• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.145-155
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• 2020

Since Campbell (1990) proposed multidimensionality of job performance, unlike the single structure of traditional job performance, it has been largely classified as task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior. The objective of this study is to validate the threecriteria currently considered major aspects of job performance, to identify different types of performance based on three dimensions, and to compare the power of personality factors among performance types. A total of 681 employees working at various organizations participated in an on-line survey. The survey included boththe exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. A 3-factor job performance model consisting of three dimensions was also included. The relationships between performance dimensions and personality factors differedby dimensions of performance, supporting the validity of the 3-factor structure of performance.The results of the Latent Profile Analysis identified four types of performance: exemplary, moderately conscientious moderate, and conscientious, butlow.. The Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed each type differed significantly according to the predictors of personality variables. In conclusion, implications and limitations of the study were noted.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2020

This paper presents ordinal probit semiparametric regression models using Bayesian Spectral Analysis Regression (BSAR) method. Ordinal probit regression is a way of modeling ordinal responses - usually more than two categories - by connecting the probability of falling into each category explained by a combination of available covariates using a probit (an inverse function of normal cumulative distribution function) link. The Bayesian probit model facilitates posterior sampling by bringing a latent variable following normal distribution, therefore, the responses are categorized by the cut-off points according to values of latent variables. In this paper, we extend the latent variable approach to a semiparametric model for the Bayesian ordinal probit regression with nonparametric functions using a spectral representation of Gaussian processes based BSAR method. The latent variable is decomposed into a parametric component and a nonparametric component with or without a shape constraint for modeling ordinal responses and predicting outcomes more flexibly. We illustrate the proposed methods with simulation studies in comparison with existing methods and real data analysis applied to a Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 for investigating nonparametric relationship between smoking behavior and coffee intake.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.121-139
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• 2019

This study aims to identify the change of customer participation(CP) which is essential to the service industry as the relationship between the customer and the employee develops. The latent growth modeling analysis based on the longitudinal data is utilized to examine the pattern of the change. This is based on the fact that CP needs to be understood in the relationship and is to confirm the change in CP by the development of the relationship. Given the dynamics of the relationship, we intend to overcome the limitations of previous cross-sectional researches by revealing the trajectory of CP in the relationship through the longitudinal data. We also want to examine which variables in the relationship can facilitate changes of CP. Research has shown that CP is significantly changed with the development of the relationship when we analyzed it through latent growth modeling. This confirms that CP needs to be understood in the relationship. In addition, 'relationship proneness' variable and 'dependence to provider' variable have positive effects on the initial values of CP, but they have not been established to promote the changes of CP. Consequently, when considering the dynamics of relationships, it is important to recognize that CP is also dynamic. This study sought to get out of the cross-sectional and fragmented understanding of CP that is dynamic. Through this, we would like to propose the successful operation of the customer management program of service firms in relation to CP. This will lead to the success of service encounter where appropriate CP levels at each stage of relationship development can be achieved.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.431-440
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the latent profiles of elementary school teachers' job stress and to explore the effects of the relative variables to determine these classifications. In addition, the differences in the teacher-student relationship and parental involvement in school based on the classification were discussed. Data from 709 elementary school teachers who participated in the 11th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children in 2018 were analyzed by Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). The findings can be summarized as follows. First, four subgroups could be defined according to the elementary school teachers' job stress: low-level job stress group, mid-level job stress group, mid-level administrative work stress group, and mid-level relationship and guidance stress group. Second, the final education and average time to work were significant determinants of the latent groups. Third, teacher-student conflict and parental involvement in school showed differences between the subgroups. Specifically, the mid-level relationship and guidance stress group reported the highest conflict level with children and the lowest parental involvement in school. These findings suggest promoting relief and preventative training programs for elementary school teachers to overcome various job stress.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2022

This study aims to 1) verify the validity of the Science self-efficacy scale and 2) perform a latent mean analysis of the background variables about a pre-service teacher. The study uses pre-tests to analyze data from 187 pre-service teachers, which uses Tark's Science self-efficacy scale (2011). To identify the factor structure, exploratory factor analysis was performed. Based on the results of the pilot test, the expert group council revised the scale for the pre-service teachers to respond to the 3-factor structure. In the main test, 354 data were analyzed through a modified Science self-efficacy scale, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The results of the study are as follows: First, in the pilot test, the pre-service teacher responded to a 3-factor instrument, but the validity of two items was examined further below. Second, the pre-service teachers responded to a 3-factor instrument on 29 items for the modified Science self-efficacy scale. The total reliability of the instrument was .886 and the reliability of each factor was analyzed as .882-.886. Finally, the latent mean analysis by gender showed that females have a higher self-regulation efficacy factor and males have a higher self-confidence factor (Cohen's d > .3). Furthermore, there is a significant difference in task difficulty preference and self-regulatory efficacy factor (Cohen's d > .8) between the college preparatory and science subject preference. This study provides important insights into and contributions to the accurate scientific self-efficacy diagnosis of pre-service teachers, as well as proposes a curriculum to improve the scientific self-efficacy of prospective teachers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

In this study, using data completed in the 11th year of the Panel Study on Korean Children, discourse management, situational adjustment and application ability, communication intention, and non-verbal communication were investigated by the child pragmatic language checklist tool in the field of cognitive and language development. It is to find a significant influence by analyzing the relationship between the factors of the observed variables on the latent variables of communication. The subject of this study is 4th grade elementary school students in 1,392 households, excluding 36 non-respondents to the language development question, out of 2150 households in the 11th year of the Panel Study on Korean Children(2018) data, 1428 households excluding 722 households who did not participate in the survey. As a result of the study, it was found that the total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect among the three latent variables except for communication intention were all significant in the effect analysis of the research model. Specifically, not only did nonverbal communication have a direct effect on discourse management ability, but also the indirect influence mediated by situational control and application ability was significant in the relationship between nonverbal communication and discourse management ability. As a result, it was found that the higher the non-verbal communication and situational adjustment and adaptation ability, the higher the discourse management ability.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2024

