• Title/Summary/Keyword: lRE

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Preparation and Characterization of the Paramagnetic Rhenium Complex, $(CO)_4ReL_2$ [$L_2$= 2,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride]

  • Kim Dae-Soo;Chung Young-Baek;Kang Sang-Ook;Ko Jae-Jung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.235-240
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    • 1992
  • The paramagnetic complex of $(CO)_4ReL_2[L_2=$ 2,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride] was prepared both by the photochemically induced homolytic splitting of $Re_2(CO)_10withL_2and$ by the chemical reduction of $[(CO)_4ReL_2]SO_3CF_3.$ The $(CO)_4ReL_2$ compound was characterized by ESR spectrum. The spectrum exhibits three group of sextets arising from one $^{185.187}Re$ nucleus (Ⅰ= 5/2) and two equivalent $^31P$ nuclei (Ⅰ= 1/2). Infrared, ESR, and cyclic voltammetric data are reported for all of the complexes prepared in this study.

L-RE Coordinates Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Real-time Multiprocessor System (실시간 멀티프로세서 시스템에서의 태스크 스케줄을 위한 L-RE 좌표 알고리즘)

  • Huang, Yue;Kim, Yong-Soo
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.147-153
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    • 2007
  • Task scheduling is an essential part of any computer system for allocating tasks to a processor of the system among various competitors. As we know, in real-time system, the failure of scheduling a hard real-time task my lead to disastrous consequence. Besides efficiency, resource and speed, real-time system has to take time constraint in serious consideration. This paper proposes a priority-driven scheduling algorithm for real-time multiprocessor system. which is called L-RE coordinates algorithm. L-RE coordinates is a new way of describing the task scheduling problem. In the algorithm, we take both deadline and laxity into consideration for allocating the priority. The simulation result shows that the new algorithm is viable and performance better than EDF and LLF algorithm on schedulability and context switch respectively.

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Antioxidative and Physiological Activity of Extracts of Angelica dahurica Leaves (구릿대 잎 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 생리활성)

  • Lee, Yang-Suk
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.78-86
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    • 2007
  • This study prepared extracts of Angelica dahurica leaves using reflux water extraction (RW), reflux ethanol extraction (RE) and pressure heating water extraction (PW). The extracts were extraction for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase. The PW extraction method yielded the highest content of polyphenol compounds (95.23 mg/g). The electron donating abilities (EDAs) of RE and PW extracts were 76.02% and 70.08% respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were 13.45 19.00%, when extracts were assayed at 1 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability (pH 1.2) of the PW extract was 54.33% higher than levels shown (44.24%) by the RE and RW extracts. The inhibition of xanthine oxidase by the RW extract was highest (99.71% at 5 mg/mL) while that of the PW extract was over 97% at 500 g/mL. Tyrosinase inhibition was highest in the RE extract (46.25% at 5 mg/mL). All extracts showed dose-dependent inhibitory activities. The results indicated that the PW extract had the highest polyphenol content, the RW and RE extracts had the best nitrite scavenging ability, and the RE extract showed the most pronounced effect on EDA, SOD-like activity and tyrosinase inhibition.

Logosphère de G. Bachelard et les rêveries de langue (바슐라르의 Logosphère와 언어적 몽상)

