• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 2001

The numerical simulation of the particle dispersion in the vortical flows provides insight into the mechanism of particle-fluid interaction. The simulation results show that the mixing layers are characterized by the large-scale vortical structures undergoing pairing process. The particle dispersion is strongly influenced by the large-scale structures and the particle sizes. The analysis shows that the mixing layers grows like a step-function.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
• /
• pp.1304-1307
• /
• 2004

실제 Cu CMP 공정이 진행되는 동안 연마입자의 응집현상을 관찰하긴 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인위적으로 첨가한 large particle들이 공정 중에 발생하는 응집입자라 가정하고 각 공정에 따른 연마속도와 friction force를 측정하여 large particle을 첨가하지 않은 슬러리와 비교 평가해보았다. large particle을 첨가한 슬러리의 경우에 각 공정변수에 따라 연마속도와 friction force가 작아짐을 관찰하였다. 즉, 슬러리 내에 응집현상이 발생하게 된다면 large particle이 연마의 방해 인자로 나타남을 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 2005

A novel method for simultaneously measuring the fluid velocity and the large particle velocity in a particle-containing fluid flow is developed in this study. In this method, the fluid velocity and the large particle velocity are measured by PIV and PTV, respectively. The PIV and PTV images are obtained from the same flow images. Since a PIV result represents the average displacement of all particles in an interrogation area, it will include an error caused by the relative displacement between the large particles and the fluid. In order to reduce the false influence of large particles on the PIV calculation, the mean brightness of small PIV particle images is substituted to the locations of large particles in the PIV images. The simulation results showed that the new method significantly reduces the PIV error caused by the large particles even at the case where the large particles occupy area fraction as large as $20\%$ of the full image.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제26권B호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2006

We analyzed systematically particle growth in the pulsed $SiH_4$ plasmas by a numerical method and investigated the effects of pulse modulations (pulse frequencies, duty ratios) on the particle growth. We considered effects of particle charging on the particle growth by coagulation during plasma-on. During plasma-on ($t_{on}$), the particle size distribution in plasma reactor becomes bimodal (small sized and large sized particles groups). During plasma-off ($t_{off}$), there is a single mode of large sized particles which is widely dispersed in the particle size distribution. During plasma on, the large sized particles grows more quickly by fast coagulation between small and large sized particles than during plasma-off. As the pulse frequency decreases, or as the duty ratio increases, $t_{on}$ increases and the large sized particles grow faster. On the basis of these results, the pulsed plasma process can be a good method to suppress efficiently the generation and growth of particles in $SiH_4$ PCVD process. This systematical analysis can be applied to design a pulsed plasma process for the preparation of high quality thin films.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
• /
• pp.1090-1094
• /
• 2009

Many problems in geotechnical engineering such as slop failure, debris flow, ground heaving due to embankment, and lateral flow caused by liquefaction are related to large deformation rather than small deformation. Traditional numerical methods such as finite element and finite difference methods have a difficulty to solve such large deformations because they use grids. A particle method was developed for fluid dynamics. The particle method can solve large deformation problems because it uses particles to discretize differential equations. It can also include soil constitutive model and thus solve soil behavior on various boundary conditions. In this study, a particle method, which is based on particles rather than grids, is introduced and used to simulate large deformation including soil failure. The developed method can be applied for various large deformation problems in geotechnical engineering because it incorporates soil constitutive models.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.839-844
• /
• 2012

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of single or multi-particle size limestone on the egg shell quality, egg production, egg quality and feed intake in laying hens. A total of 280 laying hens (ISA brown) were used in this 10-wk trial. Laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 14 replications per treatment and 5 adjacent cages as a replication (hens were caged individually). The experimental treatments were: i) L, basal diet+10% large particle limestone; ii) LS1, basal diet+8% large particle limestone+2% small particle limestone; iii) LS2, basal diet+6% large particle limestone+4% small particle limestone; iv) S, basal diet+10% small particle limestone. The egg production was unaffected by dietary treatments. The egg weight in S treatment was lighter than other treatments (p<0.05). The egg specific gravity in S treatment was lower than other treatments (p<0.05). The eggshell strength and eggshell thickness in S treatment were decreased when compared with other dietary treatments (p<0.05). The laying hens in LS1 and LS2 treatment had a higher average feed intake than the other two treatments (p<0.05). Collectively，the dietary multi-particle size limestone supplementation could be as efficient as large particle size limestone.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2010

Rockfill zones in CFRD consist typically of large granular materials, usually the maximum particle size up to several meters, which makes laboratory testing to determine the mechanical properties of rockfill difficult. Commonly, the design strength of the rockfills is obtained by scaling down the original rockfill materials and performing laboratory strength tests for the reduced size materials. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of particle size on the shear behavior and the strength for granular materials. A series of large-scale triaxial tests was conducted on large granular materials with the maximum particle size varying from 20 to 50mm. The test results showed that overall shear behaviors were similar between the samples with different particle sizes while there were slight differences in the magnitudes of the peak shear stress between the samples. In addition, a simulation of the granular material with the max. particle size of 20mm was performed using DEM code, $PFC^{2D}$, and compared with the test results. The deviatoric stress versus strain behaviors of experimental and numerical tests were found to be matched well up to the peak stress state.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2000

본 연구에서는 Gl5내 파티클의 각종 위치에서 발생하는 초음파 신호와 부분방전 신호의 페턴을 비교 분석하였다. 파티클 위치에 따른 초음파 신호와 부분방전 신호 패턴의 특칭은 전극 부착시 양의 반주기에서 큰 초음파 신호와 큰 부분방전 신호가 주기적으로 나타났으며, 외함 부착시에는 음의 반주기에서 큰 초음파 신호와 큰 부분 방전 신호기 주기적으로 나타났다. 그리고 스페이서 부착시에는 양, 음의 반주기에서 초음파 신호와 큰 부분방전 신호가 주기적으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 자유운동시에는 충돌에 의한 초음파 신호와 큰 부분방전 신호가 비주기적으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 초음파 신호와 부분방전 신호 패턴을 비교, 분석히변 GIS 내부에 존재하는 파티를의 위치 추정이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.239-243
• /
• 2005

The effect of pH and particle size on the dispersion stability of ultra-fine $BaTiO_3$ suspensions in aqueous medium have been investigated by means of zeta potential, sediment experiments, and powder properties (particle analysis, specific surface area) etc. Zeta potential as a function of pH for two particles of different size increases from -75 to +10 mV with decreasing pH from 8.5 to 1.4. The curve of zeta potential for small particle (150 nm) has slow slope than that of large particle (900nm), giving IEP (isoelectric point) value of pH=1.6 for small particle and pH=1.9 for large particle respectively, which means that it is more difficult to control zeta potential with pH fur small particle than large particle. The dispersion stability of $BaTiO_3$ particles in aqueous medium was found to be strongly related with the agglomeration of colloidal suspensions with time through the sedimentation behaviors of colloidal particles with time and pH value.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2003

LSPIV(Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) is widely used in the field of civil and environmental engineering. General aspects of LSPIV are introduced and several applications are introduced in this paper. The difference of LSPIV from the conventional PIV techniques is not to use models for experiments but to use the flow fields in nature. For LSPIV a converting process for the captured images is necessary.