• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2013

삼중치는 치아의 형태이상 중 희소한 경우로서 세 개의 치아가 결합된 양상을 보이는 것을 가리키는 용어이다. 그 동안 유치의 결합에 대한 문헌은 많이 보고된 바 있으나 대부분 두 개 치아의 결합에 대한 것이고 세 개 치아에 대한 보고는 드물었다. 삼중치는 치아 우식, 심미적인 문제, 부정 교합, 치주 문제 등을 동반할 수 있어 여러 전문 분야의 협진을 필요로 한다. 이 증례는 1세 11개월 여아의 상악 유전치부에 발생한 드문 증례인 삼중치에 대한 보고이다. 환아는 상악 우측 전치부 순측 치은 종창을 주소로 내원하였으며 3주전 해당 부위에 치아 외상을 입은 병력을 가지고 있었다. 환아의 구강 내 검사 시 상악 우측 유전치부위에 유중절치, 유측절치, 과잉치가 합쳐진 삼중치가 발견되었고 주변으로 누공과 농양이 관찰되었으며 방사선 사진에서 상악 우측 측절치가 결손된 것으로 판단되었다. 해당 치아에 대해 근관치료를 시행하였으며 복합레진을 이용하여 치관부위를 수복하였다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2000

Optimal Pressable Ceramic is one of the all-ceramic restorations with a shaded translucent pressed core and layering porcelains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal fidelity according to margin types and measurement sites, and to evaluate fracture strength according to margin types. Twenty seven OPC crowns made according to 3 types of cervical finishing lines were used in this study. Marginal gaps were measured before and after cementation. A Steromicroscope(SZ-ST(R), Olympus, Japan) was used to measure the space between the margin of OPC crown and the finishing line of metal model. Marginal gaps were measured at the labial, mesial, lingual and distal site, which were demonstrated in advance. Fracture strength testing was carried out using an Instron(Model M100EC, Mecmesin, England) at a cross head speed of 5 mm/min. All crowns were loaded until catastrophic failures occurred. The result were as follow: 1. In comparison according to variable margin before cementation, the marginal gap were increased in chamfer margin($47.50{\pm}18.39{\mu}m$), $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin ($55.21{\pm}14.4{\mu}m$) and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin($71.18{\pm}13.30{\mu}m$) in ascending order, and there were significant differences between chamfer margin and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin, $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin and between $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin respectively(p<0.05). 2. In comparison according to variable margin after cementation, the gap discrepancies were increased in chamfer margin($60.78{\pm}30.37{\mu}m$), $120^{\circ}$shoulder margin($66.67{\pm}11.18{\mu}m$) and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin($85.78{\pm}17.23{\mu}m$) in ascending order, but there was significant difference only between chamfer margin and $90^{\circ}$shoulder margin(p<0.05). 3. Labio-lingual points showed a better marginal fidelity than that of proximal point(p<0.05). 4. Chamfer margin($48.76{\pm}8.45kgf$) showed higher fracture strength than $120^{\circ}$ shoulder margin($40.57{\pm}7.90kgf$) and $90^{\circ}$ shoulder margin(32.7.90kgf) (p<0.05), but there was significant difference only between chamfer margin and $90^{\circ}$ shoulder margin(p<0.05).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 한국인의 상악 유중절치와 유측절치와 기성 지르코니아 크라운의 형태 및 크기를 3차원적으로 분석함으로써 가장 유사한 지르코니아 크라운을 선별하고 수복시 임상적 지침을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 300명의 어린이의 건전한 상태의 상악 유중절치, 유측절치를 3차원 스캔하여 평균 형태를 재현하였고, 4개의 제조사(NuSmile $ZR^{(R)}$ Crown, Cheng $Crowns^{(R)}$, Kinder $Krowns^{(R)}$, EZ $Pedo^{(R)}$ Crown)의 지르코니아 크라운을 3차원 스캔하여 형태 및 크기 비교를 위한 좌표점을 측정하여 치아와 크라운 형태의 유사성을 평가하였다. 근원심 길이, 절단연에서 치경부까지의 길이, 치관 형태 비율, 같은 좌표에서 치아와 크라운의 거리, 순면의 곡률반경, 그리고 체적을 비교하여 최종적으로 가장 유사한 지르코니아 크라운을 선별하였다. 분석 결과, 상악 유중절치는 Cheng $Crowns^{(R)}$ 3번, 유측절치는 NuSmile $ZR^{(R)}$ Crown 2번이 가장 유사한 형태를 가졌으며, 이 크라운의 내면을 스캔하여 크라운 수복시 필요한 치아 삭제량을 평가한 결과, 기존의 제조사의 가이드라인으로 제시되어 있는 양보다 전반적으로 더 적은 치아 삭제를 시행하는 것을 제안할 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dental therapeutic agent on conduction velocity and threshold current of intradental A- and C-fibers in the cat. Inferior alveolar nerve of cat anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital was exposed and dissected until response of functional single pulp nerve until could be evoked by monopolar electrical stimulation of the crown of the lower left canine teeth. 