• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 1989

According to the results from the experiments of selecting a suitable variety of forage rape and comparing productivity and nutrient quality between forage rape and oil seed rape, Velox appeared to be the most suitable variety in terms of productivity and nutrient quality at the southern area of Korea among the varieties used in the experiments. Consequently, Velox was grown under two different cultural methods, individual culture and population culture, and productivity and variation of nutrient quality during the growth period were observed and compared between the cultural methods. The results from the experiment are summarized as follows: 1. Although variations were great in plant fresh weight and plant dry matter weight among plants, individual culture showed significantly higher value in these characters at the 1 % level than population culture. Plant fresh weight and plant dry matter weight were largely dependent upon the amount of branches in case of individual culture. However, in population culture, they were equally dependent upon the amount of branches and main stem. There was no significant difference in dry matter percentage between cultural methods, and main stem showed highest dry matter percentage. 2. Content of crude protein was decreasing gradually as plants continued to grow. Individual culture showed higher content of crude protein than population culture from 90 to 120 days after sowing but vice versa from 180 days after sowing to flowering stage. Contents of fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin was low at the early stage of growth. It was increasing gradually as plants grew older and at the latter stage of growth plants under individual culture showed higher values in contents of fiber. 3. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of both stems and leaves was decreasing gradually as plants grew older. Plants under individual culture showed higher IVDMD of stems than plants under population culture, but no significant difference in IVDMD of leaves was observed between cultural methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 1984

The enzymatic properties of the alkaline AL-protease, which had been prepared from the crude zymolyase of Arthrobzoter luteus, was investigated together with its active amino acid residue. Complete inactivaton of the proteolytic activity of AL-protease by either DFP or PMSF was simultaneously accompanied by the loss of its lytic effect on the lysis of yeast cell wall. In the reaction, AL-protease showed the pattern of inactivation to decrease very slowly, as compared to that of chymotrypsin, and that enzyme and DFP were found to react with a molar ratio of 1 : 1. The preparation of AL-protease exhibited no hydrolytic activity in any substrates of polysaccharases, playing a significant role in the lysis of yeast cell wall. The optimum pH and temperature of AL-protease was pH 10.5 and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. It also showed stability in the pH range from 5 to 11 and at the temperature below $65^{\circ}C$. Through the identification of the amino acid residue in the active site of the $^{32}P$-diisopropylph-osphorylated(DIP) AL-protease modified specifically with $^{32}P$-labeled DFP, AL-protease was found to be a DFP-sensitive which has a mole of active serine residue involved in its proteolytic activity per mole of the enzyme.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Objectives : In this study, Folium Perillae were examined the possibility to apply as the cosmetics natural materials. Methods : Normal skin softener containing Folium Perillae extracts was manufactured and then its physiological activities function was experimented on. And emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts was manufactured and then it was left under the condition of $-10^{\circ}C,\;0^{\circ}C$, room temperature and $37^{\circ}C$ for a month. Then its stability and safety were tested. Results : The physiological activities function of the normal skin softener was almost same with the electron donating ability, SOD like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of Folium Perillae extracts. To find the changes of emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts, the emollient lotion was left under the condition of $-10^{\circ}C,\;0^{\circ}C$, room temperature and $37^{\circ}C$ for a month. Then, when the emollient lotion was observed with the naked eye, pH, viscosity and particle diameter were measured, its changes were not nearly found. Futhermore, as a result of doing patch test to identify the safety of emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts, there was no stimulus on skin. Conclusions : From the above results, it was expected that the physiological activities of Folium Perillae extracts can be maintained when cosmetics containing Folium Perillae extracts are manufactured. And it was proved that Folium Perillae extracts didn't affect the change of cosmetic when they were applied to cosmetic materials. And it was concluded that emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts was safe for skin.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

