• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2009.09a
• /
• pp.172-185
• /
• 2009

This paper presents case histories and research projects related to geotechnical challenges at waste landfill sites in Japan. Due to the limitation of inland space available to waste disposal, coastal landfills and the associated containment systems are important considerations, particularly for metropolitan areas. Experimental works on heavy metals mobility using a large column to simulate the redox potential at the coastal landfill sites are introduced. After the closure of landfill sites, they are expected to be utilized as new land space, since new space is difficult to find in urban area. In the redevelopment of such closed landfill sites, there are possibilities of environmental risks, such as generation of toxic gas and leachate, differential settlement of the waste layer, damage to the lining system. Whether the pile installation through the clay layer acting as a landfill bottom barrier is environmentally acceptable or not has been a great concern in the redevelopment of closed waste landfill sites in particular coastal landfill sites. An analytical study to evaluate the cost-effective remedial option for a dumped waste site located along a landslide area, where cut-off wall keyed into the aquitard might elevate groundwater level and thus may not be employed, is presented.

• 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.147-170
• /
• 2006

Landfill gas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by the bacterial decomposition of organic wastes, and it is considered to produce bad smells and pollute the environment. Economic trials and the developments of landfill gas, as an alternative energy resource, become known at the recent years, Resource development of landfill gas, which is managed by Korea up to now, is for the most part generation using gas engine. Medium BTU and High BTU are considered for the power generation as well. Most income of generation using gas engine is selling charge through a power plant. Expecting to manage the power plant for up to 10 years, the analysis based on revenue and expenditure shows when the unit price is 65.2 Won and the operating rate reaches 90%, it is possible to be into the black in 2012 without considering additional financial expense, It was also analyzed that the profit at a unit price of 85 Won under the anticipated rising unit price by the operating rate of 71% is larger than at the operating rate of 90% under limited unit price of 65.2 Won. It means to manage the power plant at a unit price of 65.2 Won and the operating rate must be higher than 90% for economic logicality. If we assume that the operating rate is 90% and it increases the unit price, the unit price must be higher than 85 Won for the management of a power plant. Analysis of changing a unit price, however, might be expected to have a gradual rise of prices. If there is no price rising and additional income related to CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) and emission trading upon Kyoto protocol, the management of a power plant using gas engine will get financial difficulties because of many operating expenses. However, since landfill gas is considered as a worthy energy resource for the guarantee of sustainable development and for the equity between recent generation and future generation, the development of it must be accomplished by the government's additional supporting and efforts under the interest of all stakeholder who are involved.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2018

This study has been carried out to analyze the effects of leachate recirculation on methane gas concentration in the Landfill. The monthly average on precipitation of the landfill area during the period from 2010 to 2016 has been recorded at 130.9 mm and the total precipitation was recorded at 73.7 mm for the month of June in 2017. And based on the Korea meterological administration data obtained, the water content has been anticipated to be at low level. And for the control environment testing on the effects of leachate recirculation, the reading has been carried out in relation to the methane gas concentration with the landfill site tested with average reading of 30.14%. Once the reading has been established 5 tones of leachate has been injected and the readings carried out respectively with the first reading recorded at 24.66% on June with subsequent readings carried out, 31.51 (6/24), 36.88% (7/1) and final reading carried out on 7/25 registered at 52.47%. Based on the leachate recirculation, the test showed increase of methanate concentrations with the concentration percentage showing between 50~65%.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.209-222
• /
• 2006

Odor problems brought about by deteriorating air quality occur in areas surrounding landfills because VOCs emissions from landfills are exhausted through surface soil and gas vents. Due to these factors, monitoring of VOCs emissions from landfills are essential. However, only a few studies have been carried out to assess VOCs emissions from landfills. A comprehensive approach to this problem is definitely warranted. In this study, we estimated BTEX emissions from 7 landfill sites in Korea using field experiments and LandGEM(Landfill Gas Emission Model), which is the USA EPA(Environmental Protection Agency)-recommended model for landfill gas emission estimation. For this purpose, we suitably modified the model's major input parameters $L_0$ and k according to 3 classes based on landfill scale after considering the characteristics of field experiments and LandGEM data. Consequently, we estimated VOCs emissions from landfills for cities, provinces and all of Korea alter modifying $L_0$ & k using LandGEM. Through the results of this study, we obtained essential basic data with respect to present conditions which will help us understand VOCs emissions from landfills in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.09a
• /
• pp.1213-1216
• /
• 2010