10ms rectangular pulse was used to determine the threshold current and 1ms rectangular pulse was used to determine conduction velocity. After application of calcium chloride (1, 2, 6M), calcium hydroxide mixed with saline, potassium chloride (0.2, 0.8, 1.6M), eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol to the cavity on the labial surface, conduction velocity and threshold current of single pulp nerve unit were compared with the control. In 10 cats, 24 $A{\delta}$- and 11 C- pulp nerve units were recorded. The mean conduction velocities of $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers were 7.5m/sec (SD=5.8) and 1.2m/sec (SD=0.4), respectively. The mean threshold current was $12.3{\mu}A$ (SD=5.3) for $A{\delta}$-fibers and $24.9{\mu}A$ (SD=8.1) for C-fibers. 1, 2, 6M calcium chloride caused decrease of conduction velocity and remarkable increase of threshold current in $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers. The effect of calcium hydroxide mixed with saline was similar but smaller than calcium chloride solution. 0.2M potassium chloride had insignificant effect. In 0.8M potassium chloride, the threshold current was increased although conduction velocity was not affected. In 1.6M potassium chloride, the threshold current was increased and the conduction velocity was slowed down. Spontaneous activity was recorded frequently for first 5 min but gradually reduced both in $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers. Eugenol had irreversible effect on pulp nerve in that initially there were not certain changes in the conduction velocity and threshold current of $A{\delta}$- and C-fibers, but the responses to electrical stimulation were abruptly disappeared after sustained application and were not recovered. Contrary to eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol did not caused significant increase of the threhold current and caused time dependent decrease of the conduction velocity, and did not show any irreversible change.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.131-147
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to observe the color matching of lining or filling materials according to the remaining tooth material. Twenty-seven freshly extracted human central incisors were used in this experiments. The teeth were stored in saline solution at room temperature after extraction. All teeth were cut parallel to the tangent to height of contour on labial surface from the lingual surface until the pulp were completely removed. Then 27 teeth were devided into 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 1.5mm reduction groups according to the thickness of cutting the lingual surfaces of teeth. The specimens of control group were three teeth of 27 teeth with cutting the lingual surface same mode as above described. In the specimens of experimental groups, 8 kinds of lining and filling materials; FUJI IONOMER TYPE II (G-C Co. Japan), LINING CEMENT (G-C Co. Japan), Dycal (Caulk, U.S.A.), CLEARFIL F II (Kuraray Co. Japan), Crown Bridge & Inlay Cement (G-C Co. Japan), Copalite (Harry J. Bosworth Co. U.S.A.), HY-BOND (G-C Co. Japan) and LIV-CENERA (G-C Co. Japan); applied on the back of 24 teeth with 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 1.5mm cut thickness of lingual surfaces. Three teeth of control group did not applied linging or filling materials on the back of 3 kinds of different thickness of cutting the lingual surfaces. The absorbances of total 27 specimens were obtained by reflection spectrophotometer. (Cary 17 D, Varian Co, U.S.A.) The following conclusions were drawn from above the results; 1. The absorbance patterns in both experiment and control groups were gradually decreased with increasing wavelength of spectra. 2. The absorbance patterns were not decreased in relation to the kinds of lining or filling materials, but the amount of the remaining tooth materials. 