• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1427-1438
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• 2007

Video watermarking technologies are classified into types of four kinds. The first type is to embed the watermark into a raw video signal and to code the watermarked video signal. Most of video watermarking technologies fall into the category of this type. The second type is to apply watermarking to the coding process, such as block DCT and quantization. The third is to directly embed the watermark into the compressed bitstream itself. Generally, it is referred as labelling rather than watermarking. Finally, the fourth is to embed the water mark into MPEG motion vector. This type has the difficulty in real-time process because of the high complexity and has the blocking effects because of DCT-based on coder. In this paper, we proposed the digital video watermarking that embed the watermark in SPIHT video code for I-frame using motion vector analysis. This method can remove the blocking effect occurred at the DCT-based on coder and obtain video data that has progressive transmission property. The proposed method is to select the region for the watermark embedding in I frame using motion vector estimated from the previous P or B frame. And then, it is to perform DWT and embed the watermark based on HVS into the wavelet coefficients in the same subband of DWT as the motion vector direction. Finally, the watermarked video bitstream is obtained by the SPIHT coder. The experimental results verified that the proposed method has the invisibility from the objective and subjective image quality and the robustness against the various SPIHT compression and MPEG re-code.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.162-170
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• 2003

The probabilistic anatomical maps are used to localize the functional neuro-images and morphological variability. The quantitative indicator is very important to inquire the anatomical position of an activated legion because functional image data has the low-resolution nature and no inherent anatomical information. Although previously developed MNI probabilistic anatomical map was enough to localize the data, it was not suitable for the Korean brains because of the morphological difference between Occidental and Oriental. In this study, we develop a probabilistic anatomical map for Korean normal brain. Normal 75 blains of T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo magnetic resonance images were acquired on a 1.5-T GESIGNA scanner. Then, a standard brain is selected in the group through a clinician searches a brain of the average property in the Talairach coordinate system. With the standard brain, an anatomist delineates 89 regions of interest (ROI) parcellating cortical and subcortical areas. The parcellated ROIs of the standard are warped and overlapped into each brain by maximizing intensity similarity. And every brain is automatically labeledwith the registered ROIs. Each of the same-labeled region is linearly normalize to the standard brain, and the occurrence of each legion is counted. Finally, 89 probabilistic ROI volumes are generated. This paper presents a probabilistic anatomical map for localizing the functional and structural analysis of Korean normal brain. In the future, we'll develop the group specific probabilistic anatomical maps of OCD and schizophrenia disease.