• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

본 시험은 시중에 유통되고 있는 일반 건조 잔반을 AO 배양물로서 산란계에 급여하여, 산란계의 생산성과 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험축은 평균 체중이 $1.5\pm0.5kg$인 50주령 산란계(ISA-Brown)를 공시하였고, 기초사료로 산란계 중기 사료를 급여하였으며, 시험사료는 대조구(Control), 잔반사료(FW)와 AO 배양물사료(AFW)를 각각 $25\%,\;50\%,\;75\%$씩 기초사료를 대체하여 총 7처리구, 3반복, 반복당 8수씩 168수를 공시하였다. 시험기간 중 사료섭취량에서 전처리구간 차이는 없었으나, FW구의 $50\%$ 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소했고, 산란률에 있어서는 대조구 $89.8\%$에 비해 AFW $25\%$ 처리구에서는 차이가 없었으나, 전 처리구에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 음수량은 잔반 사료의 대체 수준에 따라 증가하였다(p<0.05). 난중, 난각 두께 및 난각 강도는 전 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 호우유니트와 난황색에서는 남은 음식물 사료의 첨가에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05) $50\%$ 이상의 첨가에서는 차이가 없었다. 남은 음식물사료의 첨가에 따른 난황내 콜레스테롤 함량에는 전 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과로부터, 잔반 사료는 산란율을 떨어뜨리지만, 난질 개선에 효과가 있고, 산란계 사료의 첨가제로서 AO 접종 잔반 사료의 사용이 가능할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The effects of microbial phutase on laying performance and phosphorus utilization were examined at different levels of dietary nonphosphorus(NPP) in 320 23-week-old Hy-line brown hens for 12weeks. Diets were formulated 0.275%(T1), 0.220%(T2), 0.165%(T3) of NPP levels, and supplemental microbial phytase was 300DPU/kg diet constantly. Conventional diet(C) was formulated 0.275% NPP level without microbial phytase. Egg production and egg mass were higher in T2 than the others (p<0.05), and average egg weight was higher in T1 than the other (p<0.05). Egg productivity was tended to increase with supplemental phytase compared to conventional diet. Daily feed intake a hen also increased in T2 (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was improved slightly without significant difference. Eggshell breaking strength and thickness were not different significantly among the treatments. Haugh unit and yolk color were also not different. Calcium and phosphorus retention in body increased in T2 (p<0.05), but dry matter and nitrogen retention were not different significantly. Differences in nitrogen and calcium excretions were not found among the treatments. But phosphorus excretion decreased in order of dietary phosphorus levels with supplement phytase compared to C (p<0.05). Tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus were similar among the treatments. In conclusion, supplemental microbial phytase in laying diet may help to utilize phytase phosphorus, and could decrease NPP intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.994-998
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of superdosing phytase on productive performance and egg quality in laying hens. Methods: A total of 200 42-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted into 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates consisting of 8 hens per replicate. The positive control (PC) and negative control diets (NC) were prepared based on the recommended P levels in layer diets. Supplemental phytase was added to the negative control diet at 10,000 (SD10), 20,000 (SD20), or 30,000 (SD30) fytase units (FTU)/kg. Productive performance was summarized for 6 weeks from 42 weeks to 47 weeks of age. Egg quality was assessed from 4 eggs per replicate randomly collected at the conclusion of the experiment. Results: The SD20 treatment had greater (p<0.05) hen-day egg production than PC, NC, and SD10 treatment groups. There was no difference in hen-day egg production between SD20 and SD30 treatment groups. However, SD30 treatment had greater (p<0.05) hen-day egg production than PC treatment, but showed no difference in hen-day egg production as compared to NC and SD10 treatment groups. However, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments. Egg quality including eggshell strength, eggshell color, egg yolk color, and haugh unit was not influenced by dietary treatments. Conclusion: Superdosing level of 20,000 FTU/kg phytase in diets has a positive effect on egg production rate, but no beneficial effect on egg quality in laying hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1996