3. In 0.5mm reduction group, FUJI IONOMER TYPE II, LINING CEMENT, LIV-CENERA and Copalite applied on the back of cut lingual surface showed similar absorbance patterns as control group. 4. The specimens which were reduced up to 1.0mm thickness and lined with FUJI IONOMER TYPE II and LINING CEMENT showed the comparable absorbance patterns to the control group. 5. In case of HY-BOND application after 1.5mm reduction were observed the similar absorbance pattern as compared with control group. 6. When Dycal, CLEARFIL and Crown Bridge & Inlay Cement were applied to cut teeth surfaces, there were much differences of absorbance between control groups and experimental groups.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1995

The purpose of this artic1e is to compare soft tissue profiles between Korean adults with normal occ1usion and malocclusin and to identify the differences between them. The subjects of this cephalometric study were 40 males with normal occlusion(Group 1), 27 females with normal occlusion(Group 2), 28 adults with Angle's Class II malocclusion(Group 3) and 41 adults with Angle's Class III malocclusion(Group 4). The results of this study were as follows ; 1) People with Angle's Class II malocclusion had tendency to have more labial tipping of lower teeth than people with normal occ1usion. Through NOA angle measurement, it was determined that people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had more protruding midface than people with normal occlusion and people with Angle's Class III malocclusion had retruding midface. 2) Through Powell's esthetic triangle analysis, it was determined that people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had retruding chin and protruding nose. 3) No significant differences between people with normal occlusion and maloclusion could be identified by measuring soft tissue profile angle basis of S-NS plane. 4) There were significant differences between groups with normal occlusion and malocclusion by measuring Facial convexity angle(Significance level 99%). 5) By measuring the distance between each landmark basis of N-Pog plane, People with Angle's Class II malocclusion were identified as having more protruding midface, but there were no significant differences between people with normal occlusion and Angle's Class III malocclusion. 6) By measuring the vertical dimension of the face, it was determined that the lower facial height was higher than the upper facial height in all groups, particularly in group with Angle's Class III malocclusion. 7) By measuring the lips basis of E-line and S-line, it was determined that people with Angle's Class III malocclusion had more, protruding lower lips than people with normal occlusion, while people with normal occlusion, while people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had more protruding upper lips. By measuring the distance between the superior sulcus and inferior sulcus basis of H-line, people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had thicker upper lips than the other's.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2012

모든 환자들은 구순접합술을 시행 받았고 구순 및 구개열 유아들은 악정형장치인 Latham을 사용하였다. 수술의 기술적 변화들은 앞서 설명하였다. Columella 부위의 높은 rotation과 releasing incision은 내측 입술 부위를 충분히 길게 해주고, advancement flap이 phitral column 상방으로 최소로 침범되게 하여 균형적인 입술을 만들 수 있다. 또한 구륜근을 외번시켜 philtral ridge를 형성하고, 작은 unilimb Z-plasty을 구순측 Cupid's bow handle 높이에 맞게 시행 후, vermilion-cutaneous junction에서부터 상방으로 cutaneous closure 시행한다. 변위된 alar cartilage는 nostril rim incision을 통해 동측 upper lateral cartilage에 매달며, Alar base는 anterior-caudal septum의 위치, sill의 설정 그리고 외측 vestibular web 제거를 포함하여 3차원적으로 설계하여 치료해야 한다. 이번에 소개한 Mulliken의 치료법이 환자들과 외과의사들에게 많은 도움이 되기를 바란다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.219-232
