• 한국인구학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.47-65
• /
• 1985

Three stages of population growth during last forty years affected differently to the labor force and employment in Korea. The first impact of rapid population growth on the labor force occured after the end of World War II. Sudden growth of population due to repartriation and refugees directly increased the labor force. Deteriorating labor market conditions were caused not only by the explosive labor supply but also by the shortage of employment opportunities due to a lack of productive facilities. This severe excess supply of labor continued until the early 196Os. Population growth in the second stage which caused by high fertility during the post Korean War baby boom period induced an eventual increase in the labor supply with time lag of more than fifteen years. Younger persons born during baby boom period were flooded the labor market. Fortunately, job opportunities were expanded more rapidly than the labor force supply because high rates of economic growth and speedy industrialization were continued until the later half of 1970s. Unemployment, therefore, decreased dramatically during this period. The effect of third stage which is characterized as mitigated population growth due to birth control has appeared in the labor market since late 1970s. The growth rate of labor force has been going down and the proportion of younger workers was also been decreasing. From the early 1980s, furthermore, partial disharmony between supply of and demand for the younger workers is closing up. Less educated younger workers who works at low wage are lacking while more educated youngers who want to work at high wage are being excess, because a lot of younger prefer higher education rather than productive job. It is expected that the structural inharmony will be diversified in the future in Korea. The labor force will be changed to middleaged, highly educated and womenized till year 2000, and, after then, to old-aged. On the demand side, industries and jobs will transferred to be labor-saving and soft. These structural changes of labor supply and demand will not matching in time. Aggregate supply of labor force will be steadily increasing more rapidly than aggregate demand for labor until year 2000, and this trend will continue to the first one or two decades of the 2lth century because the persons born dufing the baby boom pariod are being eligible couples in recent. Therefore, conclusion is that appropriate manpower development policy as well as sustained birth control policy is necessary for harmonizing the structural unbalance and the disequilibrium between aggregate labor supply and demand in the future.

• 노동경제논집
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.55-92
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 우리나라 제조업에 있어서 산업별 시장개방의 차이가 기업의 고용전략과 노사관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석을 통하여 살펴본다. 우선 기업의 고용전략 면을 살펴보면 시장개방이 확대될 때 혁신전략 또는 노동비용절약적인 전략 중 어느 특정 전략을 선호하는 것으로는 나타나지 않는데 이는 시장개방이 임금이나 고용에 매우 미약한 영향을 미쳐왔다는 기존의 외국 연구와도 연관성을 갖는다. 또한 세계화 등으로 시장개방이 확대되면 기업이 노동비용절약적인 정책을 보다 더 확대할 것이라는 일반적 우려가 적어도 우리나라 제조업 부문에서는 실증적으로 증명되지 않는다는 것을 보여준다. 시장개방과 노사관계에 관한 연구 결과는 좀더 흥미로운데, 시장개방도가 높은 산업에 속하는 기업일수록 협력적 노사관계를 가질 가능성이 높게 나타나고 있다. 또한 시장개방이 확대될 때 노동조합이 존재하는 경우에 협력적인 노사관계가 보다 더 강해지는 것으로 나타나는데 이는 '대외경쟁'라는 공동의 적이 생기면 노동조합이 있는 경우 노사가 더 합심해서 타계하려고 노력한다는 것을 시사한다.

• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.81-105
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 ICT산업의 연구개발투자에 따른 비용저감 효과를 계측하는데 그 목적이 있다. 일반적으로 연구개발투자는 제품혁신과 공정혁신을 유발하고, 또 이들은 각각 매출증대와 비용저감 효과를 견인하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 기 수행된 실증연구들을 살펴보면, 그 대부분이 연구개발투자의 매출증대 기여부분에 초점을 두고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 주목받고 있는 ICT산업을 중심으로 연구개발투자의 비용저감 효과를 분석해 보았다. 이를 위해 초월대수 비용함수와 비용점유율 방정식을 설정하였으며, SUR방법을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 그 분석결과, 연구개발투자에 따른 총비용의 감소효과는 유의한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 연구개발투자와 각 생산요소들 간의 관계를 살펴보았는데, 연구개발투자와 중간투입은 상호 대체관계, 노동 및 자본과는 보완관계인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.367-372
• /
• 2010