본 시험은 산란계에 대한 오전사료와 오후사료의 별도 급여가 산란능력과 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 ISA Brown 산란계 480수를 공시하여 32~36주령, 52~56주령 및 72~76주령에 각각 4주간씩 실시되었다. 대조구(C)는 관행적인 산란계 단일 배합사료를 급여하였고 시험구들(T$_1$, T$_2$, T$_3$, T$_4$ 및 T$_{5}$)은 고에너지-고단백질-저Ca의 오전사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고C3의 오후사료를 별도로 급여하였다. 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균난중은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 산란율과 1일 산란량은 대조구(C)에 비해 오전사료와 오후사료를 별도로 급여한 시험구(T$_{1}$~T$_{5}$)들이 유의하게 높았고(P<0.05), 그 중에서도 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca 공급제를 제외한 사료를 오전에 급여하고 Ca 공급제를 두 배로 첨가한 사료를 오후에 급여하는 T$_2$ 처리가 가장 높았다. 2. 1일 1수당 사료, ME 및 CP 섭취량은 대조구(C)에 비해 시험구들(7,~Ts)이 유의하게 적었다. 3. 산란 kg당 소요된 사료, ME 및 CP 요구량도 대조구(C) 에 비해 시험구들(T$_1$ ~T$_{5}$)이 적었다(p<0.05). 4. 1일 1수당 사료비는 대조구(C)에 비해 시험구(T$_1$ ~T$_{5}$) 들이 낮았으며(P<0.05), 산란 kg당 사료비도 시험구들이 대조구보다 낮았고(P<0.05), 시험구들 중에서는 T$_2$ 가 가장 낮았다. 결론적으로 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca공급제를 제외한 사료를 오전에 급여하고 Ca공급제를 두배로 첨가한 사료를 오후에 급여하는 T$_2$ 처리로 사양하면 난중에는 차이가 없으나 산란율이 4.3% 향상되고, 1일 1수당 사료 ME 및 CP 섭취량을 각각 6.2%, 5.0%, 5.5% 감소시킬 수 있으며, 산란 kg당 사료, ME및 CP 요구량은 각각 11.5%, 10.3%, 10.3%가 감소되어, 1일 1수당 사료비와 산란 kg 당 사료비를 각각 5.2% 와 10.5% 씩 절감할 수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 산란계 사료내 복합효소제의 첨가가 난각특성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 47주령 ISA Brown산란계 144수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 사료(CON; 기초사료), 기초사료에 복합효소제를 0.7% 첨가한 구(ME0.1; 기초사료 + 0.1%복합효소제), 기초사료에 복합효소제를 0.2% 첨가한 구(ME0.2; 기초사료 + 0.2% 복합효소제)로 3개 처리로 구성되었다. 총 28일간의 사양시험 기간 동안, 산란을, 난중, 난각강도 그리고 난각두께에 있어서 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 난황색에 있어서는 복합효소제를 첨가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 난황계수에 있어서도 복합효소제의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 높아졌다. 건물 소화율에서 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 질소 소화율에 있어서는 복합효소제의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다. 결론적으로, 산란계 사료내 복합효소제의 첨가가 난황색, 난황계수 그리고 질소 소화율을 향상시키는 것으로 사료된다

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 1994

Three dietary ME levels of 3,200, 2,900 and 2,600 kcal /kg in the same 13% single-stage low protein diet were compared to evaluate the effect of ME levels of grower diets on egg-type pullet growth and subsequent laying performance. As the ME levels of grower diets decreased, cumulative feed and protein consumptions increased(P<0.05), however, the ME intake and body weight at 18 wk of age decreased(P<0.05). Grower feed cost decreased as the dietary ME level was decreased, but no significant difference was found among dietary ME levels of grower diets. During the laying period, sexual maturity, hen-day egg production and average egg weight were not significantly affected by the ME levels of grower diet, however, daily feed intake and feed required per egg decreased as the dietary ME level of grower diet was reduced(P<0.05). Results of this study indicate that pullets can be reared on the low ME diet of 2,600 kcal /kg and it would he economical to utilize the low energy diet during the growing period when they are reared on a 13% single-stage low protein diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1989

Studies were conducted to compare the utilization of dietary calcium between brown laying Tsaiya duck and Leghorn hen. Birds were fed corn-soybean diets containing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0% calcium, respectively, with five birds per treatment. The metabolizability of calcium was determined by the indicator method. Experiments were conducted three times each at the age of 27, 31 and 36 weeks. Results appeared that duck eggs were heavier with better shell quality in comparison with hen eggs. Ducks fed 1% calcium diet resulted in severely depressed egg production (19%), but not for hens which still had 56% egg production. The metabolizability of calcium for hens was significantly higher than that for ducks (P<0.05) when both were fed diets containing 1 or 2% calcium. As the dietary calcium level was increased to 3 to 5%, there was no significant difference in calcium metabolizability between ducks and hens. When the dietary calcium was between 2 to 5%, the ducks retained more calcium than did the hens. Plasma calcium content for both hens and ducks fed 1% calcium diet was about the same. When the amount of the dietary calcium was increased to 2-5%, the plasma calcium level of ducks was approximately 7-10 mg/dl higher than that of hens. The calcium content in the egg shell of duck was significantly higher than that of hens, too. As the dietary calcium level was increased, there was a decreased magnesium content in the eggshell of hens, but not for ducks. The magnesium level in the eggshell was higher in hens than that in ducks. It is concluded that ducks could retain significantly more calcium and maintain higher plasma calcium level which might be the reason for larger eggs with better shell quality by ducks.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2001