Objective: Much has been known that the systematical theory of acupuncture was developed from stone needle as therapeutic tools for orthopedic diseases in ancient times. Stone needle is very old therapeutic method like moxibustion and has been recognized that it was developed since the Stone Age in China so far. In the present study, it was examined for the origination and formation of stone needle based on stone relics of the Stone Age in Korean Peninsular, the medical and geographical literatures. Materials and methods: The facts of stone needle was examined and arranged on the ancient medical or geographical literatures such as The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, Shanhaijing as an ancient geographical book, etc. The clan societies and family related to an origination of stone needle was chased together with their cultural characteristics and origination. The stone relics which have been digged out of historic sites in the North-East Asia were examined for a relevance to stone needle. Results: In The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, it was referred to the stone needle that originated from a fishery zone related to the east coast district in North-East Asia. Through the examination of Shan Hai Jing as an ancient geographical book and its historical reviews, a Go-yi clan society who keep Go's family tree dealt well with the stone needle and jewels including jade in the North-East Asia before the publication periods of The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, and is comprised in the culture of Dong-yi clan society but not the Chinese culture. The obsidian stones, which have been digged out of historical sites in the North-East Asia since the Stone Age, are originated from volcanic areas combined with seashore that seems to be Baekdu mountain district in Korea and Kyushu district in Japan. Furthermore, obsidian stone tools which were found out at Laodung peninsula and the Korean peninsula are archeologically similar to the stone needle with regards to the shape, size and dual-use. In addition, specific obsidian stone tools have been used in orthopedic surgery as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge up to five times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels. Conclusion: The origin of obsidian stone needle is well corresponded to the explanation about that of the stone needle. It is suggested that the stone needle which influenced in completion of acupuncture and Meridian theory in China seems to be an obsidian stone, and distribution of obsidian stone needle has been closely connected to Dong-yi clan society which are lived in the North-East Asia including Baekdu-mountain district.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-97
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• 1987

Two nozzles with different size (Figure 2) were particularly designed to supply air through the swirl core into the central part of the liquid stream in the same parallel direction to produce a well-mixed air and water in the whirl chamber as spray liquid in bubble formation. Atomization was attempted to improve by using both the preliminary break-up process with less viscosity and less surface tension in the whirl chamber and the effects of increased frequency of the band of drops with the raised ambient air density in front of the nozzle orifice. The volumetric ratio between spray liquid and air on four levels was used to investigate the effects of air as a component of the mixture on atomization. The results of the experiment were summarized as follows; Droplet size became progressively finer as the operating pressure was increased in the range of $0.70kg/cm^2$ to $6.33kg/cm^2$, which was similar to the previous works. The new atomizing mechanism so-called 'air-center nozzle' gave a narrower range in droplet size distribution with smaller volumetric median diameter (VMD) than that of the existing spray system at a given pressure, which showed the possibility of improvement of atomization in a certain limit. The volumetric median diameter produced by the new atomizing mechanism was decreased from the central region toward the exterior edges across the spray pattern.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2008

Male adults of bean bug, Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Heteroptera: Alydidae), release aggregation pheromone (AP) attracting both sexes of adult and nymphs, which its egg parasite, Ooencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) exploits the pheromone to find host. The AP consists of three components; (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate (E2HZ3H), (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate (E2HE2H), and tetradecyl isobutyrate (TI). We analyzed composition of the pheromone components of bean bugs from different geo graphical locations of Korea and Japan. The attractiveness of different blends of AP components to R. clavatus was also tested in the fields in Jinju, Korea and in Kumamoto, Japan. Composition ratios (E2HZ3H: E2HE2H:TI) of the AP of Jinju and Iksan populations were 1:1.4:0.2 and 1:0.8:0.2, and those of Tsukuba and Kumamoto populations were 1:2.8:0.2 and 1:1.5:0.1, respectively. In field tests, traps baited with ratio of 1:1:1 (E2HZ3H:E2HE2H:TI=16.7:16.7:16.7mg/rubber septum) and 1:1:0.5(E2HZ3H:E2HE2H:TI= 20:20:10mg/rubber septum) attracted significantly greater number of adult bugs than that of 1:5:1 (E2HZ3H:E2HE2H:TI=7.1:35.7:7.1mg/rubber septum).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.638-647
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• 2010

This study was performed in order to analyze influences the actual vegetation between the communities of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica in southern Korea to the species composition of the seed bank in the top soil. The soil samples were collected from the studied plots and transported to the Experimental Glasshouse at Department of Landscape Architecture, Yeungnam University and examined the germinated species individual numbers with species composition and germinated individual numbers by species. The overall germination status was the highest in the herbaceous layers than the layers of tree, sub-tree and shrub, respectively. There were no significantly different between numbers of species and individuals and between actual vegetation and seed bank in the two communities. The woody species marked in the seed bank as a pioneer or edge species than in the two communities which are in the stage of mid or late successional species. Although the plant species in the herbaceous layers was highly influenced to the species composition of the seed bank, but no significantly different was showed within the same forest zone and latitudes of Korean peninsula. As the pioneer or edge species of the actual vegetation possibly will be higher the buried in the top soil layer and this phenomenon will influence overall species composition in the seed bank population.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.423-428
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• 2015

