• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1993

Rhizobium fredii USDA191 은 대기 중의 질소를 환원하여 식물체의 생육에 필요한 질소원을 공급해주는 세균으로 다량의 체외 다당류를 합성한다. 전위요소 Tn5의 삽입에 의한 돌연변이 유도로 다당류결핍 변이주 R. fredii YKL293 가 분리되었으며 이 변이주로부터 Tn5 에 인접한 DNA 단편이 pUC19 에 클로닝되었고(plyk5293),이 DNA 단편을 탐침으로 하여 .lambda.NM1149 에 구성되 USDA191 genomic library 로부터 야생형체외다당류 합성관련 유전자(exo) 를 함유한 클론 .lambda. NM1149 22E 를 plaque 혼성화에 의하여 분리하였다. 클론 NM1149.22E 에 들어있는 exo 유전자를 pBR322 에 옮겨서 pJW33을 만들고, 재조합체 pJW33 을 Escherichia coli POII734 에 도입시켜 lacZ 구조유전자를 함유한 MudI 1734 가 exo 유전자의 프러모토와 융합되어 lacZ 구조유전자의 전사가 이루어지도록 하였다. 위와 같이 만들어진 재조합체 플라스미드 pUM21을 함유한 E. coli JM83 은 .betha.-galactosidase 를 합성하였으며, 야생형 tacZ 유전자를 갖고 있는 E. coli LE392 에 비해서 14-25배 정도 낮은 역가를 보였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 1990

효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 염색체상에 존재하는 superkiller 유전자인 SKIB 유전자를 cloning 시켜 ski 변이 주내에서 발현시켰다. 이 유전자의 C-말단부위에 E. coli의 tacZ 구조 유전자를 융합시켜 효모와 E. coli의 shuttle vector인 pSR605를 제조하고 이를 효모에 형질전환 시킨 후 나타나는 $\beta$-galactosidase의 융합단백질을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2000

A 4.4 kb DNA fragment encompassing lacA (galactoside acetyltransferase) and lacZ($\beta$-galactosidase) genes from Lactococus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962 (L. lactis 7962) was introduced ito a Lac strain, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis MG1363 (L. lactis MG1363) by using a lactococcal expression vector, pMG36e and expression level of lacZ was examined. Growth rates and $\beta$-galactosidase ($\beta$-gal) activities of MG1363 cells carrying recombinant plasmid, pMLZ3, on M17 broth containing different carbon sources (1%, w/v) were examined. Contrary to the expectations, MG1363 [pMLZ3] grown on lactose showed the lowest enzyme activity (17 units) and cells grown on galactose had the highest $\beta$-gal activity (41 units). Cells grown on glucose had intermediate activity (33 units). These activities are about one tenth of the values observed in L. lactis 7962 where lacZ is present as a single-copy gene in the chromosome. When the cellular concentrations of lacZ transcript were examined using slot blot hybridization, it was found that MG1363[pMLZ3] produced sufficient amounts of transcript. These results indicate that either proteolytic degradation of $\beta$-gal or other regulatory mechanism prevent the translation or accumulation of $\beta$-gal in L. lactis MG1363 cells. In regard to regulation, the presence of the ccpA gene in L. lactis MG1363 was confirmed by Southern blot.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.609-618
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• 2005

$\gamma$-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2.) catalyzes the transfer of the $\gamma$-glutamyl moiety from $\gamma$-glutamyl containing ompounds, notably glutathione (GSH), to acceptor amino acids and peptides. A second gene (GGTII) encoding GGT was previously isolated and characterized from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In the present work, the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene was constructed and used to study the transcriptional regulation of the S. pombe GGTII gene. The synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene was significantly enhanced by NO-generating SNP and hydrogen peroxide in the wild type yeast cells. The GGTII mRNA level was increased in the wild-type S. pombe cells treated with SNP. However, the induction by SNP was abolished in the Pap1-negative S. pombe cells, implying that the induction by SNP of GGTII is mediated by Pap1. Fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (at low concentrations), lactose and sucrose, as a sole carbon source, enhanced the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in wild type KP1 cells but not in Pap1-negative cells. Glycerol, a non-fermentable carbon source, was also able to induce the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion gene, but other non-fermentable carbon sources such as acetate and ethanol were not. Transcriptional induction of the GGTII gene by fermentable carbon sources was also confirmed by increased GGTII mRNA levels in the yeast cells grown with them. Nitrogen starvation was also able to induce the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in a Pap1-dependent manner. On the basis of the results, it is concluded that the S. pombe GGTII gene is regulated by oxidative and metabolic stress.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1995

In this study was demonstrate that retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is one of the promising alternatives to the conventional pronuclear DNA microinjection approach, especially in transferring the exogenous genes into the boving embryos. By co-culturing of zona of zona-free one-cell stage embryos with the retrovirus-producing cells for 24 hours followed by 6 days of culture in virus-free medium, we could get morulae and blastocysts expressing the E. coli LacZ genes which were transferred by our retrovirus vector. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows : 1. Addition of 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of polybrene in the embryo and virus-producing cell co-culture medium did not affect development of zona-free one-cell embryo. 2. Compared with the intact embryos removal of zona at one-cell stage before co-culturing with the virus-producing cells for one day caused only slight decrease of embryo develpment. 3. Co-culture of 625 zona-free one-cell stage embryos with the virus-producing cells resulted in 65(10.4%) morulae or blastocysts, and 12.3%(8/65) of the morulae or blastocysts were E. coli LacZ positive.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2000

