• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 2013

Purpose: We evaluate clinical manifestations and radiologic features of ankle fracture & dislocation, as well as the usefulness of computed tomography on posterior ankle fracture & dislocation to study factors contributing to ankle fracture & dislocation. Material and Methods: Ankle dislocation was defined as the center of talar body being translated over the cortex of tibia on AP or lateral view on simple X-ray. Surgical treatments of 30 patients from January 2007 to March 2012 were categorized according to the injury mechanism, the direction of dislocation and fracture site. Joint involvement of posterior malleoalr fracture was evaluated through simple x-ray and computed tomography. We treated surgically if posterior malleolus fracture involves more than 25% of dital tibial articular surface. Thereafter, clinical outcomes were identified through radiographs and by using the AOFAS score. Results: The mean age was 42(13-78) years old, and slip down was the most common injury mechanism (13 cases). Car accident (6 cases) and fall accident (4 cases) were the next frequently found injury mechanisms. As for the types of ankle fracture, posterior fracture and dislocation (21 cases, 43.3%) was most commonly found. Out of these 21 cases, 15 cases involved trimalleolar fracture, and 19 cases were associated with posterior malleolar fracture. Danis-weber type B and C patients were 11 cases and 10 cases respectively. Articular involvement of posterior malleolar fracture turned out to be average 27.9%(5.1%~49.1%) on simple x-ray. The rate was evaluated as average 31.7%(12.6%~55.3%) on computed tomography which was conducted 15 times, and led us to more meaningful data. Conclusion: Anterolateral fracture and dislocation often accompanied open dislocation. Posterior fracture dislocation was most commonly found. Posterior malleolus was an important factor that ensures posterior stability of the ankle joint. Computed tomograph is useful to evaluate the articular involvement of posterior malleolar fracture.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.189-192
• /
• 2017

Thirteen dogs were diagnosed as congenital extrahepatic single PSS by intraoperative mesenteric portovenography or computed tomographic examination, repair surgery was performed by using an ameroid constrictor. Hepatic size was measured from the right lateral view using liver length/T11 length ratio. This measurement was performed on follow-up check of PSS ligation patients. Hepatic size parameter of pre-operative PSS patients is $4.13{\pm}0.13$ (range, 3.11-4.83). After surgery, hepatic size parameter of post-operative PSS patients is $4.79{\pm}0.19$ (range, 3.78- 5.93). Although follow-up periods varied 2 and 26 weeks, all patients showed increased liver size compared to that on pre-operative radiographs (P < 0.01). The increase rate was 1.01-1.46 times than those of preoperative radiographs. But in 5 patients, post hepatic liver size was small compared to the others, which showed low increase rate of body weight, total protein, albumin, and glucose level. It was thought that small value of hepatic size parameter was due to delay of hepatic regeneration. In conclusion, radiographic hepatic size parameter of pre- and post-operative patients is considered an effective evaluation for restoring after PSS surgery.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2013

In this study, biomechanical stability of the newly developed revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) was evaluated through strain and stress distribution analysis within the implanted proximal tibia using a three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. 2000N of compressive load (about 3 times body weight) was applied to the condyle surface on spacer, sharing by the medial (60%) and lateral (40%) condyles simulating a stance phase before toe-off. The results showed that PVMS within the revision total knee arthroplasty and the proximal tibia were less than yield strength considering safe factor 4.0 (rTKA: less than 10%, Cortical bone: less than 70%, Cancellous bone: less than 70%). The materials composed of them and the strain and stress distributions within the proximal tibia were generally well matched with those of a traditional revision total knee arthoplasty (Scorpio TS revision system, Stryker Corp., Michigan, USA) without the critical damage strain and stress, which may reduce the capacity for bone remodeling, leading to bone degeneration. This study may be useful to design parameter improvement of the revision total knee arthoplasty in biomechanical stability point of view beyond structural stability of revision total knee arthoplasty itself.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.493-500
• /
• 2001

