• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out at National Crop Experiment Station in 1994 to obtain basic information of growth characters and yield of rice under various nitrogen split application methods on different soil textures in direct seeding on dry paddy. Hwaseongbyeo sown on April 27 by flat drill seeding, and irrigation was done at 3 leaf stage after seedling establishment. Number of seedling stand was 159~177 seedlings per $m^2$ regardless of soil texture and nitrogen application method. Number of panicle per unit area in loam was higher than in sandy loam, and it also was higher in top dressing plots, which were 3 times application at rate of 40-30-30% (3rd leaf stage -7th leaf stage -panicle initiation stage) and 4 times application 10-30-30-30%(basal-3rd leaf stage -7th leaf stage -panicle initiation stage), than in conventional method. Leaf colour, leaf area index and dry matter production at heading stage were highest at top dressing plots among the nitrogen application methods in both sandy loam and loam. Lodging index in top dressing plots increased by low breaking weight with long culm. There were field lodging of degree 3 in top dressing plots. Rice yield in sandy loam, loam increased by 7~9%, 6~9% in top dressing of nitrogen, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 1986

Under the different conditions of planting density and nitrogen level with aromatic tobacco, some agronomic characters of tobacco like plant height, leaf size, LAI, yield and price were investigated in view of aroma volatile acid contents, the main compounds contributing to the aroma of oriental leaf tobacco. The closer a spacing interval became, the smaller the growth of plant and the leaf size with increment of yields, until about 22,000 plants per 10 are. But the leaf size became smaller without increment of yield when the planting density became more than 22,000 plants per 10 are. There were definite trends toward increase in leaf size, LAI and yield with increase in nitrogen rate. Correlation coefficient between aroma volatile and plant height, largest leaf length, one leaf area was -0.49, -0.49 and -0.47, respectively, showing significance at 1 % level. But LAI (r=-0.14) and dry weight of unit leaf area(r=0.25) was not observed to be significantly associated with aroma volatile, respectively. The results suggest that closer spacing is desirable for smaller leaves, higher contents of aroma volatile and for increased yield.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.34-35
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• 2003

Before making of tea, the number of leaf, plant height and node length in young shoot were 5.2, 14.9cm and 1,9cm respectively. These contents caused problems in leaf rolling and uniformity. No significant difference in quality and comoposition of roasted and steamed were observed, external shape and internal quality, however, were good from 1st to 3rd leaf. Chemical nutrition consists of leaf position, Total nitrogen content of terminal leaf was 4.88%, total free amino acid 21.12%, and caffein 3%. Vitamin C content was increased with increasing of leaf age. Making of roasted tea was required long time because camellia leaf was very hard and smoothly. Products had lower water color, perfume and taste. Internal quality of steamed tea was good in water color and taste. The contents of total nitrogen, total free amino acid, catechin, caffeine and vitamin C were 4.24%, 1.01, 17.7%, 2.6% and 75.7mg/ml.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1982

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization level, additional dressing time and form of nitrogen on the growth and formation of Alkaloid in flue-cured tobacco. The results are abstracted as follows. Length and width of harvested leaves, area of a leaf, leaf area per plant, number of harvested leaves, weight of a leaf, and leaf weight of a plant were larger in the $NO_3$-N plot than $NH_4$-N plot. Length, width and area of the middle leaves increased by additional dressing on 7 days before topping, but the dry weight Per unit leaf area of those was decreased. Leaf shape was broaden in additional dressing plots in comparison with 100% of basal dressing plot, but there is no difference among the additional dressing plots. And the smallest leaf shape index was shown at upper leaves in 100% of basal dressing Plot. Leaf weight of a Plaint was the highest in 12kg/10a Plot among $NO_3$-N form and in 12kg/10a plot among $NH_4$-N form. Total Alkaloid content was higher in $NH_4$-N plot between fertilization forms, and highest in 15kg/10a plot among fertilization levels and at the position of middle and upper leaves in the plot of 7 days before topping among additional dressing times.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the prediction of sensory property of smoke from the leaf chemical property and characterize leaf chemical components for the best tobacco taste's leaves in burley tobacco. For analytical and sensory evaluations, sixteen grades were used. The major leaf chemical components to predict the sensory property of smoke were ether extract for tobacco-like, chloride for impact and total nitrogen/nicotine for irritation. Within ${\pm}20\;%$ range of difference, the predictable probabilities of sensory property of smoke from the leaf chemical properties were 100 % for tobacco-like, impact and irritation. As a result of K-means cluster analysis on the basis of tobacco taste, the desirable leaf chemical component contents were $6.5{\sim}6.8\;%$ in ether extract, $0.25{\sim}0.30\;%$ in chloride and $1.26{\sim}1.54$ in total nitrogen/nicotine ratio. This study suggest that the some regression equations may be useful to predict the sensory components of tobacco smoke from a few selected leaf chemical properties in burley tobacco and to select the burley tobacco leaves for enhance the tobacco taste of cigarette.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1987

