• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1996

Total carotenoid contents, color values and spectrum characterization in the range of UV of fruit juice and organic acid and free sugar contents determined by HPLC were investigated on 10 varieties of Cheju citrus fruits. Carotenoid contents of juice were 0.47-9.20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml which showed higher with Dangyooja while showed lowest content with Meiwa Kumquat. Lightness (L) of juice was highest in Meiwa Kumquat, and in the order of Sankyool, Navel orange and Hungjin. Redness(a) and yellowness(b) were in the order of Dangyooja, Natsudaidai, Sambokam and Kinkoji. The maximum absorption wavelengths if citrus Juices were variable at 269.5-285.5nm according to varieties and it was observed that were changed by mixing with Juices of other varieties. Major organic acids of citrus juice were citric and malic acid, and citric acid was 64.4-95.1% of total organic acids. Ascorbic acid was high in Navel orange, Sudachi and Dangyooja, and low in Meiwa Kumquat and Hungjin. Major free sugars were sucrose, glucose and fructose. Sucrose was 49.2-75.2% of total free sugars, and high in Sankyool and Meiwa Kumquat. Glucose and fructose were high in Meiwa Kumquat and Navel Orange.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of temperature on the shoot growth and flowering of potted kumquat [Fortunella margarita ( Lour.) Swingle] trees grown in subtropical conditions of I-Lan County in Taiwan. Temperature treatments included T 25-32, T 17-25, T 22, and T 18. The T 25-32 treatment trees were to the day/night temperatures of $25/18^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks, followed by 28 weeks at $32/25^{\circ}C$. T 17-25 was exposed for 4 weeks to $17/10^{\circ}C$ followed by 26 weeks at $25/18^{\circ}C$. T 22 and T 18 were exposed at $22/18^{\circ}C$ and $18/13^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the entire duration of the experiment. Control trees were placed in a plastic greenhouse under conditions similar to the natural environment. The kumquat trees exposed to high-temperature environment of $32/25^{\circ}C$ showed more frequent and speedy sprouting of new buds, but induced the earlier termination of shoot elongation growth, resulting in decreased vegetative growth. The temperature treatments lower than $22^{\circ}C$ suppressed the new shoot production but increased the shoot growth period, resulting in increased shoot length and diameter. Temperatures higher than $25/18^{\circ}C$ readily induced flowering, with flowering being advanced under the higher temperature conditions such as $32/25^{\circ}C$. However, flowering was substantially inhibited under temperature conditions lower than $22/18^{\circ}C$, indicating the negative role of relatively lower temperatures on flowering of kumquat trees.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2002

대조구, 질산염급원, 아민급원 및 질산염-아민급원 함유식이에 인공타액과 위액을 첨가하여 인공소화시켰을 때 각 식이의 NDMA 함량은 각각 2.5$\pm$0.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 8.5$\pm$1.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 6.0$\pm$0.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 및 8.0$\pm$1.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 이었다. 이들 식이에 금귤쥬스 10m1를 첨가하여 인공소화시켰을 때 NDMA생성억제 효과는 아민급원 함유식이에서 69.4$\pm$2.4%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 금귤쥬스로부터 HPLC를 이용하여 분취한 페놀 화합물의 모든 분획에서 NDMA 생성억제 효과가 나타났으며, 특히 fraction no. 4에서 66.5$\pm$2.0%로 가장 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.423-427
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• 1992

감귤의 향기성분을 분석코져 SDE법에 의해 휘발성 정유성분을 분리한 다음 GC 및 GC-MS에 의해 성분을 확인하였다. 확인된 성분은 10개 성분이며 이 중 limonene이 전체 휘발성성분의 96.5%를 차지하였고 분리된 휘발성성분의 향기특성 역시 limonene에 의해 발현되는 향기가 주류를 이루었다. 그외 ${\beta}-pinene$(1.93%), ${\alpha}-terpineol$(0.42%) 등이 확인되었다. limonene을 제외한 미량성분을 확인하기 위해서 n-pentane과 diethyl ether 100 ml를 각각 용출시켜 휘발성 정유성분을 세분하였다. 이중 diethyl ether 분획에서 alcohol류 9종, terpene 및 terpene alcohol류 22종, aldehyde 및 ketone류 7종, ester류 7종과 기타 1종의 46개 성분이 확인되었다. 그중 양적인 면(peak area%)에서 ${\alpha}-terpineol$(31.98%), ${\beta}-terpineol$(7.37%), geranyl acetate(9.69%) 및 p-menthadien-9-ol(4.12%) 등이 diethyl ether 분획의 주류를 이루었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.259-268
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• 1995