Objective : Anterior cervical locking plates are the devices for achieving anterior cervical spinal fusion. This study was conducted to evaluate the locking plate system regarding its long-term advantages and disadvantages in the view of interbody fusion rate, hardware-related failures, vertebral change close to the fusion segment and postoperative complications. Method : Eight-six patients, operated from Jan., 1996 to Jun. 1998, were followed-up for more than two years. All of the cases were fused with iliac bone graft and ORION locking plate(Sofamor Danek USA, Inc., Memphis, TN) fixation. The patients were discharged or transferred to rehabilitation department 2-7 days after operation. A comprehensive evaluation of the interbody fusion state, instrument failure, vertebral change and postoperative complications were made by direct interview and cervical flexion-extension lateral plain films. Results : There were 55 male and 31 female with a mean age of 45 years(18-75 years). The mean follow-up period was 29 months(24-43 months). Various disorders that were operated were 40 cervical discs, 6 cervical stenosis including OPLL, 2 infections, and 38 traumas. Fusion level was single in 59 cases, two levels of each disc space in 15 cases, and two levels after one corpectomy in 12 cases. There was no instrument failure. Pseudoarthrosis was observed in two cases(2%) without radiological instability. The other patients(98%) showed complete cervical fusion with stable instrument. Mild settling of interbody graft with upward migration of screws was found in 12 cases(14%). Anterior bony growth at the upper segment was found in 5 cases(6%). Postoperative foreign body sensation or dysphagia was observed in 12 cases(4%), and disappeared within one month in 7 cases and within six months in 4 cases. One patient complained for more than six months and required reoperation to remove paraesophageal granulation tissue. Conclusion : The results show that Orion cervical locking plate has some disadvantages of upward migration of screws, anterior bony growth at the upper segment, or possibility of esophageal compression even though it has advantages of high interbody fusion rate or low instrument failure. Author believe that anterior cervical locking plate in the future should be thinner, and should have short end from the screw hole, and movable screw with adequate stability.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.462-466
• /
• 1997

Primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma is characteristically seen in young males presenting with the symptomes of cough, chest pale, and gynccomastia. A 33-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of severe dyspnea and chest pain which was aggravated rapidly 2 or 3 days ago. Posterior mcdiastinal mass measuring about 1 cm in diameter was seen in Chest P-A, left lateral view of chest, and chest CT. Serum $\beta$-HCG level was markedly elevated up to 200, 000 mIxt. Whole body CT and other studies could not find any lesion on ovary and uterus. But, a single nodule nEeasuring about 1 cm in diameter was identified in the brain CT. The tumor cells (syncytiotrophoblastic cells) from resected mass revealed positivity on i histochemical staining for $\beta$-HCG. She was treated with EMA-CO after resection of tumor, But, 7 months later, she was readmitted and showed cerebral hemorrhage due to metastatic choriocarcinoma. She was operated again for the brain tumor, and was doing well for further 7 months.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.159-177
• /
• 2006

Governance systems are basically an autonomous cooperation type among the government, civil society and market, also a new paradigm for efficient and democratic administration of policies. The governance mainly consists of the central operating body, institutions, operating principles and so on. The constituents are the nation(government), civil society(NGO) and market(firm). Institutional conditions are a legitimate base, financial stability and independency. And as a operating principle, governance systems have common goals and issues from a national and social point of view. This governance has been recently emerged due to financial risk of government, diffusion of new liberalism going with the globalization, localization-decentralization, and development of civil society and information-oriented society. We have to grope fur the framework of participatory agri- policy confronting globalization and localization as well as developing our agriculture and rural village. This agri-policy governance should be theoretically focused on policy network or self-organizing network or multi-lateral governance (MLG) based on NPM. Also, it is proper to have connection of nation-central type and civil society-central type. And it is necessary to have a MLG type with local governance corresponding to localization and decentralization. Governance should have the type whose participants have authority and responsibility as well. Basic directions of environmentally friendly agri-policy governance are as follows : first, its purposes are constructing the democratic and efficient framework of participatory environmentally friendly agri-policy based on consensus of all the related groups, embodying environmentally friendly agri-policy adjusted to local field, raising farmer's real interest, and improving their position. Second, its form should have a council or an agreement system, not an advisory or a consultation organ. Thus, public sector(eg. government) and voluntary sector(eg. farmers' organization) jointly execute agricultural policy and are responsible together. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance is mainly made up of farmers' organization, cooperative and civil society(NGO). And secondary bodies are agribusinesses and academic groups. Government interacts with the main bodies on administrative execution. And environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has MLG type with a central unit, province and county units. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has several main functions such as agri-policy partnership, speaking for farmer's rights and interests, investigation and research on domestic and foreign agricultural streams, and etc. Especially, local unit will play roles in activation for regional agriculture, consulting on technique and management, education and training services, services entrusted by government, and so on.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2008

