• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.95-128
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• 2018

This study tries to measure the change in the state dependence of the three labor supply choices (part-time, full-time, and the state of unemployed) in Korean married women's labor market by estimating the dynamic multinomial logit model based on MSL (maximum simulated likelihood) method. A component representing individual's unobserved characteristics has been introduced, because it is crucial to control for unobserved heterogeneity in assessing the state dependence. Estimation results show that the state dependences of the three alternatives have strengthened recently. Therefore, part-time job has become more likely to be functioning as an extra option to participate in labor market rather than a bridge(stepping stone) or shelter between unemployment and full-time job.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.452-461
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• 2021

Background: The prevailing global work scenario and deteriorating health facilities in economies indulge the risk perspective in the labor market model. This is the reason that the risk factor is cautiously attributed to wages and labor market efficiencies specifically in developing and emerging economies. In this respect, Occupational Injuries of Workers (OIW) is considered essential to demonstrate the risk and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) setups given the constraints of the labor. Intuitively, the prime objective of this study is to make an assessment of the labor market considering the OIW through the indicators of industry division, employment status, occupational distribution, adopted treatment, gender and regionality. Methods: The assessment strategy of the study has been categorized into trend analysis and Index Value Calculation (IVC) segments employing the data from 2001 to 2018. Results: The pattern of the selected indicators of the OIW has been observed in the available data while the IVC estimations are considered through time and reference categories. The findings of both exercises revealed absolute and relative heterogeneities at both industry and occupational levels. Conclusion: The consistency for gender and regional distribution of both assessments points out the need for effective policy initiatives. The study suggests separate analyses of industry and occupations for a better understanding of the OHS setups and up-gradation in Pakistan.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.77-86
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• 2021

This study aims at exploring the change of the total fertility rate(TFR) in regional level and analysing what different effects the local labor market and housing market have on the change of TFR. Previous studies have emphasized that the job and housing issues of the youth are structural factors on the decline of TFR. However, considering that youth problem is variant in local level, the relationship of job and housing issues with TFR could be different in local level. This study analyses what effects the situation of local labor market and housing market have on the TFR from 2012 to 2018 in regional level. The result is that the employment and housing factors have different effects on capital areas and non-capital areas. While the high cost of housing has negative effects on TFR in capital areas, it has rather positive effects in non-capital areas. However, labor market variables have statistically insignificant effects on TFR.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-68
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• 2022

In this paper we define wage premium of college hierarchy as a wage differential among college graduates from different universities within the same graduate cohort and estimate the wage premium of college hierarchy for the three different cohorts: namely, 1982, 1992, and 2002. We utilize a unique data set called Education-Labor Market Lifetime Path Survey, which contains education and labor market information about the three different college graduate cohorts. We find that the wage premium of college hierarchy changes over time for the same cohort. It tends to large right after graduation but decrease with labor market experience. When the test score at the time of college entrance controlled, the wage premium of college hierarchy mostly disappears for the 1992 cohort. But for the 2002 cohort it remains seven years after graduation. The difference in the wage premium of college hierarchy can be explained, at least partly, by the number of colleges, college enrollment ratio, and the relation between college hierarchy and the entrance test score.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.145-179
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• 2023

This study empirically examines the relationship between the education and competence, age and competence, and the returns to skills in the labor market in different countries using PIAAC data. The main focus is notable characteristics of Korea compared to other PIAAC participant countries. Contrary to young students who have highest scores in international tests, Korean adults made mediocre performances in all three areas, numeracy, literacy, and problem solving. It turns out that the correlation between educational level and competence is weak in Korea compared to other countries, whereas the depreciation of competence from aging is strongest. In terms of labor market returns, literacy skills get highest returns while problem-solving skills get lowest in Korea. In contrast, the numeracy skills get highest returns, and the problem-solving skills have high returns than those of Korea in many other countries When we include three skills in the Mincer wage equation, the returns to problem solving skills have negative effect in Korea, which is rarely found in other countries. These results implies that problem-solving skills are not much appreciated in the Korean labor market and Korean adults have few opportunities of accumulating human capital after finishing formal education. Korean need to rethink the ways to accumulate human capital and enhance economic performances to overcome high deprecation in human capital after formal education and to make the labor market more efficient in a sense that adults' competence results in the due economic returns.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.37-57
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• 1996