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 II급 1류 부정교합에서 bionator를 사용한 환자의 치료 전후 두부방사선계측사진에 유한요소법을 적용하여 나타난 변화를 각 요소별로 나타내며, 이러한 변화와 치료에 영향을 미치는 인자들 간의 연관성을 살펴보는데 있다. 앵글 II급 1류 부정 교합을 가진 73명을 치료결과가 양호한 군(1군)과 치료결과가 불량한 군(2군)으로 나눈 후 각각의 치료효과에 대한 유한요소분석을 실시한 후 성별간, 치료결과군간 및 치료시작시기와의 유의성을 검증하였으며 (SAS ANOVA, p<0.05), 치료기간과의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 또한 치료결과가 다르게 나오는 이유를 보고자 두개저의 길이(Ba-N)를 기준으로 1군에서 2군으로 유한요소분석을 실시하여 다음의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 치료효과와 성별간, 치료결과군간 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). 2. 치료시작 연령과 치료효과 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 치료효과와 치료기간 사이에서는 상악체, 상악절치, 하악절치, 전안면, 전상안면, 전하안면, 하악지 등을 대표하는 유한요소에서 유의한 차이(p<0.05)가 있었으나, 상관관계는 높지 않았다. 4. 유한요소 분석 결과 골격보다는 치아를 대표하는 요소의 변화가 더 컸다. 특히 상악절치의 위치, 하악절치의 위치, overbite 등을 나타내는 요소의 변화를 뚜렷하게 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 치료결과가 다르게 나타나는 이유를 두개저 (Ba-N)의 길이를 중심으로 유한요소로 분석 한 결과 두군사이에 골격 및 치아의 위치에서 상당한 차이가 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 치료결과가 나쁜 군에서 상악의 후하방 회전, 하악의 후방위치, 상악전치의 상대적인 설측경사, 하악절치의 상대적인 순측경사 등을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.89-112
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• 2002

The earliest reports of the use of electrical energy to directly stimulate bone healing seem to be in 1853 from England, the techniques involved the introduction of direct current into the non-united fracture site percutaneously via metallic needles, with subsequent healing of the defect. One endpoint of the periodontal therapy is to generate structure lost by periodontal diseases. Several procedural advances may support regeneration of attachment, however, regeneration of alveolar bone does not occur consistently. Therefore, factors which stimulate bone repair are areas for research in periodontal reconstructive therapy. Effects of cytokines or growth factors on bone repair are examples of such areas. Another one is electrical current which occurs in bone naturally, so that such bone may be particularly susceptible to electrical therapy. The purposes of this study were to observe the effects of electrical stimulation on the normal periodontium, to determine whether the electricity is the useful means for periodontal regeneration or not. Forty rats weighted about 100 gram were used and divided into 4 groups, the first group, there was no electrical stimulation with the connection of electrodes only. In the second group, there was stimulated by the 10 mA during 10 minutes per a day, in the third group was stimulated by the 25 mA , and the fourth by the 50 mA. At 3, 5, 10 and 15 days post-appliance , two rats in each group were serially sacrificed. and the maxillae and the mandible processed to paraffin, and the specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was the distinct reversal line on the lingual alveolar crest, whereas a little changes in the labial alveolarcrest to the duration and amount of currents. 2. In 50 mA group, the cells were highly concentrated at the apex of anterior teeth, and was observed the necrotic tissue. In posterior root apex, the hypercementosis was appeared, and newly formed cementum layer has been increased continuously with the time. 3. The periodontal ligament fiber and Sharpey's fiber were arranged in order, and the bone trabeculae were increased as the experiment proceeded by, relatively the bone marrows were decreased. 4. In the pulp tissue, the blood vessels were increased with blood congestion in the experimetal specimens remarkably, and the dentinal tubules were obstructed . 5. The osteoblasts in alveolar bone proper had been showed highly activity, and also observed the formation of bone trabeculea. In the conclusion, it was suggested that the electrical stimulation has influence on the periodontium and the pulp tissue. However, there might be the injurious effects.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

연구목적은 자가부식 프라이머의 적용 시기에 따른 타액과 혈액 오염에 대한 결합력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 유치 시편을 각각 10개씩 제작하여 대조군, 접착전 타액 오염, 접착제 중합후 타액 오염, 접착전 혈액 오염, 접착제 중합후 혈액 오염된 상황으로 2가지 종류의 자가부식 접착제와 복합레진을 적용하여 만능 물성 시험기로 전단결합강도를 측정, 분석하였다. 접착제 적용전 타액 오염(I군)시에는 대조군과 비교하여 결합력이 유사하거나 약간 감소되었으나, 통계학적 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 접착후 타액 오염(II군)이나 접착 전후의 혈액 오염(III, IV군)시 유의하게 결합력이 감소하였다. (P<0.01). Clearfil SE Bond가 AQ Bond보다 유의하게 높은 결합강도를 보였다(P<0.05).