• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.119-122
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• 2002

Soil contaminants are common in industrialized sites, They can affect directly soil and indirectly ground water and food. Soil mutagens and carcinogens are of great interest due to their potentially hazardous effects on human health. The aim of this study was to monitor the genotoxicity of contaminated soils, Soil leachates were collected from two polluted sites and one control site in Cheongju. Tradescantia BNL 4430 clone was used as experimental matierials. Chromosomal damages induced by soil leachates were detected by the Tradescantia-micronucleus assay. It is known from the result that Tradescantia-micronucleus assay is an excellent botanical tool for detection of biological risk due to environmental toxicants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.175-184
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• 1997

The Seokdae Waste Landfill is a middle-sized site used from June, 1987 to May, 1993. Many joints and faults are developed in andesitic rocks and rhyolitic rocks distributed at the landfill. The chemical analyses of leachates, streams and groundwaters sampled in July, 1996 and June, 1997 show that the concentrations of leachates and streams were decreased, and that the groundwater qualities became worse. The groundwater contamination is deeply extended to not only shallow groundwater but also bedrock-groundwater around the Seokdae Waste Landfill Area. The range of groundwater contamination by the leachates is about 500 m to the west and about 1 km to the south from the boundaries of the waste landfill. The development of monitoring wells and pumping wells, the construction of a leachate-treatment facilities, and the adjustment of the existing grout curtains are necessary for the control of water pollution at the Seokdae Waste Landfill Area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1113-1126
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• 2000

Humic substances present in landfill leachates were extracted and their characteristics were analyzed with respect to landfilling age as a basic study to evaluate the effect of humic substances on the transport and transformation of other pollutants in pollution plume contaminated by landfill leachate. Element analysis of the extracted humic substances were performed. The information on the functional groups of the humic substances molecules were obtained from the spectroscopic analysis using UV-visible, FT/IR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural characteristics of the humic substances were also analyzed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy. From the results of the analyses it was found that the structure of the humic substances present in landfill leachates was more aliphatic than aromatic relative to other common humic substances extracted from natural soils and water. The results indicate that the degree of humification of the humic substances were relatively low. The degree of humification, however, was increased as the landfilling age was increased.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1991

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a common cultivated and wild deciduous tree in the temperate regions of Pakistan and elsewhere. A bare or poor understorey of wild or cultivated species is frequently observed beneath and around it. Soil analysis indicated insignificant differences in nutrient status of soils taken from areas with or without walnut influence. Field investigations revealed that the height, shoot, fresh and dry weight of potato, turnip, corn and bean significantly decreased in the walnut-influenced parts of the field compared to their counter-parts in the same field but without walnut influence. Aqueous extracts from various parts, shoot litter, natural rain leachates and soil collected from beneath walnut significantly reduced the germination, early seedling growth, fresh and dry weight, and moisture contents of corn, turnip and bean in various laboratory experiments. Ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, vanillic, jJ-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and gallic acid were identified as the possible allelopathic substances in the aquous extracts and rain leachates of the walnut tree. The findings suggest that the observed poor growth of crops is due to allelopathic effects of walnut.walnut.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 1993

Soils of four combinations, sand with high content of organic matter(SL), sand with low content of OM(SS), siltyl loam with high content of OM(LL) and silty loam with low content OM (LS), were filled on column and then percolated with simulated sulfuric acid rain with pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5. From soil leachates, pH and concentrations of basic cations and Al were determined. Cation concentrations in the leachates increased as pH of the rain decreased. The orders of buffering capacity of soil, leachability of cation from soil, leaching sensitivity of ion andbase saturation sensitivity of soil to acidity of the rain water were SS$\leq$K <$\leq$LL

• Water for future
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 1992

There are needs to examine the consequences of a regulation in effect to control the migration of leachates from disposal sites. The main objective of this study is to illustrate the methodology to evaluate basic disposal designs for compliance with a certain regulation, The "100/100 rule" is selected for demonstration purpose which dictates that the time for the leachates to travel a horizontal distance of 100feet (30.5m) away from the property where the landfill or pond is located must exceed 100 years. The two primary methods for disposal of ash from coal-fired utility plants, landfill and pond, are studied, Numerical groundwater flow analysis resulted in pressure head distribution and flux information in the cross-section of the domain while path line analysis provided travel path and time of leachate migration to compliance zone.ance zone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1992.12a
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• pp.33-66
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• 1992