Objective : Spondylothesis is a disease which sagittal facet of vertebral body's invariable alignment is being broken and vertebral body being pushed forward. Main pattern of spondylothesis is isthmic spondylothesis by isthmus defect or fracture, degenerative spondylothesis occurred by desiccated change of intervertebral disc or vertebral condyle joint's ligament. The purpose of this study is to assess the difference of the Pelvic angles, Lumbosacral angles, Pelvic tilt, and Lumbar lordotic angles of the spondylothesis patients. Methods : We analyzed the lateral view of lumbar spine of 49 isthmic spondylothesis patients, 45 degenerative spondylothesis patients and 26 patients who haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. We investigated each patient's pelvic angle, lumbosacral angle, pelvic tilt and lumbar lordotic angle. Results and Conclusion : 1. Pelvic incidence, in cases of degenerate spondylothesis patients, is higher than spondylothesis patients but shows less significance. On the contrary significance is higher than the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 2. Lumbosacral incidence, in cases of isthmic spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than degenerative spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 3 Pelvic tilt, in cases of degenerative spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than isthmic spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 4. Lumbar lordotic angle, in cases of isthmic spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than degenerative spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 5. Degenerative spondylothesis patient shows specific impression, a forwardly moved high femoral axial and as a result of large lumbrosacral angle and lumbar lordotic angle shows specific impression, an increased weight pressure on sacrum.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2013

A scaled version of a roller rig is developed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of a railway vehicle for academic purposes. This rig is designed based on Jaschinski's similarity law. It is scaled to 1/10 of actual size and allows 9-DOF motion to examine the up and down vibration of a train set. The test rig consists of three sub-hardware components: (i) a driving roller mechanism with a three-phase AC motor and an inverter, (ii) a bogie structure with first and second suspensions, and (iii) the vehicle body. The motor of the rig is capable of 3,600rpm, allowing the test to simulate a vehicle up to a maximum speed of 400Km/hr. Because bearings and joints are properly connected to the sub-structures, various motion analyses, such as a lateral, pitching, and yawing motion, are allowed. The slip motion between the rail and the wheel set is also monitored by several sensors mounted in the rig. After the construction of the hardware, an experiment is conducted to obtain the natural frequencies of the dynamic behavior of the specimen. First, the test rig is run and data are collected from six sets of accelerometers. Then, a numerical analysis of the model based on the ADAMS program is derived. Finally, the measurement data of the first three fundamental frequencies are compared to the analytical result and the validation of the test rig is conducted. The results show that the developed roller rig provides good accuracy in simulating the dynamic behavior of the vehicle motion. Although the roller rig designed in this paper is intended for academia, it can easily be implemented as part of a dynamic experiment of a bogie and a vehicle body for a high-speed train as part of the research efforts in this area.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.467-475
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of static lumbar lordosis by different heel heights in normal adults and patients with herniation of nucleus pulposus(HNP). The lumbar lordosis was examined while standing on barefoot, on heel support with 4cm heel, and with 8cm heel in 10 normal adults and 10patients with HNP. Standing lumbar lateral view was performed by 20 minutes adaptation with corresponding shoe types. The angle of lumbar lordosis was taken with Wiltse and Winter's method(angles between upper margin of 1 st lumbar body and upper margin of 5th lumbar body). The results of this study were as follow: 1. Significant statistical decrease in lumbar lordosis was observed as heel heights were increased from barefoot to 8cm high heel in normal adults(p<0.05). 2. There were no significant differences in lumbar lordosis according to three different heel heights in patients with HNP(p>0.05). 3. In comparison of barefoot, There were statistically significant decrease in HNP patients compared with normal adults in terms of lumbar lordosis(p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 2010

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by various ocular and extraocular malformations. The incidence of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome has been estimated to be 1 per 200,000. The syndrome is characterized by short body stature, delayed bone age, and deficient or arrested development of neural crest cells involving the anterior chamber of the eyes, facial bones, teeth, periumbilical skin, and cardiovascular system. This is a case of a 6 year-old girl, who came to the department of the pediatric dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, for evaluation and treatment of multiple congenital missing permanent teeth. The patient presented typical dental, craniofacial, and systemic features of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, such as glaucoma, oval pupil, heterochromatic iris, umbilical hernia, and delayed bone age. On the panoramic view, 3 primary teeth were missing and 13 permanent tooth germs were absent. On the lateral cephalograph, underdevelopment of the maxilla and normal growth pattern of the mandible were confirmed. Periodic dental follow-up is planned for evaluation and interceptive treatment of her dental and craniofacial problems. Denture or removable space maintainer with a pontic is considered for esthetic and functional restoration. In addition, orthognathic surgery is also planned in future to prevent further midfacial skeletal deformation. Early diagnosis of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is very important to prevent exacerbation of complications, such as glaucoma and skeletal deformities.