• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제66권2호
• /
• pp.412-424
• /
• 2024

Lairage, a part of the animal welfare practices, has been known to mitigate pre-slaughter stress in animals. However, research investigating the relationship between lairage and pork meat quality remains scarce. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the physicochemical quality and storage stability of pork from pigs subjected to immediate slaughter (CON) and those provided with a 24 h lairage before slaughter (LRG) over a 7-day storage period. The loins from 20 castrated pigs in each group, respectively, were collected at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days and used for analysis of meat quality and storage stability, including pH, meat color, moisture, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity, and electrical resistance. Overall, there were no significant differences in physicochemical meat quality parameters between CON and LRG groups. Similarly, no differences were observed in the storage stability of pork including 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and electrical resistance. However, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in LRG compared to CON. In conclusion, 24 h lairage for castrated pigs had limited impact on meat quality and storage stability but led to an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid proportion.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2003

PSE 발생원인을 규명하고자 제주소재 J 도축장에 출하된 돼지에 대하여 PSE 발생원인을 규명한 결과 도축전 돼지의 취급이 돼지 출하일령을 180일 이상과 이하로 나누어 비교한 결과 PSE 발생율은 180일령 미만은 24.9%, 180일령 이상은 18.9%로 비육일령 연장에 의한 PSE 발생율 감소는 6%인 것으로 분석되었다. 조사두수 50두 이상 농가의 농가별 PSE 발생율을 조사한 결과, 가장 낮은 농가가 17.30%, 가장 높은 농가가 80.36%로 63.06%의 큰 차이를 보였다. 수송 소요시간별 PSE 돈육 발생율은 30분 미만, 30분～1시간 미만에서는 각각 46.66 %, 45.65%로 큰 차이는 보이지 않았지만 1시간 이상 수송시는 35.44%로 수송시간이 증가됨으로 약 9%의 PSE 발생율이 감소하였다. 절식과 계류 유무에 따른 도체율은 당일 도축 72.68%에 대하여 계류시 72.67%로 조사되어 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 도축전 돼지의 계류 유무에 따른 PSE 발생율은 무계류시 55.66%, 계류시 33.88%로 전일 계류를 실시함으로서 PSE 발생율을 21.74% 감소시킬 수 있었다. 본 연구결과 출하일령의 연장, 도축전 적절한 계류는 돈육의 품질향상에 매우 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 도축전 돼지의 관리와 계류의 중요성에 관심이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.28-31
• /
• 2003

동일 냉각조건하에서 계류 유무 및 전기봉 사용 유무에 따른 PSE 발생율을 조사한 결과 전일 계류를 실시하고 전기 봉을 사용하지 않았을 때 PSE 발생율은 22.2%이었으나, 계류하지 않고 전기봉을 사용한 경우 59.3%로 발생율이 37.1%가 증가되었다. 이러한 결과는 무계류로 인하여 PSE 발생율이 증가되었을 뿐만 아니라 더불어 전기봉 사용으로 더 높은 PSE 발생율을 야기시킨 것으로 보인다. 저전압(230 V) 전살 조건을 적용하였으며, 이때 PSE 발생율은 42.37%로 고전압 (500 V) 전살조건을 적용한 도축라인에서는 66.67%였다. 따라서 전살조건 및 도축라인에 따른 PSE 발생율 차이는 24. 3%인 것으로 조사되었다 예냉후 등심 심부온도 관리에 따른 PSE 발생율을 조사한 결과 도축 처리장에서 예냉(도축후 70분)후 등심 심부온도를 38$^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 관리시 PSE 발생율은 52.2%였으나, 3$0^{\circ}C$ 이하로 관리하였을 때 발생율은 39.6 %로 예냉후 심부온도를 3$0^{\circ}C$ 이하로 관리함으로써 PSE 발생율을 12.6% 감소시킬 수 있었다. 그리고, PSE 발생율은 도체중과는 무관하였다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.861-867
• /
• 2023

Lairages serve several functions, such as providing post-mortal inspections and providing a reservoir of animals to ensure the slaughter line runs efficiently. High stress lairage conditions can contribute to the accumulation of transport stress in pigs, causing poor pork quality and still stressed pigs at slaughter. The objective of this study was to investigate meat quality, blood profile and behavior changes according to lairage stocking density in in high temperature. Density treatments were as follows: LD, low density (lower than 0.5 m²/100 kg); ND, normal density (0.5 m²/100 kg to 0.83 m²/100 kg); HD, high density (higher than 0.83 m²/100 kg). Air temperature treatment was as follows: HT, high temperature (higher than 24℃). Pigs stocked with LD showed lower pH, WHC (water holding capacity), and higher DL (drip loss) and CL (cooking loss) than those stocked with HD. Pigs stocked with LD showed lower cortisol level than those stocked with HD. Therefore, Pigs exposed to high stock density (lower than 0.5 m²/100 kg) in high air temperature during pre-slaughter caused acute stress and lead to PSE (pale, soft, exudative) pork incidence. Based on obtained results, stocking of too high (lower than 0.5 m²/100 kg) density is generally not good for meat quality and animal welfare at high temperatures.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국축산식품학회 2000년도 정기총회 및 제25차 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.126-126
• /
• 2000