Impedancemetric $NO_x$ (NO and $NO_2$) gas sensors were designed with a stacked-layer structure and fabricated using $LaCr_xCo_{1-x}O_3$ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1) as the receptor material and $Li_{1.3}Al_{0.3}Ti_{1.7}(PO_4)_3$ plates as the solid-electrolyte transducer material. The $LaCr_xCo_{1-x}O_3$ layers were prepared with a polymeric precursor method that used ethylene glycol as the solvent, acetyl acetone as the chelating agent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer additive. The effects of the Co concentration on the structural, morphological, and $NO_x$ sensing properties of the $LaCr_xCo_{1-x}O_3$ powders were investigated with powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and its response to 20~250 ppm of $NO_x$ at $400^{\circ}C$ (for 1 kHz and 0.5 V), respectively. When the as-prepared precursors were calcined at $700^{\circ}C$, only a single phase was detected, which corresponded to a perovskite-type structure. The XRD results showed that as the Co concentration of the $LaCr_xCo_{1-x}O_3$powders increased, the crystal structure was transformed from an orthorhombic phase to a rhombohedral phase. Moreover, the $LaCr_xCo_{1-x}O_3$ powders with $0{\leq}x<0.8$ had a rhombohedral symmetry. The size of the particles in the $LaCr_xCo_{1-x}O_3$powders increased from 0.1 to $0.5{\mu}m$ as the Co concentration increased. The sensing performance of the stack-structured $LaCr_xCo_{1-x}O_3/Li_{1.3}Al_{0.3}Ti_{1.7}(PO_4)_3$ sensors was found to divide the impedance component between the resistance and capacitance. The response of these sensors to NO gas was more sensitive than that to $NO_2$ gas. Compared to other impedancemetric sensors, the $LaCr_{0.8}Co_{0.2}O_3/Li_{1.3}Al_{0.3}Ti_{1.7}(PO_4)_3$ sensor exhibited good reversibility and reliable sensingresponse properties for $NO_x$ gases.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.447-461
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• 1992

The Jurassic granitoids in the study area are divided into the "Gneissose granodiorite" and the "Daebo granodiorite" (1 : 250,000 Jeonju Geological map, 1973). The term of Geochang granodiorite was used in this study instead of "Daebo granodiorite". These granitoids were studied in terms of microscopic observation, petrochemistry, and zircon morphology. The granitoids are mostly granodiorite. Two kinds of progressive variation can also be recognized in the modal quartz~alkali feldspar~plagioclase triangular diagram; the Gneissose granodiorite is in accordance with the trondhjemitic (low k) trend, and the Geochang granodiorite with the granodioritic trend (medium k). The granitoids belong to the calc-alkaline series, and are classified into the I-type (magnetite series). Plagioclase ($An_{25.1}{\sim}An_{30.9}$) in the granitoids shows generally an oligoclase composition. Biotite has a wider range in (Si, Al) solution than in (Fe, Mg) solid solution. Hornblende occurs in a few thin sections of the Geochang granodiorite, and is plotted in the tschermakite field. The zircon prism shows a long variation between the {110} dominant type and the {100} dominant type in the Geochang granodiorite, but only the {110}={100} type in the Gneissose granodiorite. However, zircon crystals in the granitoids are mostly crystallized in a low-to-medium temperature magma. In the PPEF (Prism- Pyramid-Elongation-Flatness) diagram, the Gneissose granodiorite shows a closed scissors type, the Geochang granodiorite, a opened scissors type. It indicates that the Geochang granodiorite might originate from the mixed magma with crustal materials or pre-existed residual magma which had formed the Gneissose granodiorite.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.533-542
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• 2017

In diagnostic radiology, the imaging system has been changed from film/screen to digital system. However, the method for removing scatter radiation such as anti-scatter grid has not kept pace with this change. Therefore, authors have devised the indirect flat panel detector (FPD) system with net-like lead in substrate layer which can remove the scattered radiation. In clinical context, there are many radiographic examinations with angulated incident X-ray. However, our proposed FPD has net-like lead foil so the vertical lead foil to the angulate incident X-ray would have bad effect on its performance. In this study, we identified the effect of vertical/horizontal lead foil component on the novel system's performance and improved the structure of novel system for clinical usage with angulated incident X-ray. Grid exposure factor and image contrast were calculated to investigate various structure of novel system using Monte Carlo simulation software when the incident X-ray was tilted ($0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, and $30^{\circ}$ from the detector plane). More photons were needed to obtain same image quality in the novel system with vertical lead foil only then the system with horizontal lead foil only. An optimal structure of novel system having different heights of its vertical and horizontal lead foil component showed improved performance compared with the novel system in a previous study. Therefore, the novel system will be useful in a clinical context with the angulated incident X-ray if the height and direction of lead foil in the substrate layer are optimized as the condition of conventional radiography.