Consumption of pepper, a major spice vegetable used for seasoning Kimchi, continues to increase, but cultivation is in decline due to shortage of rural labor in Korea. The 39.2% of total labor requirement for conventional pepper cultivation was available for harvesting work. Therefore conventional manual harvesting should be turned to mechanical harvesting for labor-saving, cost-reducing and easy work. Surveys on conventional pepper cultivation patterns, labor requirements for various pepper cultivation works, and farmers' opinions on the mechanization of pepper harvesting were conducted to obtain basic informations. The labor requirement for pepper harvesting was 954 h/ha out of a total labor requirement of 2,436 h/ha for pepper cultivation. Harvesting was the hardest work, and hiring workmen for harvesting was also difficult. Farmers preferred to develop a small-scale pepper harvester using agricultural tractor or cultivar. Most farmer agreed to change cultivation pattern for mechanization of pepper harvesting, but hesitated to adopt new one-time-harvesting pepper varieties.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.294-303
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the profitability of four selective mechanization systems in rice cultivation. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the farmers' field during the wet season (June to November) of 2015 in Bangladesh. Mechanization systems were applied to evaluate four different selective levels (treatment) in eleven consequent operations. Seedlings were raised in a traditional seedbed and trays for manual and mechanical transplanting, respectively. Land preparation, irrigation, fertilizer, pesticide, carrying, and threshing and cleaning operations were performed using the same method in all the experimental plots. The mechanical options in the transplanting, weeding, and harvesting operations were changed. The mechanization systems were $S_1$ = hand transplanting + hand weeding + harvesting by sickle, $S_2$ = mechanical transplanting + Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) weeder + reaper, $S_3$ = mechanical transplanting + BRRI power weeder + reaper, and $S_4$ = mechanical transplanting + herbicide + reaper. This experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Power tiller, rice transplanter, BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, self-propelled reaper, BRRI open drum thresher, and BRRI winnower were used in the respective operations. Accordingly, the techno-economic performances of the different technologies were calculated and compared with those of the traditional system. Results: The mechanically transplanted plot produced 6-10% more yield than the hand transplanted plot because of the use of tender-aged seedlings. Mechanical transplanting reduced 61% labor and 18% cost compared to manual transplanting. The BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, and herbicide application reduced 74, 91, and 98% labor, respectively. The latter also saved 72, 63, and 82% cost, respectively, compared to hand weeding. Herbicide application reduced the substantial amount of labor and cost in the weeding operation. Mechanical harvesting also saved 96% labor and 72% cost compared to the traditional method of harvesting using sickle. Selective mechanization saved 15-17% input cost compared to the traditional method of rice cultivation. Conclusions: Mechanical transplanting with the safe use of herbicide and harvesting by reaper is the most cost- and labor-saving operation. The method might be the recommended set of selective mechanization for enhancing productivity.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제18권3호통권47호
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this study were to identify the attitudes toward of market goods characteristics and to investigate the relationships between attitudes toward market goods characteristics and the level of market goods substitution of housework. For empirical analysis, the data of the study was collected from 572 married women living in Seoul. A questionnaire was used as a survey method. Data was analysed using SPSS/WIN8. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1) Wives had negative attitudes toward quality characteristics in the domain of food, but positive attitudes in the domain of clothes. They had positive attitudes toward time/labor saving characteristic, especially ready-made side dishes and dining-out, whereas negative attitudes toward money saving characteristic in the domain of food and clothes. 2) The level of market goods substitution of housework was influenced by the attitudes toward market goods characteristics.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.231-243
• /
• 1995

This paper aims to study regional difference in strawberry farming technology and its causal factors based on the survey of controlled strawberry farmers in three major strawberry cultivating regions, which are Nonsan county of Chungnam Province, Damyang County of Junnam Province and Guchang County of Kyungnam Province. There are differences in variety adoption, packaging and grading method which cause the farming income gap among these regions. Farmers of Guchang County, who adopt new variety Yeobong and packing system, raised highest gross receipts but ranked next to Damyang in terms of net income because of high packing cost. Farmers of Nonsan County earned lowest income because of poor quality and low price in spite of adopting packing cost saving method. Therefore, results of this study shows that successful farming technology depend on whether or not farmers adopt market oriented technology. It is suggested that direction of strawberry farming technology should focus on adopting new varieties which can contribute to increasing farmers' paid price and developing technology of reducing cost such as labor saving and packing machine.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.3153-3159
• /
• 1973