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.435-441
• /
• 2015

Relationships among different stress parameters (lairage time and blood level of lactate and cortisol), meat quality parameters (initial and ultimate pH value, temperature, drip loss, sensory and instrumental colour, marbling) and carcass quality parameters (degree of rigor mortis and skin damages, hot carcass weight, carcass fat thickness, meatiness) were determined in pigs (n = 100) using Pearson correlations. After longer lairage, blood lactate (p<0.05) and degree of injuries (p<0.001) increased, meat became darker (p<0.001), while drip loss decreased (p<0.05). Higher lactate was associated with lower initial pH value (p<0.01), higher temperature (p<0.001) and skin blemishes score (p<0.05) and more developed rigor mortis (p<0.05), suggesting that lactate could be a predictor of both meat quality and the level of preslaughter stress. Cortisol affected carcass quality, so higher levels of cortisol were associated with increased hot carcass weight, carcass fat thickness on the back and at the sacrum and marbling, but also with decreased meatiness. The most important meat quality parameters (pH and temperature after 60 minutes) deteriorated when blood lactate concentration was above 12 mmol/L.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2004

It is known that the transportation stress of market pigs can affect their carcass quality and that blood concentrations of glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are indicators of the transportation stress. Fifty-seven gilts and 57 barrows weighing approximately 110 kg were randomly assigned into six groups in a 3 [high (0.31 $m^2/100$ kg BW)-, medium (0.35 $m^2$)- and low (0.39 $m^2$)-stocking densities]${\times}2$[1 h vs. 3 h transportation time] arrangement of treatments. Blood samples were taken during transportation and after 2 h lairage. The percentage of "standing" animals during transportation was less in the low- than in the mediumor high-stocking density; the opposite was true for the "sitting" posture. Plasma concentrations of glucose, CK and LDH increased after loading and declined to the resting levels after lairage. Concentrations of CK and LDH were greater in the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation group. Moreover, the LDH concentration was less in the low- than in the medium- or high-density group. Also detected was a significant interaction between the stocking density and transportation time in all of these blood variables. The incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) carcass was greatest in the high-stocking density group. Interestingly, the PSE incidence increased following the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation at the low-density, but not at the medium-density. Results suggest that the medium-density may be preferable to the lowdensity in the long-distance transportation.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2023

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of mosquito vectors related to the zoonotic disease in Daejeon. Samples were taken using a blacklight trap once a month from March to November 2021 at the slaughterhouse in Daejeon. A total of 820 mosquitoes were captured and classified into 5 genera and 8 species. Among the collected mosquitoes, 319 (38.9%) and 295 (35.93%) were Aedes vexans nipponii and Culex pipiens pallens, respectively, making them the dominant species. The overall number of mosquitoes collected started to increase from May and reached the largest value of 329 (40.12%) in June. Trapped mosquitoes are created 72 pools by environmental condition and by species. The pools were tested by PCR methods for 7 zoonotic pathogens. Flavivirus-positive products were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Japanese encephalitis viruses were detected in 3 pools collected from cow lairage (Culex pipiens pallens) in May, cow by-product processing room (Aedes vexans nipponii) in June and cow lairage (Mansonia uniformis) in June. Culex flavivirus were detected in 4 pools. Based on the results of this study, it is considered that continous surveillence of mosquitoes in livestock assembly facilities (slaughterhouse) should be performed for controlling mosquito populations and mediating disease spread by mosquitoes.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.417-419
• /
• 2005

Five black-tailed prairie dogs showed weakness. emaciation and anemia during the lairage period in May 2005. Among them, one adult male and one female prairie dogs were found dead. The stamp smear for revealed a tremendous number of Giardia trophozoites. Histopathological examinations of the intestine showed slightly inflammatory changes and cystic enlargement of the crypts in the duodenal and jejunal mucous membranes. From these findings, this disease was diagnosed as giardiasis in black-tailed prairie dog.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2007

출하전 절식과 출하 취급이 출하돈의 혈액성상과 도체품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 출하전 12시간, 24시간 절식한 그룹 및 절식하지 않는 그룹으로 구분하고 각각의 그룹에 대하여 출하 취급을 최대한 부드럽게 혹은 상차, 하차, 계류 과정에 전기봉 사용을 포함하여 고의적으로 거칠게 하는 그룹으로 나누어 체중 약 110kg에 출하되는 삼원교잡종 비육돈 144두를 공시하여 조사, 분석하였다. 모든 출하돈은 계류장 도착 후 3시간 동안 계류하였다. 혈액은 도축직후에 채취하였고 배최장근 시료는 도축 12시간 후(overnight)에 채취하여 분석에 사용하였다. 혈중 glucose 농도는 절식하지 않은 그룹에 비하여 12시간 및 24시간 절식 그룹이 낮았으나 cortisol 농도는 반대로 절식하지 않은 그룹에 비하여 24시간 절식 그룹이 높게(p<0.05) 나타났다. 스트레스와 관련된 glucose, cortisol, creatine kinase 및 lactate dehydrogenase 농도는 출하 취급을 부드럽게 한 그룹에 비하여 고의적으로 거칠게 취급한 그룹에서 높았다. 그러나 스트레스 관련 혈액성상에 대한 절식시간과 취급 스트레스간의 상호작용 효과는 인정되지 않았다. PSE 발생율과 drip loss는 절식하지 않은 그룹보다 12시간, 24시간 절식 그룹이 낮았으나 도체 pH와 육색은 절식 시간의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 PSE 발생율과 도체의 이화학적 특성은 출하 스트레스에 의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 결론적으로 출하전 12시간(하루밤) 절식은 PSE 발생을 줄이기 위한 좋은 방법이 될 수 있다. 또한 충분한 계류는 출하시 거친 취급으로 인한 도체품질에 미치는 영향을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 그러나 출하 취급이 거칠면 혈중 스트레스 관련 지표들의 농도가 증가하여 동물복지를 나쁘게 할 수 있어 거친 취급은 피해야 할 것으로 판단된다.