  • HONG, Myung-Hee
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.25
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    • pp.679-694
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    • 2011
  • La langue est un des ${\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}ments$ $privil{\acute{e}}gi{\acute{e}}s$ de la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ chez Bachelard. La langue est une force fondamentale de l'imagination. D'une part, elle garde son propre valeur dans le processus de l'imagination, et d'autre part elle forme sa propre image. La $priorit{\acute{e}}$ de langue chez Bachelard a, en effet, quelque liaison avec la notion de Logos qui avait ${\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ $trait{\acute{e}}$ depuis longtemps comme $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}$ ${\acute{e}}ternelle$ dans la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Cependant, la notion de logos de Bachelard se $diff{\grave{e}}re$ de celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Tandis que la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle traite le logos comme un but ${\acute{e}}ternel$ de sa $m{\acute{e}}ditation$, Bachelard donne l'importance sur la $capacit{\acute{e}}$ linguistique et imaginaire du logos. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un des exemples qui montre bien la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ entre la notion de logos de Bachelard et celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un $n{\acute{e}}ologisme$ de Bachelard qui est fait pour $d{\acute{e}}signer$ $l^{\prime}atmosph{\grave{e}}re$ verbal de la $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ l'emission de radio. Bachelard comprend le $ph{\acute{e}}nom{\grave{e}}ne$ de radio en tant que $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de $Psych{\acute{e}}$ dans la vie quotidienne. C'est $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ la technologie moderne que nous pouvons avoir l'univers de langue plus facilement par rapport aux $si{\grave{e}}cles$ $pr{\acute{e}}c{\acute{e}}dents$. Selon Bachelard, la radio n'est pas un simple instrument de communication. C'est une porte pour entrer dans la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ universelle. La radio est une voix du monde qui exprime notre inconscient. Quand un $r{\hat{e}}veur$ $r{\hat{e}}ve$, son $r{\hat{e}}verie$ se $d{\acute{e}}veloppe$ en se discutant avec le monde. Alors, quand nous $r{\hat{e}}vons$, nous parlons au monde et nous ${\acute{e}}coutons$ du monde, de sorte que nous devenons les citoyens du $logosph{\grave{e}}re$. Dans son oeuvre Sur la Grammatologie, J. Derrida critique la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale en la intitulant logocentrisme. Derrida pense que la philosophie occidentale a comme le but final la $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos. Cette $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos ne peut ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}alis{\acute{e}}e$ que par la langue de la voix, non pas par la langue de $caract{\grave{e}}re$. $D^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ vient le logocentrisme ou le phonocentrisme de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidental. Mais Derrida pense que le logocentrisme n'est qu'un autre aspect de l'ethnocentrisme ${\acute{e}}troit$ de l'occident. La notion de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard a quelques ressemblances avec logocentrisme par ses apparences. Cependant, elles ont une $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ fondamentale depuis leur $d{\acute{e}}part$. Tandis que logocentrisme $tra{\hat{i}}te$ la parole en tant que $mani{\grave{e}}re$ d'expression de raison qui est une puissance fondamentale de l'homme, Bachelard pense que la parole est un $r{\acute{e}}sultat$ d'une opposition et fusion de notre raisons et parole. Bachelard pense que la parole est une $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de l'image qui est l'essence de notre $psych{\acute{e}}$. Pour lui, la parole, la quintessence de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$, est le champ de l'imagination $d^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ jaillissent les images. C'est pour cela que $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ se situe ${\grave{a}}$ l'antipode de logocentrisme. $Logosph{\grave{e}}re$ nous fournit un espace de $r{\hat{e}}verie$ de langue. Notre $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $fourr{\acute{e}}e$ des images visuelles creuses est $d{\acute{e}}pouill{\acute{e}}e$ de plus en plus des espaces de $r{\hat{e}}veries$. C'est une des raisons que le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}activ{\acute{e}}$ aujourd'hui.

Ginsenosides Attenuate Formalin-Induced Pains Through Spinal and Supraspinal Sites

  • Yoon, So-Rah;Park, Seok;Jung, Se-Yeon;Kim, Seok-Chang;Ko, Sung-Ryong;Nam, Ki-Yeul;Nah, Seung-Yeol
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.143-147
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    • 2000
  • In previous studies we have demonstrated that several individual ginsenosides such as Rc, Rd, Re and Ri relieves formalin-induced pain following systemic treatment. But it is unknown where these single ginsenosides induce antinociception. We investigated the antinoiceptive effect of four individual ginsenosides on formalin-induced pain after intrathecal (i.t.), intracereventricular (i.c.v.), or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration using mice. We found that ginsenoside Rc, Rd, and Re except Rf attenuated both acute and tonic phase of pain. Ginsenoside Rf attenuated only tonic phase of pain after i.t. administration. The ED$\_$50/ was 1.0 (0.55∼l.75 mg/kg) for Rc, 1.15 (0.6∼2.25 mg/kg) for Rd, and 8.9 (3.9∼20.5 mg/kg) for Re in acute phase of pain. The ED$\_$50/ was 0.3 (0.1∼0.85 mg/kg) for Rc, 0.6 (0.35∼l.1 mg/kg) for Rd, 2.45 (1.25∼4.65 mg/kg) for Re, and 1.9 (1.5∼4.25 mg/kg) for Rf in tonic phase of pain. We also found that ginsenoside Rc, Rd, Re, and Rf after i.c.v. administration attenuated both acute and tonic phase of pain. The ED5o for acute phase of pain was 0.9 (0.55∼l.4mg/kg) for Rc, 0.9 (0.45∼1.7 mg/kg) for Rd, 0.93 (0.5∼l .75 mg/kg) for Re, and 1.85 (0.95∼3.5 mg/kg) for Rf. The ED$\_$50/ for tonic phase of pain was 0.7 (0.45∼1.05 mg/kg) for Rc,1.25 (0.7∼2.2 mg/kg) for Rd, 0.85 (0.45∼1.6 mg/kg) for Re, and 0.8 (0.4∼1.45 mg/kg) for Rf. Thus, the order of the analgesic potency was Rc$\geq$Rd>Re>Rf in both i.t. and i.c.v. administration routes. However, s.c. pretreatment of four ginsenosides did not reduce formalin-induced pain. These results suggest that analgesic effect of ginsenosides is achieved through spinal or supraspinal site(s) in formalin test.