Unfortunately, there is no technique which is stable and repetitive to produce transgenic chicken, although various ways of gene transfer including PGC-and embryonic cell-mediated gene transfer, DNA microinjection, virus inoculation and sperm cells have been employed. The aims of this study were 세 develop and establish such a stable, repetitive and efficient way of gene transfer giving a faithful gene expression during development after the reconstruction of embryo in an UV-irradiated egg. A dual reporter plasmid (pJJ9), a fusion gene containing lacZ and GFP driven by a CMV promoter was used to exploit either merits of both reporting markers. lacZ with strong signal or GFP with vital marking. Electroporated embryonic blastodermal cells (EBCs) in the presence of the pJJ9 DNA faithfully showed 377 bp PCR product and lacZ or GFP expressions in the identical cells in vitro of in vivo. Furthermore, analyses of expression pattern of the foreign DNA demonstrated that microinjected EBCs cells into the UV-irradiated recipient egg should participate in normal developmental process, for example, proliferation and differentiation into various tissues. Thirty percentages of the manipulated eggs showed lacZ expression in their tissues. These results together with the specific procedures used in this study should facilitate avian transgenesis.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2003

모유에 존재하는 유지방구의 막을 구성하는 주된 당단백질인 하나인 lactadherin(과거에는 BA46로 일컬어짐)은 rotavirus에 의한 감염증상을 예방하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 retrovirus vector system을 이용하여 Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) 세포에 tetracycline에 의해 발현이 제어되는 promoter 하의 lactadherin 유전자를 전이 시킨 후 lactadherin이 tetracycline에 의해 발현이 유도되는지의 여부를 실험하였다. 먼저 기초 실험으로 대장균의 LacZ 유전자를 이용하여 tetracycline에 의한 유도 여부를 시험하였다. RevTet-On과 RevTRE-LacZ retrovirus를 동시감염시킨 NIH3T3는 doxycycline (tetracycline 유도체)에 의해 투여량에 비례하여 반응정도가 증가하는 양상을 나타내었으며 최대의 반응은 doxycycline 농도가 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 이상에서부터 관찰되었다. 이 예비실험의 결과를 바탕으로 RevTet-On과 RevTRE-Ltd retrovirus vectyor를 이용하여 사람의 lactadherin 유전자의 유도적 발현을 검정하였는데 CHO 세포에서 lactadherin 유전자의 유도적 발현을 RT-PCR 기법을 이용하여 확인하였다. 표적세포 내에서 외부에서 도입된 유전자가 지속적으로 발현될 경우 심각한 생리적 부작용을 야기시킨다는 사실을 감안할 때 본 실험의 결과는 유전자 치료와 형질전환동물의 생산에 크게 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12) is a representative indicator globally used for distinguishing and monitoring dynamic fates of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. This study investigated how to most critically quantify lacZ ($\beta$-galactosidase) gene in E. coli K-12 by two different real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in association with three different DNA extraction practices. Three DNA extractions, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/proteinase K, magnetic beads and guanidium thiocyanate (GTC)/silica matrix were each compared for extracting total genomic DNA from E. coli K-12. Among them, GTC/silica matrix and magnetic beads beating similarly worked out to have the highest (22-23 ng/${\mu}L$) concentration of DNA extracted, but employing SDS/proteinase K had the lowest (10 ng/${\mu}L$) concentration of DNA retrieved. There were no significant differences in the quantification of the copy numbers of lacZ gene between SYBR Green I qPCR and QProbe-qPCR. However, SYBR Green I qPCR obtained somewhat higher copy number as $1{\times}10^8$ copies. It was decided that GTC/silica matrix extraction or magnetic beads beating in combination with SYBR Green I qPCR can be preferably applied for more effectively quantifying specific gene from a pure culture of microorganism.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 1994

E. coli의 \beta-galactosidase$ 유전자를 미꾸라지 수정난에 미세현미 주입하고 이를 분석함으로써 미꾸라지에 외래 유전자 이식을 위한 reporter 유전자로서의 유용성을 검토하였다 X-gal 염객분석, 4-methylumbelliferyl-$\beta$-D-galactoside (MUG) 분석을 수행한 결과 유전자 이식 처리군 및 대조군에서 모두 \beta-galactosidase$의 활성이 관찰되었으며 PCR, dot blot 및 southern blot분석결과 역시 유전자 이식 처리군과 대조군에서 모두 유사한 양상을 나타내었다. 처리군 및 대조군의 PCR product의 염기서열은 E. coli의 \beta-galactosidase$ 유전자와 매우 높은 homology를 갖고 있었으며 pH에 따른 X-gal 염색 분석을 수행한 결과 미꾸라지에 관찰되는 본 효소는 pH 4.5에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 앞으로 미꾸라지를 대상으로 한 외래 유전자 이식시 E. coli의 \beta-galactosidase$ 유전자의 reporter 유전자로서의 사용은 신중한 재검토가 이루어져야만 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a small, heat-stable redox protein acting as a multi-functional glutathione (GSH)-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase. We have cloned the monothiol Grx5 gene from the genomic DNA of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. It has 1,904 bp, with one intron, and encodes a putative protein of 146 amino acids with a molecular mass of 16.5 kDa. Recombinant Grx5 produced functional Grx in S. pombe cells. NO-generating sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and potassium chloride (KCl, 0.2 and 0.5 M) increased the synthesis of ${\beta}$-galactosidase from a Grx5-lacZ fusion gene, and transcription of Grx5 was also enhanced by SNP and KCl. Synthesis of ${\beta}$-galactosidase from the Grx5-lacZ fusion was lower in Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells than in wild type KP1 cells, and when Pap1 was overproduced in KP1 cells, the level of ${\beta}$-galactosidase increased. We also found that Pap1 is involved in the induction of Grx5 by SNP and KCl. S. pombe Grx5 may play a crucial role in responses to nitrosative and osmotic stresses.