Recently, waste landfills built on seashores have been increased because of the easy availability of broad area near the urban communities. To evaluate the performance of the marine clay landfill liner numerical contaminant transport analyses are performed by selecting the typical section of a waste landfill built on seashores and using hydraulic conductivity data obtained from the site. Also, the laboratory electrical resistivity test and the in-situ corrosion test are performed in order to analyze the influence of the soil and leachates composing the landfills on the construct ion materials. From the results of contaminant transport analyses, it is shown that the leachates can be migrated faster through narrow pervious channels than the wide homogeneous pervious tedium and the importance of good quality barriers to prevent the contaminant migration is recognized. In the laboratory electrical resistivity test all the earth materials except the cover soils saturated with distilled water have small resistivities, which shows a high potential of corrosivity of soils composing landfills. However, the degree of corrosion of specimens buried in the landfills was not so severe except the zinc and carbon steel specimens. This apparently conflict results present the necessity of the investigation of other major factors and the long term in-situ corrosion test.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find out buffer capacities of forest soils by the treatment of simulated acid rain(SAR) of four forests(Q. spp., P. rigida, P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis) in Kyunghee university's practice forest. All soils of each forest stand were treated by simulated acid rain at the level of pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 respectively. The result obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: Soil pH was measured by soil depth of each forest stand. The deeper soil depth was, the higher soil pH was. Also it was appeared that base saturation of sample soils was the highest as 17.42% in P. rigida stand and cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) was the highest as 29.87 me/100 g in Q. spp. stand. for responses of soil leachates to acidification treatment with pH 3.0 simulated acid rain(SAR), as simulated acid rain(SAR)-input was increased, pH value of soil leachates appeared high temporarily, but soon pH value of soil leachates had been low gradually. At the rest of pH 4.0, pH 5.0 treatment, pH value of soil leachates was high proportionably. The amounts of TBC of primary stage had a difference as pH level of simulated acid rain and forest stands. But as simulated acid rain(SAR)-input was increased. Amount of TBC was diminished. Also the amounts of TBC of primary stage in acidification treatment with pH 3.0, 4.0 simulated acid rain(SAR) was higher that of acidification treatment with pH 5.0 simulated acid rain(SAR). These trend showed obvious difference at low soil acidity and high TBC. The amounts of activity Al of primary stage appeared high as increasing the input acidity of simulated acid rain(SAR). Also, by soil depth, the amounts of Activity Al was different between A layer(0-15 cm) and AB layer(0-30 cm). There was considerable the correlation between simulated acid rain-input and activity Al change. But this was oppositional trend in soil leachates of pH 4.0, 5.0 treatment and total base cations(TBC).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2023

This batch experiment was conducted to investigate the patterns of major plant nutrients in the leachates from the soil that was incorporated with rice hull biochar adjusted pH with dry fish powder utilizing rice hull biochar for loading the soil microorganisms. The rice hull biochar adjusted pH between 6.0 and 7.0, and the mixture ratio of rice hull biochar and dry fish powder was 4:6. The treatments consisted of three; the soil incorporated with rice hull biochar non-adjusted pH with dry fish powder as control (RB + DF), the soil incorporated with rice hull biochar adjusted pH by pyroligneous acid solution and dry fish powder (RBP+DF), and the soil incorporated with rice hull biochar adjusted pH by citric acid solution and dry fish powder (RBC+DF). NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P, and K concentrations in the leachates were analyzed during incubation. The accumulated NH₄-N and PO₄-P concentrations in the leachates from the RBC+DF treatment were the highest during leaching periods. The highest accumulated NO₃-N and K concentrations in the leachates from the RBP+DF treatment were observed. It observed that NH₄-N and PO₄-P were more released in the adjusted citric acid solution, but NO₃-N and K were less released than those in the pyroligneous acid solution due to their low absorption capacity. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate crop growth responses to the soil incorporated with adjusted pH rice hull biochar and dry fish powder for loading soil microorganisms.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2007

An analytical method using ion-exchange chromatography was developed for simultaneous quantification of low-molecularweight organic acids ($C_1-C_6$ aliphatic carboxylic acids) and inorganic anions, and then applied to the assessment of ground water contaminated by leachates from a municipal solid waste landfill. Peak interferences of halide ions to organic acids were removed by pretreatment of water samples with Ag-containing cartridges. This method allowed accurate detection of low-molecular weight organic acids (i.e., formate, acetate, propionate, pyruvate, succinate, and oxalateas) low as 0.5 mg/L with a linear dynamic range up to 20 mg/L within 11 min run time along with typical inorganic anions. High level of pyruvate and low level of formate and acetate were detected in groundwater and landfill leachates using the analytical method. Pyruvate concentration in groundwater showed a significant correlation with concentrations of $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3^-$, and pyruvate levels decreased along the downgradient from the landfill, indicating the sources of pyruvate are landfill leachate.