-86\%$ to melanose. In case of leaf, the copper injury was the severest in early stage of shooting, and the injury was gradually weakened according to growth of leaf. In fruit, the copper injury was more severe in midsummer (late of July and August) than early of summer and spring season (June and ealy of July). Among copper fungicides, the bordeaux mixture which made by level of farm induced more injury compared to other copper fungicides commercialized. Less copper spray injury was observed on treatments in which copper fungicide was sprayed as tank mixtures with paraffin oil when compared to treatment which sprayed with only copper fungicide.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 1979

$^14$C-sucrose was labeled on detached panicles and $^14{CO}_2$ on flag leaves or panicles of intact plants to study grain sink activity in spring oats cultivar Pennfield. Defoliation and emasculation experiment was conducted to study source-sink relationship during grain filling. Specific activity of groat rose up to 15 days after anthesis and declined rapidly to 18 days. Daily gain of groat wt. matched closely with specific activity of. groat during grain filling. Primary groats were higher in specific activity of groat than secondary groats.$^14{CO}_2$ exposure on panicle was three times higher in specific activity of groat than $^14{CO}_2$exposure on flag leaf. In the defoliation and emasculation experiment, groat wt. of Pennfield oats decreased as ratio of source/sink decreased. Half number of spikelets with half leaf area was no different in groat wt. compared to control, but normal number of spikelets with zero leaf area was decreased 16% in groat wt., indicating a significant compensation by green area on panicle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2018

This experiment was carried out to breed a very early maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 2015 to 2017. New variety of Ryegrass, 'Green Call' is a diploid variety with green in leaf color and has semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring, 'Green Call' was on April 25 in heading date as a early-maturing variety. Also 'Green Call' was narrower by 2 mm in flag leaf width, longer by 1.3 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 5 cm in plant height than those of control variety, 'Florida 80', respectively. 'Green Call' was also thicker by 0.14 mm in stem thickness and strong in winter hardness. Dry matter (DM) yield (11,592 kg/ha) of 'Green Call' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. Total digestible nutrient (TDN), crude protein (CP) and relative feed value (RFV) of 'Green Call' were 60.8, 10.3 and 96.7 % which are 2.1, 1.1, 6.9 % higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Green Call' were 35.5 and 58.9 % which are 2.7 and 2.3 % lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of planting time on the survival rate and growth. Ilex cornuta Lindl., I. aquifolium 'Silver Queen', Ardisia pusilla 'Variegata', and Rhododendron indicum(Satsuki azalea) were planted in pottery pot six times such as April 1, June 1, July 1, August 1, October 1, and December 1 in 2017. The survival rate of I. cornuta Lindl. planted in April, October, and December was 100%, whereas the survival rates were 90% in June, 50% in July, and 60% in August, respectively. The survival rates of I. aquifolium 'Silver Queen' and R. schlippenbachii were also shown about 60% in July and 70% in August, which were lower than in the other planting times at 100%. However, the survival rate of A. pusilla 'Variegata' was shown 100% in the all planting times. The growth rates of plant length, plant height or leaf length or any others of I. cornuta Lindl. were shown 20.0%, 15.5% and 16.5% planted in June, July, and August, respectively, while those planted in April, October and December were 3.2%, 12.3% and 10.7% respectively. Similarly, the growth rates of leaf numbers and plant length of I. cornuta Lindl., A. pusilla 'Variegata', and R. indicum(Satsuki azalea) planted in summer season from June to August for all plat (not only leaf numbers and plant length in was facilitated, while the growth was restrained in planting for spring or autumn. Therefore, the plantation during summer is better for increasing the survival rate and promoting the growth.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2024