For some basic information in tobacco breeding, the modes of inheritance and heritabilities for the twelve agronomic and chemical characters were estimated in the study of eight varieties partial diallel set. Additive gene actions were significant for all characters except total nitrogen content and dominance gene effects were also significant for all characters. Yield, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf shape index were inherited as partial dominance, and overdominance was detected for plant height, stem diameter, internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content. Dominant gene showed increasing effects in yield, plant height, stem diameter, internode length, leaf width and total sugar content, but showed decreasing effects in the other characters. The broad heritability was very high for all characters. and the narrow heritability was high in days to flower and yield, but low in internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.158-166
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is a fruit tree with relatively small cultivation area in Korea and researches on its soil and physiology are very limited compared to those on cultivar development. Therefore, there are limited information for farmers to cope with the reduction in productivity due to various physiological disorders and premature aging. This study was conducted to investigate the soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics, which will be used as basic data for stable kiwifruit orchard soil management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics were investigated for two years in 16 kiwifruit orchards growing 'Hayward' (Actinidia deliciosa) in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Soil and leaf samples were collected in July and fruit quality was investigated by harvesting fruits about 170 days after full bloom. The average soil chemical properties of kiwi orchards were generally higher than the recommended level, except for pH, and especially, the exchangeable potassium reached about 300% of the recommended level. The proportions of orchards that exceeded the recommended level of soil chemical properties were 63, 31, 100, 69, 94, 88 and 69% for pH, EC, organic content, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. Thirty-three percent of orchards had more than 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen in soil. Available phosphate in soil showed a significantly positive correlation with leaf nitrogen, phosphoric acid and calcium content, but showed a significantly negative correlation with leaf potassium content. The magnesium content in the leaves was significantly correlated with soil pH. The highest fruit weight was observed in about 25 g/kg of leaf nitrogen content which could be attained when plants were grown on the soil containing about 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content. The average soluble solids content among 16 orchards was 9.58 °Brix at harvest and 13.9 °Brix after ripening, which increased about 45%, and the average fruit weight was about 110 g. CONCLUSION(S): For fruit quality, fruit soluble solids (sugar compounds) content was significantly correlated with leaf potassium content, fruit hardiness with leaf total nitrate, calcium and magnesium, and fruit titratable acidity with leaf magnesium; however, leaf calcium and magnesium negatively affect the soluble solids contents in fruits.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the chemical constituents and physical properties of burley tobacco (1988； Burley 21. 1989； Burley 21 and KB 101) during successive two years. KB 101 was low in total nitrogen and total alkaloid contents and potassium/total nitrogen ratio of cured leaf. but high in the lightness, red and yellow color and filling power, comparing to Burley 21. The increasing rates of total nitrogen and total alkaloid contents were larger when nitrogen applied to 22.75kg/10a, but they were smaller when nitrogen applied above 22.75 kg/l0a. The potassium content, potassium/total nitrogen ratio, filling power and shatter resistance index of cured leaf were decreased by nitrogen fertilizer addition. The potassium content and shatter resistance index were increased by potassium fertilizer addition. The effect of nitrogen rate on the potassium/total nitrogen ratio of cured leaf was larger than the effect of potassium rate. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.75 kg/l0a, there were no advantageous effects on the chemical and physical properties. It is considered to be sufficient that the potassium application is about 35.0 kg/l0a.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1988

Five soybean varieties of two early maturing ; Karikei 73 and ss 79168, and three late maturing ; Tohoku 76, Baegunkong and Jangbaegkong were used and evaluated in the study. Of the varieties examined, Karikei 73 was characterized by the delayed leaf senescence. To investigate the periodical trends of nitrogen in plant organs and their roles to the nitrogen fixing activity of root nodules, the concentrations of nitrogen in plant organs during the grain filling period were measured. High positive correlation was recognized between the amount of nitrogen in plant parts and p-ARA, suggesting the higher the activity of nitrogen fixation the greater the amount of nitrogen in plant. But the relationship between the concentration of nitrogen in plant and s-ARA was positive at R4. but negative at R6. This was inferred that the high concentration of nitrogen at R4 gave accelerating effects on s-ARA by increasing the activity of photosynthesis in leaf-blades, while the reduced activity of photosynthesis in leaf-blades at R6 resulted in continued degradation of nitrogenous compounds in plant, and then high concentration of nitrogen in plants brought reduced supply of sugars to nodules.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 1973

The concept of "adaptability to heavy nitrogen" of rice plant was reconsidered in view of productivity with Jinheung (leading local variety) and IR667 (semi tropical variety) under the field condition. The results are as follows; 1. IR667 had higher yield and leaf area index at high nitrogen level than Jinheung. 2. IR667 increased more panicles, spikelets, filled grain ratio and grain weight by increasing nitrogen. 3. IR667 showed higher productive efficiency of grain and leaf area per unit nitrogen. 4. IR667 was higher in the productive efficiency of grain per unit leaf area. 5. IR667 appeared as panicle and spikelet number type and Jinheung as grain weight type according to yield components. 6. These results indicate that IR667 has greater productive adaptability to heavy nitrogen under the field condition.