Physico-chemical components which are closely related to processed products were investigated on 10 varieties of Cheju citrus fruits. Juice ratio of Hungjin was the highest, 49.2%, while Sankyool was the lowest, 4.2%, which showed great differences among varieties. Peel ratio of Dangyooja was the highest, 46.1%, while both Navel orange and Hungjin were relatively low. Soluble solid($^{\circ}$Brix) was relatively high In Sankyool, Meiwa Kumquat, Sambokam and Iyo. Acid content was the highest, 4.86% in sudachi and relatively high in Sankyool, Natsudaidai and Dangyooja. The $^{\circ}$Brix to acid content ratio was 13.9 in Meiwa Kumquat and more than 10 in Navel orange and Hungjin. Total sugar contents of Juice were 2.78∼10.94%, while reduced sugar contents were 1.63∼6.38% which showed higher in Meiwa Kumquat, Iyo and Navel Orange. Hesperidin and naringin, the sources of biiter taste and cloudness were low in Hungjin and Iyo. Soluble solid($^{\circ}$Brix) of citrus juice showed highest statistical relationship(r=0.907) with total sugar, and was highly significant at 1% level.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.394-405
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• 2017

본 연구는 한국에서 재배된 유자와 금귤을 수입되는 레몬 및 라임과 비교하였을 때 정유성분의 유용적 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. 유자, 금귤, 레몬 및 라임의 휘발성 향기성분 분석을 위하여 재증류한 n-pentane/diethylether(1:1, v/v) 혼합용매 100 mL를 사용하여 SDE 방법으로 3시간동안 휘발성 화합물을 추출한 후 GC/MS로 확인하였다. 유자, 금귤, 레몬 및 라임에서는 각각 104종(3,713.02 mg/kg), 87종(621.71 mg/kg), 103종(3,024.69 mg/kg) 및 106종(2,209.16 mg/kg)의 향기성분이 동정되었다. 4종의 Citrus속 과일의 주요 휘발성 향기성분은 limonene으로 확인되었으며, peak area는 각각 유자 35.03%, 금귤 63.82%, 레몬 40.35% 및 라임 25.06%로 나타났다. Limonene 이외에 유자의 주요 휘발성 향기성분은 ${\gamma}$-terpinene, linalool, ${\beta}$-myrcene, (E)-${\beta}$-farnesene, ${\alpha}$-pinene 및 ${\beta}$-pinene 등이며, 금귤에서는 ${\beta}$-myrcene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, (Z)-limonene oxide, (E)-limonene oxide, geranyl acetate 및 limonen-10-yl acetate 등 순으로 동정되었다. 레몬의 주요 향기성분은 ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-myrcene, geranyl acetate, neryl acetate 및 (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene 등 순이며, 라임은 ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, (Z)-${\beta}$-bisabolene, neral, geranial 및 neryl acetate 등 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 4종류 과일의 특징적인 향기성분이 동정되었으며, 휘발성 향기성분 조성비의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 국내산 유자 및 금귤은 향료산업에서 널리 사용되는 레몬과 라임의 대체제로 충분한 활용가치가 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

To identify and compare the nutritional composition of different kinds of citrus, three examples (Citrus fruit, Kumquat, and Hallabong) were taken from Jeju island in Korea at the same time and their nutritional compositions were measured using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. The proximate components (moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates), mineral and vitamin contents were measured. The Nutrient composition revealed some significant differences among the Citrus. The Citrus fruit has more moisture and Fe content than those of the Kumquat. The Kumquat contained more ash, Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, Vitamin A, and B1 than the other Citrus specimens, while the Hallabong had the most protein and Fe. However, fiber, K, Vitamin B₂, C and niacin contents were not significantly different among the specimens. The results demonstrate that the three kinds of citrus used in this study have different nutritional compositions, but they can all be used as a good food for supplementation of K, vitamin A and C. We hope the nutritional analysis of Citrus specimens will be helpful in meeting the consumer's interest in these Citrus, and increase the export of our Citrus produce.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1994

