• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.389-399
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• 2016

This paper presents the explorations of hydrothermal vents located in the Marina Arc and Back Arc Basin using the deep-sea ROV Hemire. These explorations were conducted by KRISO and KIOST to demonstrate the capability of Hemire in various applications for deep-sea scientific research. The missions included the following: (1) to search the reported vents, (2) conduct visual inspections, (3) deploy/recover a sediment trap and bait traps, (4) sample sediment/water/rock, (5) measure the magnetic field at the vent site, and (6) acquire a detailed map using multi-beam sonar near the bottom. We installed three HD cameras for precise visual inspection, a high-temperature thermometer, a three-component magnetometer, and a multi-beam sonar to acquire details of the bottom contour or identify vents in the survey area. The explorations were performed in an expedition from March 23 to April 5, 2016, and the missions were successfully completed. This paper discusses the operational process, navigation, and control of Hemire, as well as the exploration results.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-58
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• 2004

The School of Mathematical Sciences at University Sains Malaysia has offered a laboratory course on the integration of hand-held technology into the teaching and learning of mathematics since the beginning of the 2001/2002 academic year. This inquiry-based course highlights the explorations and application of mathematics in a data rich modeling environment. In addition, the course addresses several issues related to the effective integration of such technology into the mathematics curriculum. This paper discusses the appropriate use of graphing technology to present mathematical concepts and to support student's understanding in a student-centered learning environment, shares knowledge on the new mathematics that was made possible by hand-held technology, and summarizes student reactions to this innovative learning mode.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2017

This paper presents the operations of a multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) installed on the deep-sea remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Hemire. Hemire explored hydrothermal vents in the Forecast volcano located near the Mariana Trench in March of in 2006. During these explorations, we acquired profiling points on the routes of the vehicle using the MBES. Information on the position, depth, and attitude of the ROV are essential to obtain higher accuracy for the profiling quality. However, the MBES installed on Hemire does not have its own position and depth sensors. Although it has attitude sensors for roll, pitch, and heading, the specifications of these sensors were not clear. Therefore, we had to merge the high-performance sensor data for the motion and position obtained from Hemire into the profiling data of the MBES. Then, we could properly convert the profiling points with respect to the Earth-fixed coordinates. This paper describes the integration of the MBES with Hemire, as well as the coordinate conversion between them. Bathymetric maps near the summit of the Forecast volcano were successfully collected through these processes. A comparison between the bathymetric maps from the MBES and those from the Onnuri Research Vessel, the mother ship of the ROV Hemire for these explorations, is also presented.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1084-1089
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• 2009

This paper presents the example of landslide triggered by the failure of earth retaining wall. Close examinations such as visual inspections and non-destructive testings revealed that the earth retaining wall does not have enough strength to resist active earth pressure and ground water pressure. This fact is proved to be a direct initiation of landslide. Numerical studies including slope stability analyses and seepage analyses were performed with material properties obtained by geophysical explorations and laboratory tests. The results of numerical studies show that the overturning of the earth retaining wall affects the slope stability, leading to landslide consequently.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1995

Space explorations by spacecraft have detected the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), whose existences had been suggested to explain the narrow comet plasma tail formation before the space age. Thereafter, a global magnetic structure seperating the opposite polarity regions of IMF in the heliosphere was discovered (Wilcox and Ness, 1965). It is called helispheric current sheet (HCS). Comets have been proved as the useful heliospheric probes. Recently, another capability of comet as a probe of HCS was suggested by Yi (1994). In the process of comet plasma tail disconnection events (EDs) showing the ray folding and main tail severance between the folding rays (Brandt, 1982), the folding rays preceding DE might be the visualization of HCS draped around comet, In order to test this new idea, the association of comet Halley 16 DEs with comet crossings of HCS confirmed by spacecraft observations at the time of comet Halley apparition 1985~1986 was investigated.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.95-102
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• 1999

It is important to estimate the magnitude of settlement and the time of primary consolidation in geotechnical engineering projects. For these purposes, site explorations and laboratory tests are usually performed. However, the mechanical properties determined from laboratory tests on the samples obtained by different sampling techniques show different trends. In this study, three types of consolidation test were carried out on the soil samples obtained by three different sampling techniques (76mm tube, 76mm piston, and block samples), to verify the effect of sample disturbance on consolidation properties. It was found that sampling methods have influence on the $\varepsilon$ - log $\sigma$'$_{v}$ relationship. While insignificant difference of compression indices from the samples obtained by different sampling techniques was observed in compression region, these values showed a different trend in precompression region. The values of $c_{v}$ and k of block samples had a tendency to be larger than those of piston and tube samples. At consolidation pressure larger than $\sigma$'$_{p}$, however, these properties became similar regardless of sampling methods. The block and piston samples gave slightly higher values of $C_{a/}$ $C_{c}$ than tube samples. In the results of I $L_{EOP}$ and CRS test, it was observed that the values of $\sigma$'$_{p measured}$/$\sigma$'$_{p best estimated}$ of Yang-San clay decreases when strain becomes larger than 1.0% and that precompression strain of block samples is in the range of 1.5~2.0% while those of piston and tube samples are 1.75~3.75%. It was also shown that the values of $\sigma$'$_{p}$ of block samples exceed those of piston and tube samples by about 6~10%.6~10%.%.%.%.%.