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Concave surface curvature effect on heat transfer from a turbulent round impinging jet (오목표면곡률이 난류원형충돌제트의 열전달에 미치는영향)

  • Im, Gyeong-Bin;Lee, Dae-Hui
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.691-699
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    • 1997
  • The effects of concave hemispherical surface curvature on the local heat transfer from a turbulent round impinging jet were experimentally investigated. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation on the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds number ranges from Re=11,000 to 50,000, the nozzle-to- surface distance from L/d=2 to 10, and the surface curvature from D/d=6 to 12.The present results are also compared to those for the flat plate case. In the experiment, the local Nusselt numbers tend to increase in all regions with an increasing surface curvature. The maximum Nusselt number for all Reynolds numbers occurred at L/d .ident. 6 and a second maximum in the Nusselt number occurred at R/d .ident. 2 for both Re=23,000 and Re=50,000 in the case of L/d=2 and for Re=50,000 only in the case of L/d=4. Meanwhile, as the surface curvature increases, the value of the secondary maximum Nusselt number decreases. All the other cases exhibit monotonically decreasing values of the Nusselt number along the curved surface. The stagnation point Nusselt numbers are well correlated with Re, L/d, and D/d.

KINETIC STUDIES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION(PART 1) EFFECT OF MECHANICAL AGITATION ON FERMENTATION (유산균 발효에 관한 동력학적 연구(제1보) 발효에 미치는 기계적 교반의 영향)

  • LEE Keun-Tai;HAN Bong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 1979
  • Mechanical agitation in fermentation process enhances the fermentation activity of microbes by means of oxygen supply and frequent collision with substrate. However, the fermentation activity of microaerophilic bacteria is inhibited by the excess oxygen resulted from the mechanical agitation. On this account, a a strain of Lactobacillus bulgarius was cultured to know the inhibition effect of the mechanical agitation and determine the optimum conditions for tile process of lactic acid fermentation. The growth rate of L. bulgaricus and the consumption rate of tile substrate revealed an identical pattern in changes. The two rates were constant in the range of the modified Reynolds number of $1\times10^5\;to\;5\times10^5$ while they showed linear increase in the range of the modified Reynolds number of $1\times10^5\;to\;10\times10^5$. Under the conditions of the modified Reynolds number more than $10\times10^5$, the both rates decreased. At the modified Reynolds number of $10\times10^5$, the maximum specific growth rate and the saturation constant of L. bulgaricus were 0.58/hr and 6.74g/l, respectively.

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Une étude sur les textes théâtrals de Young-Sun Yun: L'écriture théâtrale sur la mort et le deuil (윤영선 희곡 연구: 죽음과 애도의 글쓰기)