Although standard method of test for liquid limit procedure is issued under the fixed designation KSF-2303 in 1968, for both of general method and on point method, the latter of which is not still favorably used among laboratory engineers with its defficiency of adquate informations. This study intended as to furnish proper information to the laboratory engineers for the use of one point liquid limit test with full advantages of time-saving and labor-saving. further more, the following conversion formula to the one point method VS. general method is presented by the results of analytical study on 1017 Soil sampls existing liquid limit test data The formula is; $$W_L = W(\frac{N}{25})^{0.118}$$ The conversion factor (table-4) is also attached for the convenience of the users.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 1985

수도이앙의 생력화를 위한 소식을 함으로써, 수도의 종내경합에 의한 수량감소를 막고, 시비로 증수가능성이 큰 초형을 탐색하기 위하여 본 연구는 수행되었다. 공시한 3개 초형의 동질유전자 계통은 Open-type, Spread-type 및 Broom-type 이었으며, 이들을 $m^2$당 47.62, 22.22, 15.15, 11.11, 8.33주로 이앙하고, 시비는 N-P$_2$O$_{5}$-K$_2$O=15.0-7.0-8.0kg/10a를 표준으로 한 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 배비로 하였다. 시험결과, 1. 소식에 따른 출수지연은 종내경합정도에 비례하여서 다비할수록 약화되었으며, 작물초형별로는 Broom$\longrightarrow$ Spread$\longrightarrow$ Open-type의 순이었다. 2. 잡초와의 종간경합은 소식.다비로 증대되었으며, 작물초형별로는 Broom-type에서 특히 다연생잡초종에 의한 경합이 커지는 경향이었다. 3. 시비량증대에 따라 천립중을 제외한 면적당수수.수당영화수.등숙률은 3초형 모두 증대경향을 나타냈으나 재식밀도에 따른 반응은 면적당수수만 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 4. 수량성은 Open-type과 Spread-type의 경우, 이앙밀도와 정상관을 보인 반면에 Broom-type에서는 수량차이가 인정되지 않았다. 5. $m^2$당 이앙밀도를 15, 11, 8주로 낮추었을 때, Open-type은 각각 1.12, 1.21 및 1.28배비로써 그리고 Broom-type은 각각 1.22, 1.35, 1.4배비로써 Open-type 표준수량의 보상이 가능하였다.다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2010

남부지역에서 녹두 생력재배(whole crop feeding combine 수확)에 적합한 품종을 선발하고 종실품질을 규명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 다현녹두는 도복과 병해에 강하고 개체당 협수가 많아 수량성이 우수하여 생력재배에 적합하였다. 국내에 많이 보급된 어울녹두와 금성녹두는 병해에 약하거나 개체 당 협수가 적어 수량이 낮았다. 종실의 전분 함량은 삼강녹두, 조단백질 함량은 장안녹두와 남평녹두 및 금성녹두, vitexin과 isovitexin 함량은 소현녹두에서 많았다. 그러나 조지방 함량은 품종 간 차이가 없었고, 불포화지방산이 51.8~57.2%, 포화지방산이 36.2~40.3% 차지하였다. 불포화지방산은 5종이 확인되었고 linoleic acid (36.1~38.6%), linolenic acid (10.3~14.7%), oleic acid (2.7~4.6%) 순으로 함량비가 높았다. 포화지방산은 7종이 확인되었고 palmitic acid (28.7~30.9%), stearic acid (2.9~4.1%), arachidic acid (1.5~3.7%) 순으로 함량비가 높았다. 종실의 amylogram 특성은 시험품종 간 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 호화개시온도는 남평 녹두에서 낮았고, 최고점도와 강화점도는 다현녹두에서 높았으며, 치반점도는 소현녹두, 남평녹두, 다현녹두에서 낮았다.