Intra-metropolitan spatial segmentation of the labor marker requires barriers of mobility on both supply and demand side of the local labor marker. The phenomena of spatial segmentation of the labor market are particularly applied to the secondary workers rather than to the primary workers. Supply side barriers include the costs of obtaining job information regarding jobs outside of the immediate area, commuting costs, and barriers to residential mobility. Demand side barriers include site-specific technology and product demand, and discrimination. In this paper, I discuss these barriers and examine their implications for differences in segmentation by demographic and skill groups at the intra-metropolitan scale. In particular, I apply a job search model to examine supply side barriers such as information and commuting costs, and an implicit contract model to explain demand side barriers such as dual/internal labor market and firms' (re) location strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1043-1051
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• 2013

We use a structural vector error correction model of the labor market to investigate the effect of shocks to Korean unemployment. We associate technology, labor demand, labor supply, and wage-setting shocks with equations for productivity, employment, unemployment, and real wages, respectively. Subsequently, labor demand and supply shocks have significant long-run and contemporaneous effects on unemployment, respectively.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.53-85
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• 2020

We examine how certain occupational physical requirements affect labor transitions of disabled workers by exploiting a unique feature of South Korean Disability Insurance (DI), where award rules are based solely on an applicant's medical condition, independent of his previous occupations. We estimate the labor market response to a health shock by constructing a physical intensity measure from O^⁎NET and applying it to longitudinal South Korean household panel data. Our results suggest that health shocks initially lead to a 14 to 20 percent drop in employment and that this effect is greater for workers who previously held physically demanding occupations. Those who remain part of the labor market exhibit higher occupational mobility toward less physically demanding jobs. These findings imply that the magnitudes of income risks associated with health shocks vary depending on occupational and skill characteristics.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 1985

Three stages of population growth during last forty years affected differently to the labor force and employment in Korea. The first impact of rapid population growth on the labor force occured after the end of World War II. Sudden growth of population due to repartriation and refugees directly increased the labor force. Deteriorating labor market conditions were caused not only by the explosive labor supply but also by the shortage of employment opportunities due to a lack of productive facilities. This severe excess supply of labor continued until the early 196Os. Population growth in the second stage which caused by high fertility during the post Korean War baby boom period induced an eventual increase in the labor supply with time lag of more than fifteen years. Younger persons born during baby boom period were flooded the labor market. Fortunately, job opportunities were expanded more rapidly than the labor force supply because high rates of economic growth and speedy industrialization were continued until the later half of 1970s. Unemployment, therefore, decreased dramatically during this period. The effect of third stage which is characterized as mitigated population growth due to birth control has appeared in the labor market since late 1970s. The growth rate of labor force has been going down and the proportion of younger workers was also been decreasing. From the early 1980s, furthermore, partial disharmony between supply of and demand for the younger workers is closing up. Less educated younger workers who works at low wage are lacking while more educated youngers who want to work at high wage are being excess, because a lot of younger prefer higher education rather than productive job. It is expected that the structural inharmony will be diversified in the future in Korea. The labor force will be changed to middleaged, highly educated and womenized till year 2000, and, after then, to old-aged. On the demand side, industries and jobs will transferred to be labor-saving and soft. These structural changes of labor supply and demand will not matching in time. Aggregate supply of labor force will be steadily increasing more rapidly than aggregate demand for labor until year 2000, and this trend will continue to the first one or two decades of the 2lth century because the persons born dufing the baby boom pariod are being eligible couples in recent. Therefore, conclusion is that appropriate manpower development policy as well as sustained birth control policy is necessary for harmonizing the structural unbalance and the disequilibrium between aggregate labor supply and demand in the future.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.200-216
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• 2015

This paper empirically investigates the role of R&D intensity on market concentration of firms using four key market valuation variables, namely (1) market share, (2) labor intensity, (3) firm age and, (4) firm's market value. The empirical tests use database at firm level for the Indian IT sector from 1999 to 2013 from the CMIE Prowess database. The results of the regression analyses partially support our hypothesis that R&D intensity positively influences firm's market value measure by the H-index. The test results are consistent with the hypotheses that R&D spending is more valuable for firms with larger market shares, higher labor intensity, and firms that are diversified.