• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2010

겨울에는 시베리아기단의 영향으로 한랭 건조한 대륙성 고기압의 영향을 받아 춥고 건조하여 1월 평균기온이 $-6{\sim}-7^{\circ}C$의 영하의 온도로 낮아져 지반동결시 수분이동으로 동상현상이 발생하여 도로의 불균형 동결팽창을 초래하며, 결국 포장체를 파손시킨다. 동상발생시 토립자는 모관력에 의해 지하수를 흡수하여 아이스렌즈를 형성하며, 이 모관 흡수력은 토립자의 크기에 영향을 받는다. 도로는 다양한 재료와 단면으로 구성된 구조물이기 때문에 환경성과 재료 물성뿐만 아니라 포장체 각 층의 구조적 적정성 또는 지지력을 파악하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 현재 기존 동상방지층 설계법에 따르면, 동상방지층은 포장체의 구조적 적정성과는 무관하게 온도 조건에 따른 동결깊이에 따라 일률적으로 결정되고 있다. 이러한 동결깊이를 포장구조설계에 적용함으로써 포장의 과다설계 우려가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 도로 동상방지층의 효용성 검증 및 설치기준 확립을 위해 실내동결시스템을 활용하여 도로 노상토의 동상 특성에 대한 민감성을 판별, 도로건설 현장 노상토에 대한 역학적 특성과 실내 동결 시험을 수행하였으며, 외부 동결온도의 지속 조건에 대한 시료의 온도변화, 동상팽창압, 동상팽창량, 부동수분 등의 결과값을 통하여 동결 과정에 따른 지반공학적 특성을 평가하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2005

The frost heaving pressure can be a problem for weakening of the railway roadbed material. This study was initiated to investigate the soils frost heaving pressure and physical characteristics(Liquid limit, permeability, SEM analysis) resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing cycle process. Therefore, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable pressure was developed. Weathered granite soils, sandy soil were used in the laboratory freezing test which sometimes subjected to thermal gradients under closed-systems. The frost heaving pressure arising within the soil samples and the temperature of the samples inside were monitored with elapsed time. The degree of saturation versus heaving pressure curve is also presented for weathered granite soil and the maximum pressure is closely related to this curve. Based on the laboratory test results, fine-grained soils with strong attractive forces between soil grains md water molecules, and additional water is attracted into the pores leading to further volume changes and ice segregation.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.264-270
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• 2002

The frost heaving pressure can be a problem for weakening of the railroadbed material. In this study, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable pressure was developed. This pressure is induced as a result of a curved ice-water interface. This study was initiated to investigate the soils frost heaving expansion pressure and physical characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing cycle process. Weathered granite soils, sandy soil were used in the laboratory freezing test subjected to thermal gradients under closed-systems.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in ice dendrite size during freezing process in gelatin matrix as a model food system in order to provide mathematical relation between freezing condition and ice dendrite size. Gelatin gel as a model matrix was frozen in unidirectional Neumann's type of heat transfer. The thermograms' analysis allowed to determine the freezing temperature of the sample, the position of the freezing front versus time, and thus, freezing front rate. The morphology of ice dendrites was observed by scanning electron microscopy after freeze-drying. We observed that the means size of ice dendrite increased with the distance to the cooling plate; however, it decreased with the cooling rate and the cooling temperature. In addition, the shorter durations of the freeze-drying process was shorter decreeing the decreased the freezing front rate, resulted in their resulting in a larger pore size of the ice dendrite pores for the sublimation channel of that operate as water vapor sublimation channels. From these results, we could derive a linear regression as an empirical mathematical model equation between the ice dendrite size and the inverse of freezing front rate.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2013

겨울에는 시베리아기단에 의해 한랭 건조한 대륙성 고기압의 영향을 받는 계절동토지역인 우리나라는 춥고 건조하여 1월 평균기온이 $-6{\sim}-7^{\circ}C$의 영하의 온도로 낮아져 지반동결시 수분이동으로 동상현상이 발생하여 지반구조물의 불균형 동결팽창을 초래한다. 동상 발생시 토립자는 모관력에 의해 지하수를 흡수하여 아이스렌즈를 형성하며, 이 모관 흡수력은 토립자의 크기에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 흙의 종류에 따른 동상민감성의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 공학적 특성이 다른 10종류의 흙시료에 대하여 물리적 특성 파악과 통일분류법에 의한 흙 분류를 통해 실내동상실험을 실시하였다. 이에 각각 흙의 종류에 따른 동결깊이, 동상팽창량, 부동수분, 아이스렌즈와 같은 동상특성을 확인하여 시료의 동상민감성을 평가하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.329-336
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• 2002