Developable areas nearby metropolitan areas, which has high the density of population are limited by highly industrialized. In recent, the redeveloping plans for the finished industrial and resident areas are pushing to resolve this problems. Getting to the exact properties for reclaimed wastes is very important to reuse of landfill. Also, a strategy for how to deal with follow-up measures have to based on the waste characteristics. A lot of environmental problems have been happened in finished waste landfill such as a nasty smell by seepage, pollution of surface and ground water, a poisonous gas and soil contamination. The environment pollution in waste landfill have been studied by many researchers. The goal of this study is estimate the effects for the ground properties with the environmental properties of waste in finished landfill. As the results, the chemical characteristics of seepage in landfill may effect directly or indirectly to capping layer. Therefore, sustainable researches are needed to develop a secure landfill over the long term.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.821-824
• /
• 2009

LFG-MGT CHP system development project with $CO_2$ enrichment in greenhouses was introduced. LFG is produced from the anaerobic digestion of landfilled waste and it has been utilized for power/heat generation since it contains around 50% of $CH_4$. Utilization of LFG from small scale landfill is also needed as well as large scale landfill. However, due to economy of scale, it is very difficult to develop business model. In this context, combining CHP system with greenhouses is considered as feasible option for LFG utilization. LFG-MGT CHP system with $CO_2$ fixation in greenhouses has been derived as an active greenhouse gas reduction strategy, The focus of the system is beyond carbon neutral LFG utilization to neutral carbon absorption. The system is feasible in terms of direct and indirect $CO_2$ emission reduction with more economical way.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 1996.12a
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 1996

The stabilization and reclamation of old disposal sites is becoming more important as significant numbers of disposal sites are closed and abandoned. This technical paper covers an overview of the key issues and methodologies for stabilizing and constructing facilities on old landfills. The slide portion of this presentation also include photographs showing actual construction activities. The key issues that are prevalent in remediating and closing old landfills are : correcting the stormwater flow, leachate breakout, constructing cover caps, controlling landfill gas migration and odors, cleanup groundwater and stabilizing side slopes. Some key techniques for constructing facilities on old landfills include： use of piling, installation of active landfill gas systems, providing LFG barriers under buildings, using utilidors and flexible utility interfaces and designing for site settlement. This Paper provides proven conceptual methods for solving these problems.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2010

Low Calorific Gas Turbine (LCGT) has been developed as a next generation power system using landfill gas (LFG) and biogas made from various organic wastes, food Waste, waste water and Livestock biogas. Low calorific fuel purification by pretreatment system and carbon dioxide fixation by green house system are very important design target for the optimum applications of LCGT. Main troubles of Low Calorific Gas Turbine system was derived from the impurities such as hydro sulfide, siloxane, water contained in biogas. Even if the quality of the bio fuel is not better than natural gas, LCGT may take low quality gas fuel and environmental friendly power system. The mechanical characterisitics of LCGT system is a high energy efficiency (>70%), wide range of output power (30 kW - 30 MW class) and very clean emission from power system (low NOx). A green house has been designed for four different carbon dioxide concentration from ambient air to 2000 ppm by utilizing the exhaust gas and hot water from LCGT system. LCGT is expected to contribute achieving the target of Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2004

The reclaimed waste layer in a completed refuse small landfill site was stabilized by JSP(Jumbo Special Pattern System) method. There were some variations of landfill gases(LFGs) after the stabilization. This study investigated the landfill gases emitted from a open dumping landfill site. We measured concentration of landfill gases before and after the construction, and 28 months later. As a result, the concentrations of $H_2S$ and $NH_3$ gases before the construction were 123.51ppm and 171.54ppm, respectively. These values were higher than TWA(Time Weighted Average) values. But the concentrations of $H_2S$ and $NH_3$ gases after the construction were 55.59ppm and 20.51ppm, and they also decreased 9.04ppm and 11.82ppm in 28 months. $CH_4$ and other landfill gases after the construction were little or a little detected in the landfill site. Hence we found out that concentrations or classes of landfill gases causing some problems extremely decreased by way of the stabilization.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2008

The objectives of this paper are to investigate states of these open dumping landfills for managing, utilizing and stabilization of a municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions. The result of the physical analysis of the landfill showed that it is composed of between 29.72-63.84% organic matter, 32.88% vinyl plastic. The environmental assessment of the landfill site confirmed that the landfill is at a maturation phase due to 0.18 of $BOD_5$/CODcr of leachate. VS and FS of TS Was respectively 30.37%, 32.34% and C/N ratio was 21.8. Surface water around landfill was BOD 10.7 mg/g, SS 37.8 mg/g, E-Coli 31,157(MPN/$100m{\ell}$) and Ground water was $COD_{Mn}$ 1.13-1.38 mg/g, $NO_3-N$ 1.025-4.075 mg/g. Leachat indicated T-P 0.002-0.028 mg/g, $NH_3-N$ 4.0-21.0 mg/g. The soil contamination of around landfill didn't appear as below of the regulation of Soil Environment Conservation Act. The Landfill Gas was $CH_4$ 13.25%, $CO_2$ 6.17%, H2S and CO was not detected. Also Surface Water was not detected $CO_2$, $CH_4$, $H_2S$, CO.