In this study, we explored the mediating effect of grit in the relationship between elementary school science teachers' perceived personal pedagogical content knowledge (pPCK) and enacted pedagogical content knowledge (ePCK). Drawing on insights from a review of the literature, we developed a research hypothesis model that set pPCK, ePCK, and grit as latent variables. Pearson correlation was conducted to examine the interrelationships among the latent variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was then employed to analyze the model fit. Additionally, bootstrap analysis was performed to specifically investigate the mediating effect of grit in the relationship between pPCK and ePCK. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated statistically significant correlations among the measurement variables. Meanwhile, the SEM analysis revealed that the measurement model aligned with the research hypothesis model. Furthermore, the bootstrap analysis demonstrated that grit had a statistically significant mediating effect in the relationship between elementary school science teachers' perceived pPCK and ePCK. These findings quantitatively examine the importance and impact of grit in the teacher expertise domain, providing valuable insights for the development of teachers' expertise and teacher education research within elementary school science classes.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-75
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• 1991

The objectives of this study are to conceptualize theoretically and to examine empirically the interrelationships among channel member's satisfaction, dependence, and performance being immanent between dealing partners, by integrating behavioral and economic approach to explain comprehensively the interrelationship between dealing partners in conventional marketing channel which have not studied in previous studies. To attain above objectives, latent variables and observed variables which had been immanent between licenced dealers and wholesalers in fish marketing channel were found out by exploratory study, and pre-test was conducted to select the proper variables, and then the model which could explain the interrelationships among the variables was set up. Three categories of varables were considered in this study. Namely, economic and noneconomic factors were identified as independent variable, the degree of satisfaction and dependence to dealing partner as intervening variable, and performance as dependent variable. The data for the study was obtained from a survey questionnaire of 214 licenced dealers who work in Pusan, Yusoo, and Kunsan and 190 wholesalers who work in whole country. Among them, 264 anayzable questionnaires(including 154 licenced dealers and 110 wholesalers)were collected. Statistical procedure to analyze the data was carried out by LISREL version 7. Major findings obtained from the results of the analysis are as follows. First, economic variables have a great influence on the degree of both licenced dealers' and wholesalers' satisfaction. Among economic variables, the degree of keeping wholesalers' payment date have greater influence on the degree of licenced dealers' satisfaction, and licenced dealers' faculty being able to send good fish in quality have greater influence on the degree of wholesaler's satisfaction than other variables. In short, licenced dealers make great account of wholesalers' payment, and wholesalers make great account of licenced dealers' faculty being able to send good fish in quality in dealing relationship. Second, noneconomic variables have more relevance to the degree of dependence in both sides than economic variables. This means that noneconomic variables as well as economic variables can be a factor to keep up the dealing relationship. Third, the degree of satisfaction and dependence have influence on performance in both sides. In the licenced dealers' side, the degree of dependence have greater influence on performance than the degree of satisfaction, on the other hand, in wholesalers' side, the degree of satisfaction have greater influence on performance than the degree of dependence. This means that wholesalers can easily substitute their dealing partner for another licenced dealer comparatively.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.35-52
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• 2020

Purpose Local governments in each region actively hold local festivals for the purpose of promoting the region and revitalizing the local economy. Existing studies related to local festivals have been actively conducted in tourism and related academic fields. Empirical studies to understand the effects of latent variables on local festivals and studies to analyze the regional economic impacts of festivals occupy a large proportion. Despite of practical need, since few researches have been conducted to predict the number of visitors, one of the criteria for evaluating the performance of local festivals, this study developed a model for predicting the number of visitors through various observed variables using a machine learning algorithm and derived its implications. Design/methodology/approach For a total of 593 festivals held in 2018, 6 variables related to the region considering population size, administrative division, and accessibility, and 15 variables related to the festival such as the degree of publicity and word of mouth, invitation singer, weather and budget were set for the training data in machine learning algorithm. Since the number of visitors is a continuous numerical data, random forest, Adaboost, and linear regression that can perform regression analysis among the machine learning algorithms were used. Findings This study confirmed that a prediction of the number of visitors to local festivals is possible using a machine learning algorithm, and the possibility of using machine learning in research in the tourism and related academic fields, including the study of local festivals, was captured. From a practical point of view, the model developed in this study is used to predict the number of visitors to the festival to be held in the future, so that the festival can be evaluated in advance and the demand for related facilities, etc. can be utilized. In addition, the RReliefF rank result can be used. Considering this, it will be possible to improve the existing local festivals or refer to the planning of a new festival.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.54
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• pp.173-197
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• 2016

This study aims to examine developmental trajectories and predictor variables of problem behaviors and school adjustment trajectories among children from low-income families using latent growth modeling. The data was collected from the 2nd year to the 4th year (2012-2014) of a community child center child panel survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. The major findings are as follows. First, as the grade went up, the problem behaviors of children from low-income families increased while school adjustment decreased. Second, multi-level domains, such as individual, school, and family variables influenced school adjustment trajectory, while only individual variables, such as depression, isolation, and motivation for achievement influenced problem behavior trajectory. Third, common protective factors between problem behaviors and school adjustment trajectories were motivation for achievement in and satisfaction of the community child center. Common risk factors between problem behaviors and school adjustment trajectories were isolation and aggression. Based on the results, the implications for child welfare practices were discussed.