This study conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Fermkito 50 on the egg production and egg quality hens. One hundred forty four, 50 weeks old ISA brown commercial layer, were used in a 28 d growth assay. Dietary treatments included 1) control(basal diet), 2) FERMO.5(based diet+0.5% Fermkito), 2) FERM1.0(basal diet+1.0% Fermkito), 3) FERM+YU(basal diet+0.5% Fermkito and 0.05% yucca extract). Overall (d 0 to 28), egg production tended to increase as the concentration of Fermkito 50 in the diets was increased without significant difference(P〈0.05). As adding level of Fermkito 50 increased in the diets, egg weight tended to increase. Laying hens fed FERM+YU diet were higher egg weight than laying hens fed control diet(P〈0.05). Egg shell breaking strength was not influenced by Fermkito 50. As adding level of Fermkito 50 was increased in the diets, yolk color tended to increase. Laying hens fed FERM+YU diet had improved egg yolk index compared to laying hens fed control diet. Total-cholesterol of egg yolk in FERM1.0 and FERM+YU treatments was significantly decreased compared to that in control diet(p〈0.05). Total-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum tended to increase as the concentration of Fermkito 50 in the diets was decreased(P〈0.05). Also, HDL-cholesterol concentration in serum with FERM1.0 and FEUM+YU treatments was significantly higher than control diet(P〈0.05). However, LDL-cholesterol concentration in serum with FERM1.0 and FERM0.5+YU treatments was significantly lower than control diet(P〈0.05). In conclusion, supplemental Fermkito 50 in laying hen diets can be used to improve egg quality.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1996

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA), known as an effective anticarcinogen in several aminal models, on the egg production and egg weight of laying hens, and the weight gains of broilers were investigated. CLA was synthesized from corn oil by the alkaline isomerization method and purified by the low-temperature precipitation method. Diets for laying hens and for broilers were synthesized to meet the specification of their NRC standard rationals. Two separated experiments(Experiment I and II) were conducted for laying hens. in experiment I, 45 hens(300 days of age) were divided into 15 hens per treatment group; each hen was housed in wired cage located in a temperature and humidity-controlled house and adopted to the control diet. One week later, each group was subjected to one the four treatment groups for 5 weeks : control, 1.0% CLA, 2.5% CLA and 5.0% CLA diets. Diet and water were ad libitum. The condition of experiment II was the same as that of experiment I except for the addition of 5% corn oil diet and the extension of feeding period to 7 weeks. Egg production, egg weight and feed intake were recorded every week. Forty-five broilers(10day of age) were adopted to the control diet for a week and then switched to the treatment diets for 5 weeks : control, 1.0% CLA, 2.5% CLA, 5% CLA and 5% corn oil, Body weight and feed intake of broilers were measured every week. Diets supplemented with various amounts of CLA enhanced the egg production and increased the egg weight regardless laying hen's age(150 days or 300 days) as compared to control diet. The most effective diet for the egg production and egg weight of young hens(150 days of age) was found to be 1.0% CLA diet, but relatively higher CLA diet(2.5% CLA) was required for old hens (300 day of age) to obtain similar results as seen in younger hens. All hens treated with CLA ate greater amount of feed than control hens. Broilers treated with various amount of CLA ate less feed as compared to control ones, but the body weight gain was greater than the control broilers. These results indicate that CLA enhanced the egg production and agg weight of laying hens, and increased the body weight gain of broilers with less diet consumption.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

관행적인 산란계 사료와 관행적 산란계 사료에서 칼슘 공급제를 배제한 저 칼슘사료의 2가지 배합사료를 급여하면서 각각 오후 3$\~$4시에 일반적인 관행사료의 칼슘 공급제 배합량의 1$\~$3배의 칼슘 공급제(석회석)를 추가로 공급할 경우 산란능력과 사료섭취량, 사료효율 및 난각질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 480수의 갈색산란계를 공시하여 10주간 사양시험을 실시한 결과 산란율은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 평균난중은 처리간에 유의성은 인정되었으나(P<0.05)처리 간에 일정한 경향은 보이지 않았다. 칼슘공급제가 들어있지 않은 배합사료의 1일 1수당 섭취량은 2가지 배합사료에서 모두 칼슘공급제의 추가공급량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 칼슘공급제를 포함한 사료의 섭취량은 칼슘공급제의 추가공급량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 칼슘공급제가 들어있지 않은 배합사료의 산란 kg당 요구율은 2가지 배합사료에서 모두 칼슘공급제의 추가공급량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 칼슘공급제를 포함한 사료의 산란 kg당 요구율은 칼슘공급제의 추가공급량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05).계란의 비중은2가지 배합사료에서 모두 칼슘공급제의 추가공급량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였고(P<0.05), 난각 파괴강도와 난각 후도는 모두 처리간에 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 칼슘 공급제 추가공급량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 고칼슘의 관행산란계사료를 계속 급여하는 대신 관행산란계 사료에서 칼슘 공급제를 배제한 저칼슘의 사료를 급여하면서 칼슘 요구량이 증가하는 오후 3$\~$4시 이후에 충분한 칼슘 공급제를 추가 공급하면 사료섭취 량과 사료요구율을 감소시키고 난각질을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.