The earth structures and in-ground LNG tank, and buildings can be constructed with using artificial freezing method on the reclaimed land. In this study, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable pressure was developed. The pressure is the result of the surface energy of a curved ice-water interface. The most significant of these parameters will have the greatest effect on the classification. In order to establish frost-susceptibility criteria based on frost heaving expansion pressure, more soils have to be tested. This study was initiated to investigate the soils frost heaving expansion pressure and moisture characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing cycle process. Weathered granite soils, sandy soil, sandy soil were used in the laboratory freezing test subjected to thermal gradients under closed- systems.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2012

현재 기존 동상방지층 설계법에 따르면, 동상방지층은 도로 노상토의 동상특성이 아닌 온도에 따른 동결깊이에 근거해 일률적으로 결정되어 포장설계의 부실 또는 과다설계 우려가 있다. 도로는 다양한 재료와 단면으로 구성된 구조물이기 때문에 환경성과 재료 물성 뿐만 아니라 포장체 각 층의 구조적 적정성 또는 지지력을 파악하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 대형 냉동고내에 실내모형토조를 구성하여 포장하부구조재료(노상층, 쇄석골재층)의 시간에 따른 온도와 동상량 변화, 동결융해에 따른 지반의 지지력 변화를 통하여 포장하부구조체의 역학적 관계를 분석하였다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

The cold chain system in South-East Asia is requiring to maintain freshness of refrigerated or frozen food. In this study, Thermal storage system using Phase change material (PCM) was developed and evaluated its performance about temperature and cold keeping time. For various application of cold chain system, we developed portable cold box, cold roll container and freezing station. Keeping time on laboratory tests of portable cold box in case of refrigeration and freezing were 6 hours and 4 hours, respectively. Cold container was developed to 2.5 ton scale. Evaluation in Indonesia, it was showed to keep the setting temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ over 40 hours at $30^{\circ}C$ of ambient air. Freezing station using PCM was kept over 24 hours under $-20^{\circ}C$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2022

Abnormal climate events are occurring frequently around the world. In particular, cold waves and heavy snow lead to damage and deterioration of facilities, which can cause loss of life or property damage, such as shortening the lifespan of facilities. Therefore, it is very important to prepare an appropriate maintenance system and to establish a strategy to cope with abnormal weather conditions. In this study, laboratory freezing experiments were performed to analyze the freeze-thaw characteristics affecting the tunnel concrete lining, and heat flow analysis was carried out based on the test results. Based on these experimental and theoretical analysis results, quantitative freeze-thaw evaluation criteria for tunnel concrete linings were proposed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.227-237
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• 1998

In case the systems have radioactivity, toxic liquid or expensive fluid, and have to be performed repair work at one point of the system pipe, the formation of an internal ice plug by the removal of heat from the pipe is often consideredas a useful method. In this procedure, an annular jacket is placed around the pipe, and the jacket is then filled with liquid Nitrogen(-196.deg. C). Thermal analysis by the finite element method based on the laboratory experiments has been constructed. The result of the finite element analysis on the experimental model shows to be reasonable, and thus the finite element analysis for different pipe size, material and thickness has been performed to see if the ice plugging procedure in various applications can be safely performed without possibility of damage to the pipe. It has been confirmed that in carbon steel pipes the maximum stress is found around the boundary of the freezing jacket, and the stress increases as pipe thickness increases, but the maximum stress shows no consistency along the increment of the pipe diameter. The maximum stresses appear lower than yield stress in carbon steel. It has been also shown that in stainless steel pipes the maximum stresses are also found around the boundary of the freezing jacket, but almost the same value in spite of different pipe size an thickness, and the maximum stresses show slightly higher than the yield stress of the stainless steel.