  • Ahn, chiwoon
    • Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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    • no.52
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    • pp.117-157
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    • 2014
  • Cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ est pour l'objectif de rechercher sur $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trale$ de la mort et le deuil dans les $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tres$ chez Young-sun Yun(1954-2007) ${\grave{a}}$ travers des textes dramatiques ${\acute{e}}crits$ par $lui-m{\hat{e}}me$, qui ${\acute{e}}tait$ aussi le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ depuis 1994 dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ contemporain en $Cor{\acute{e}}e$. Cette $th{\grave{e}}se$ est $commenc{\acute{e}}$ ${\grave{a}}$ ${\acute{e}}crire$ pas pour apprendre ses textes mais pour comprendre la ralation entre les textes et les ${\exp}{\acute{e}}riences$ de l'auteur. Ici, pour cela, j''ai $analys{\acute{e}}$ ses 4 $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trales$ produites ${\grave{a}}$ cette ${\grave{e}}poque$, dont (1994), (2000), $d{\acute{e}}biteur$, mon $p{\grave{e}}re$ est $progress{\acute{e}}$ de cancer>(1996), (2005), en referrant les rapports entre $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ dramatique et de la mort et le deuil de $p{\grave{e}}re$. Cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ $pr{\acute{e}}suppose$ un certain situation psychologue de l'auteur sur la mort et le deuil de personnage '$p{\grave{e}}re$'. L'auteur dramatique et le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ Young-sun Yun propose certaines orientations de la mort de son $p{\grave{e}}re$ dans ses texts dramatiques: le sentiment de victime sous le pouvoir absolu de son $p{\grave{e}}re$. Chez lui, ${\acute{e}}crire$ le texte dramatique, c'est transmettre les amertumes d'esprit et une forme de $r{\acute{e}}flextion$ vis-${\grave{a}}$-vis de la relation avec son $p{\grave{e}}re$ surtout le $probl{\grave{e}}me$ $inachev{\acute{e}}$ de deuil. c'est-${\grave{a}}$-dire fournir des sentiments coupables et des $anxi{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}s$ qui $r{\acute{e}}sident$ au fond de son coeur, tout au long de sa vie. Pour cette objecif, il est ${\acute{e}}vident$ qu'il faudra toujours partir du texte et y revenir. J'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ de ne pas $r{\acute{e}}duiser$ $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}tude$ des textes au respect myope des paroles des personnage et rester la $r{\acute{e}}flextion$ pshchologique sur la mort et le processu de deuil. J'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ d'appuyer mes remarques sur les sources $autoris{\acute{e}}es$: psychanalytiques en la $mati{\grave{e}}re$. C'est pourquoi j'ai cru devoir $pr{\acute{e}}senter$ cette recherche de l'analyse sous la forme d'une $synth{\grave{e}}se$ des principaux concepts de la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ de la pshchologie moderne qui permettent l'analyse des textes dramatiques.(Dany Nobus, David K. Switzer, Fritz Riemann, Giles Deleuze, Sigmund Freud, Julia Kristeva) Et auiss j'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ de explorer l'imaginaire des paroles dans les textes en ses rapports avec l'auteur et les personnages et entre les personnages. Ainsi conçu, j'ai $analys{\acute{e}}$ les formes de paroles en ce qui concerne la mort de $p{\grave{e}}re$ et le deuil. Cette $mani{\grave{e}}re$ s'est $r{\acute{e}}v{\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}e$ efficace pour montrer comment des traces de sentiment se transforment dans des textes. Dans les pluparts des personnages chez les textes de Young-sun Yun, on peut voir si $d{\acute{e}}finitivement$ leur cicatrices personnelles, $sensibilit{\acute{e}}s$ $m{\hat{e}}l{\acute{e}}s$, ce 'je-ne-pourrai-rien-contre-mon-$p{\grave{e}}re$' ou 'je-ne-sais-quoi-et-presque-$apr{\grave{e}}s$-la mort-de-mon pere'. Pour $d{\acute{e}}pouiller$ cet aspect, j'ai $montr{\acute{e}}$ qu'il n'y avait pas de $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}s$ objectives, mais que la $subjectivit{\acute{e}}$ doit trouver le jeu triangulaire entre l'inconscient de l'auteur par les paroles des textes et par les rapports entre le symbolisant et le $symbolis{\acute{e}}$ dans les $repr{\acute{e}}sentation$ socio-culturelle en $Cor{\acute{e}}e$ d'aujourd'hui.

Reynolds number effect on the flow past two tandem cylinders

  • Derakhshandeh, Javad Farrokhi;Alam, Md. Mahbub
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.475-483
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    • 2020
  • This work investigates Reynolds number Re (= 50 - 200) effects on the flows around a single cylinder and the two tandem (center-to-center spacing L= L/D = 4) cylinders, each of a diameter D. Vorticity structures, Strouhal numbers, and time-mean and fluctuating forces are presented and discussed. For the single cylinder, with increasing Re in the range examined, the vorticity magnitude, Strouhal number and fluctuating lift all monotonically rise but time-mean drag, vortex formation length, and lateral distance between the two rows of vortices all shrink. For the two tandem cylinders, the increase in Re leads to the formation of three distinct flows, namely reattachment flow (50 ≤ Re ≤ 75), transition flow (75 < Re < 100), and coshedding flow (100 ≤ Re ≤ 200). The reattachment flow at Re = 50 is steady. When Re is increased from 75 to 200, the Strouhal number of the two cylinders, jumping from 0.113 to 0.15 in the transition flow regime, swells to 0.188. The two-cylinder flow is more sensitive to Re than the single cylinder flow. Fluctuating lift is greater for the downstream cylinder than the upstream cylinder while time-mean drag is higher for the upstream cylinder than for the other. The time-mean drags of the upstream cylinder and single cylinder behaves similar to each other, both declining with increasing Re.