This experiment was conducted to breed a very early-maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Korea, from 2022 to 2023. The new variety, named "Earlybird," is a diploid variety characterized by green leaf color, a semi-erect growth habit in late autumn/fall, and an erect growth habit in early spring. With a heading date of April 30, Earlybird is categorized as a very early-maturing variety. Compared to the "Kowinearly" control variety, Earlybird's flag-leaf width is wider by 0.2 mm, its flag-leaf length is longer by 1.4 cm, and its plant height is greater by 10.5 cm. Additionally, Earlybird's ear length is 1.4 cm longer than Kowinearly's, and it exhibits lodging resistance. Although the dry matter yield of Earlybird (7,469 kg/ha) is smaller than that of Kowinearly, the difference is not statistically significant. The total digestible nutrient and crude protein content of Earlybird are 63.5% and 8.6%, respectively, which are higher than those of Kowinearly by 1.8% and 0.3%, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content of Earlybird are 56.9% and 32.0%, respectively, which are lower than those of Kowinearly by 2.2% and 2.3%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.36-45
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• 2010

To analyze the relationship between climatic factors (monthly mean temperature and total precipitation) and tree-ring growths of Quercus mongolica Fischer (Mongolian oak) with different topographic sites in Mt. Worak, more than 10 trees were selected from each of seven stands. Two cores from each tree were measured for ring width. After crossdating, each ring-width series was double standardized by fitting first a negative exponential or straight regression line and secondly a 60-year cubic spline. Seven stands were categorized in two groups using cluster analysis for tree-ring index patterns. Cluster I (four stands) was located in higher elevation (550-812 m) with aspects of east, west and northwest, and cluster II (three stands) was located in rather lower election (330-628 m) with aspects of north and northwest. The aspects of two clusters were not significantly different. Response-function analysis showed a significant positive response to March precipitation for both clusters. It indicates that moisture supply during early spring season is important to radial growth because the cambial growths of ring-porous species, such as Mongolian oak, start before leaf growth. Cluster II showed a positive response to the precipitation of middle and late growing season, too.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2004

In this study, Dual servo mechanism with VCM(Voice Coil Motor) and PZT is designed for a high precision force and position control. We designed the VCM actuator and dual servo mechanism with leaf spring. VCM actuators, with their high linearity, simple structure, low weight, and high efficiency, are increasingly being used in micro-positioning applications. There are many kinds of VCM with a structure. VCM actuators are divided into two types by moving parts. One is moving magnet type and the other moving coil type. We described the properties of these two types of VCM. Design parameters of VCM are defined through the FEM simulation analysis of magnetic field and dynamic model of dual servo mechanism. These researches help to for decreasing loss in the air gap of VCM. We present dual servo mechanism is effective mechanism for a force control in hi h precision, properties of designed VCM.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to study the biological yields(BY) of varieties by the developmental growth stages and shoot weight(SHW), leaf area(LA), root dry weight(RW), number of tillers(NT), shoot and root ratio(S/R), weight of a tiller(WT) as factors of yield components with 5 varieties of perennial ryegrass. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The biological yields in summer were about 115 of spring yield. 2. The biological yields of Manhattan were the highest until1 third developmental growth stage among perennial ryegrasses, and those for Maprima and P-2 varieties were the highest in the following stages. In terms of shoot dry weight, the similarly tendency appeared in the fifth developmental growth stage. 3. The shoot dry weight increased highly with the root dry weight. 4. The Tempo variety of biological yield was generally low but the weight of a tiller was the highest. 5. The highest increasing stage of biological yields was between fifth and sixth developmental growth stage, but the lowest increasing stage of biological yields was between first and second developmental growth stage, respectively. The dominant factors of biological yields were influenced to shoot and root dry weight.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 1993

This study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 to determine the effects of winter annual forage corps such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.), rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera L.), oats (Auena satiua L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), vetch (Vicia satiua L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolim multiflorum Lam.) on subsequent growth, yield and quality of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The winter annual forage crops were seeded at the end of August and harvested in the fall and spring before corn planting. Corn-leaf numbers, plant heights and LA1 were generally reduced during early development when corn followed Italian ryegrass(P<0.05) and winter rye, but the silking date of corn was not affected by the winter annual forage crops. Corn dry matter and TDN yields were significantly reduced when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak winter rye. The yield reductions for corn following Italian ryegrass and Kodiak winter rye, relative to corn which did not follow the winter annual forage crops, were 49 and 19% respectively. but the corn yield was slightly improved by 2 and 3%, respectively. when corn followed crimson clover and vetch. No quality differences in corn stover were observed among the treatments except for the lowest ADF and NDF contents and the highest IVDMD where corn followed ltaliabn ryegrass.