In order to prevent the postharvest decay and to promote the freshness retention of fruits and vegetables grapefruit seed extract(GFSE), natural microorganism control agent, was applied to the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables. Freshfruits and vegetables treated with GFSE and stored in polyethylene film (0.1mm) at 1$0^{\circ}C$-15$^{\circ}C$ of natural low temperature low kept better qualities in color and texture than the GFSE -not- treated control. The treatment using GFSE ina 250ppm to 500ppm concentration seemed to be an effective one for the control of Botrytis cinerea isolated in red wine grapes. After 4 weeks of storage the firmness rate of cucumbers treated with the dilute GFSE was four times higher than that of non-treated ones. GFSE showed effective inhibitory action towards plant pathological bacteria and fungi which were involved in the decay of fruits and vegetables. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of GFSE towards them were in the range of 250ppm to 500ppm .Direct visualization of microbial cells and spores using electron microscopy showed microbial cells and fungal spores the function of which was destroyed by treating with the dilute solutions of GFSE. It was observed that GFSE would reduced disease damages and have bactericide & fungicide properties during the storage of such fruits and vegetables as egg plant, wild edible greens , kumquat, and kiwi fruit.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.335-339
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• 1999

Citrus tristeza virus(CTV), an aphid-borne closterovirus, is one of the most destructive pathogens of citrus. It has caused rapid decline in growth, stem pitting and death in citrus trees. A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for detection of CTV and investigation of the CTV infection status of citrus and its related cultivars in Cheju island. For RT-PCR based CTV detection, primers were designed to amplify 670bp of coat protein gene. A screening test for CTV in citrus cultivars was conducted from March to July in 1999. Seventy individual citrus trees representing 9 species of 3 genera were tested. The infection rates of CTV for leaves from the years or older trees of late maturing citrus varieties such as Yuzu (C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), Navel orange (C.sinensis Osbeck), Kiyomitanger (C. unshiu x C. sinensis), and Shiranuhi ((C. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata) were 100%, 80%, 60%, and 60% respectively. The CTV infection rates in Early satsuma mandarins such as 'Miyagawa Early' Satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marc. var. Miyagawa) and 'Okitsu Early' Satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marc. var. Okitsu) were 100%, and 60%, respectively. CTV was not detected in Cheju native Dangyooja (C. unshiu Marc. var. Osbeck), Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and Kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle). In conclusion, RT-PCR assay can be successfully applied to the detection of CTV in citrus trees.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.659-667
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• 2014

Fruits are good sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals, which are known to reduce serum lipids, oxidative damage, and blood pressure as well as improve blood glucose control. The purpose of this study was to estimate nutrient quality indices of fruits by carrying out a critical analysis of pre-existing methods according to their nutritional compositions. Four methods were used to assess the nutrient indices of 26 fruits, which are frequently consumed by Koreans based on the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009). Naturally nutrient rich score (NNR), nutrient rich food (NRF), nutrient adequacy score (NAS), and nutrient density score (NDS) were used to calculate nutrient quality indices. The Korean Nutrition Society Food Composition database of fruits based on 100 g edible portions was used. The algorithm of each method included the mean percentage of daily values (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 2010) for particular nutrients based on consumption of 1,900 kcal/day. The relative score indicated that strawberries, kumquat, and lemon had high nutrient quality indices. In addition, mango, lemon, persimmon, strawberry, apricot, and tangerine fruits are rich in antioxidant nutrients such as ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium. However, scores of nutrient quality indices did not imply that higher scores of particular fruits are superior. We suggest moderate seasonable consumption a variety of fruits. Our results can be used as a reference for consumers when they choose fruits.