• 셀메드
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.10
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• 2015

Fumaria indica Linn. (Syn: Fumaria parviflora, Fumariaceae) is a wildly grown weed, mentioned and recommended in classical Ayurvedic texts for treatments of variety of ailments including dermatological diseases, topical diseases, cardiovascular complaints, circulatory disease, fever and headache etc. The present pilot study was designed to experimentally verify the possibility that fumarates are the major bioactive principles of Fumaria indica extracts involved in their stress response modulating activities, and to estimate pharmacologicallyactive dose ranges of fumarates and standardized methanolic extract of Fumaria indica (MFI). Effect of single, 5 and 10 daily oral doses of pure fumaric acid (FA), monomethyl fumarate (MMF), dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and MFI was quantified in well validated rodent models viz. apomorphine induced cage climbing, stress induced hyperthermia, and elevated plus-maze tests. Obtained results reveal high efficacy of MFI and pure fumarates possess qualitatively analogous activity profiles in all the three tests. There were no significant difference in the potencies of pure FA, MMF and DMF in the three tests, whereas efficacy of MFI in the elevated plus maze test for anxiolytics was higher than in the other two tests. Efficacies of all the four test agents in all the three tests increased with increasing number of days of oral treatments. Results of these pilot experiments should be helpful for more rational selections of pharmacologically interesting dose ranges and treatment regimens of fumarates and Fumaria indica extracts for further more holistic explorations of their diverse therapeutic potentials.

• 지구물리
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2000

베이지안 역산(Bayesian inversion)은 불충분한 자료를 가지고 지하구조를 추정해야 하는 지구물리자료의 해석에 있어서 안정적이고 신뢰를 줄 수 있는 방법 중의 하나이다. 관측 자료가 측정 과정부터 불확실성을 함유하고 있으며, 역산에 이용되는 이론 자료 또한 모델의 매개변수화에 따른 각종 불확실성을 포함하고 있다. 따라서 지구물리 자료의 역산은 확률적으로 접근하는 것이 가장 바람직하며 베이지안 역산은 이에 대한 처리뿐만 아니라, 추정에 대한 신뢰도와 불확실성에 대한 이론적 근거를 제공한다. 그러나 대부분의 베이지안 역산이 고차원의 적분을 필요로 하므로 몬테 카를로 방법과 같은 대규모의 계산이 요구되는 방법에 의해 사후 확률분포가 구해지는 경우가 많다. 이는 특히 지구물리 자료와 같이 고도의 비선형 자료에 대하여 매우 적합한 접근 방법이기는 하지만, 점차 현장화, 고속화되어가는 자료의 해석 경향에 맞추어 간략하게 사후 확률분포를 근사한 수 있는 기법의 연구 또한 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 관측자료와 사전 확률분포가 정규분포에 의해 근사 될 수 있는 지구물리자료에 대한 베이지안 역산에 대해 논의 하고자 한다. 사전 확률분포의 작성을 위해 지구통계학적 기법이 이용되었으며, 관측자료의 통계적 불화실성을 추정하기 위해 교차 검사(cross-validation) 방법을 이용하여 공분산(covariance)을 유도하고 그것에 의한 우도 함수(likelihood function)를 작성하였다. 베이지안 해석을 위해 두 확률분포를 곱하여 근사적인 사후 확률분포를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이에 대해 최적화(optimization) 기법을 이용하여 최대 사후 확률(Maximum a Posterior)을 따르는 지하 구조를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 사후 확률 분포의 공분산 항을 이용하여 지하 비저항 구조를 시뮬레이션 하여 불확실성분석을 수행하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2023

Urbanization and industrialization have significantly increased the amount of solid waste produced in recent decades, posing considerable disposal problems and environmental burdens. The practice of waste utilization in concrete has gained popularity among construction practitioners and researchers for the efficient use of resources and the transition to the circular economy in construction. This study employed Lytag aggregate, an environmentally friendly pulverized fuel ash-based lightweight aggregate, as a substitute for natural coarse aggregate. At the same time, fly ash, an industrial by-product, was used as a partial substitute for cement. Concrete mix M20 was experimented with using fly ash and Lytag lightweight aggregate. The percentages of fly ash that make up the replacements were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The Compressive Strength (CS), Split Tensile Strength (STS), and deflection were discovered at these percentages after 56 days of testing. The concrete cube, cylinder, and beam specimens were examined in the explorations, as mentioned earlier. The results indicate that a 10% substitution of cement with fly ash and a replacement of coarse aggregate with Lytag lightweight aggregate produced concrete that performed well in terms of mechanical properties and deflection. The cementitious composites have varying characteristics as the environment changes. Therefore, understanding their mechanical properties are crucial for safety reasons. CS, STS, and deflection are the essential property of concrete. Machine learning (ML) approaches have been necessary to predict the CS of concrete. The Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization (AFSO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Harmony Search (HS) algorithms were investigated for the prediction of outcomes. This work deftly explains the tremendous AFSO technique, which achieves the precise ideal values of the weights in the model to crown the mathematical modeling technique. This has been proved by the minimum, maximum, and sample median, and the first and third quartiles were used as the basis for a boxplot through the standardized method of showing the dataset. It graphically displays the quantitative value distribution of a field. The correlation matrix and confidence interval were represented graphically using the corrupt method.