• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1990년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 26-27 Oct. 1990
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• pp.629-633
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• 1990

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.661-678
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• 2013

As a new type of vibration reduction, the ladder track system has been successfully used in engineering. In this paper, a numerical model of the train-track-viaduct system is established to study the dynamic responses of an elevated bridge with ladder track. The system is composed of a vehicle submodel, a track submodel and a bridge submodel, with the measured track irregularities as the system self-excitation. The whole time histories of a train running through an elevated bridge with $3{\times}27m$ continuous PC box girders are simulated. The dynamic responses of the bridge such as deflections, lateral and vertical accelerations, and the vehicle responses such as derailment factors, offload factors and car-body accelerations are calculated. The calculated results are partly validated through the comparison with the experimental data. Compared to the common slab track, adapting the ladder sleeper can effectively reduce the accelerations of the bridge girder, and also reduce the car-body accelerations and offload factors of the train vehicle.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to explore the clinical competence according to clinical ladder of operating room nurses. Method: The subjects were 125 the operating room nurses working at five university hospitals in four city. The instrument to measure the clinical competency and clinical performance of OR nurses was developed by researcher. It consisted of 12 domains of clinical competence and 23 items of clinical performance. Results: Clinical competence and clinical performance of OR nurses group devided into 4 groups by clinical ladder such as 0-12month, 13-36 mon. 37-84 mon. over 85 month were significantly different. More experienced nurses performed higher level of clinical performance and competency in 23 items and 12 domains. Conclusion: It will be needed to add concrete behavioral patterns and behavioral indicators of nursing competencies, per stage of the clinical ladder, by repetitive studies on nurses of various hospitals and to confirm the validity.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2017

The chain-ladder method, for which run-off data is employed is popularly used in the rate-adjustment and loss-reserving practices of non-life-insurance and health-insurance companies. The method is applicable when the underlying assumption of a consistent development pattern is in regards to a cumulative loss payment after the occurrence of an insurance event. In this study, a modified chain-ladder algorithm is proposed for when the assumption is considered to be only partially appropriate for the given run-off data. The concept of a structural-change point in the run-off data and its reflection in the estimation of unpaid loss amounts are discussed with numerical illustrations. Experience data from private health insurance coverage in Korea were analyzed based on the suggested method. The performance in estimation of loss reserve was also compared with traditional approaches. We present evidence in this paper that shows that a reflection of a structural-change point in the chain-ladder method can improve the risk management of the relevant insurance products. The suggested method is expected to be utilized easily in actuarial practice as the algorithm is straightforward.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1999

사다리형 SAW 필터의 개발을 위해서 종래에는 설계변수 하나하나를 변화시켜 시행착오식으로 사양을 만족시키는 값을 찾아야만 하였다. 본 연구에서는 주어진 사양을 만족시킬 수 있는 사다리형 SAW 필터의 패턴을 자동으로 설계하는 최적 설계법을 개발하였다. 우선 Smith 등가회로 해석법을 이용하여 사다리형 SAW 필터용 해석 프로그램을 제작하였으며, 그 프로그램에 의한 시뮬레이션 결과를 실제 제작된 시작품의 성능과 비교해 봄으로써 타당성을 검증하였다. 이 해석 프로그램을 바탕으로 설계변수의 조정에 따른 성능변수의 변화 경향을 분석함으로써 최적 설계 알고리즘을 개발하였으며. 그 타당성 및 효용성을 기 상용화된 제품들에 대해 시험 설계해 봄으로써 증명하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2013

There is a critically structural problem of scaffolding system when one of scaffold columns is remove to be used as a gangway for their temporary office in the structure before finishing all such as an apartment or office building. This is not used to checking to structurally checking at a construction site. This study is to find out which system at a site will be more effective and low-cost-high effectiveness of aluminum ladder, timber ladder, ${\phi}$1/2 inch steel pipe truss with a type of concave, convex warren truss ladders. Theses are structurally tested with horizontal set as a truss type with 1.8 meter long. Concentrated load has been loaded at the upper center of the system and checked its strain at the bottom center, using aluminum-use strain gage and steel-use gauge have been attached concave warren truss with diameter 1/2 inch has 14% stronger than convex truss. Convex truss has almost same strength as an aluminum ladder truss, it is found out.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.481-494
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to develop nursing competencies, sub-competencies and behavior indicators according to the clinical ladder of emergency nurses. Method: index of content validation was used by 21 clinical experts. Results: This study had three phases to develop nursing competencies, sub-competencies and behavior indicators. In first phase: 12 nursing competencies and 33 sub-competencies were developed through the literature review on nursing competency and emergency nurses' job description. The content of 12 competencies and 33 sub-competencies were reviewed by 3 nursing professors. The 12 competencies and 33 sub-competencies were followed: clinical judgement and measures(6 sub-competencies), processing ability of ward works(2 sub-competencies), flexibility(2 sub-competencies), resources management(2 sub-competencies), confidence(3 sub-competencies), cooperation(2 sub-competencies), professional development power(2 sub-competencies), patient service orientation(3 sub-competencies), inclination toward ethical value(5 sub-competencies), influence power(2 sub-competencies), developing others(2 sub-competencies), self control(2 sub-competencies). In second phase, 132 behavior indicators were developed according to nurse clinical ladder: novice, advanced novice, competent, proficient. In Third phase, content validity was examined on 132 behavior indicators by 21 clinical experts. 126 among 132 indicators had over 70% agreement among experts and 6 indicators under 70% were revised. Conclusion: nursing competencies, sub competencies and behavior indicators can be used nurses' clinical performance as well as establishing proper directions for professional growth related to reward system.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2019

최근 복합재를 적용한 경량화에 관한 연구가 지속적으로 수행됨에 따라 탄소섬유 복합재료를 사용하여 강성대비 경량화를 목표로 하는 부품 연구가 증가하고 있다. 복합재료는 등방성 재료와는 달리 적층판의 방향과 적층 순서에 따라 물리적 특성이 변화한다. 그러므로 복합재료 사다리의 경우 계획한 설계를 검증하기 위해서 구조 해석을 수행하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 패브릭 소재를 적용하여 사다리를 설계하였다. 또한 유한요소해석을 통하여 하중 위치가 사다리에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 가장 문제가 되는 위치를 선정하여 구조적 성능을 분석하였다. 다양한 적층 순서를 적용하여 구조해석을 실시하고 각 층에서의 파손 값을 측정함으로써 적층 순서가 사다리의 구조 강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 컴퓨터게임에서 기존에 나와 있는 사다리 타기 게임을 보다 확장하여 12명이 한꺼번에 동시에 사다리 타기 게임을 할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 기존에 나와 있는 사다리 타기 게임은 보통 10명이 동시에 처리할 수 있도록 설계되어 있다. 본 게임 설계에서는 기존에 나와 있지 않은 여러 가지 기능을 추가하고, 12명이 동시에 사다리 타기 게임을 할 수 있도록 하기 위해 설계하였다. 게임에 대한 용어 설명과 사다리 타기 게임에 대한 설명과 기본적인 원리를 살펴보았고, 기존의 사다리 타기 게임을 분석하여 보완된 사다리 타기 게임을 설계 구현하였다. 전체 화면에 대한 객체 설계와 구현된 게임에 대한 화면에 대한 내용도 살펴보았으며, 구현된 게임의 장점을 나열하였고, 향후 발전방향에 대하여 논하였다.