• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.387-395
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• 2008

The impact of horizontal resolution on a regional climate model was investigated by simulating precipitation over the Korean Peninsula. As a regional climate model, the SNURCM(Seoul National University Regional Climate Model) has 21 sigma layers and includes the NCAR CLM(National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Land Model) for land-surface model, the Grell scheme for cumulus convection, the Simple Ice scheme for explicit moisture, and the MRF(Medium-Range Forecast) scheme for PBL(Planetary Boundary Layer) processing. The SNURCM was performed with 20 km resolution for Korea and 60 km resolution for East Asia during a 20-year period (1980-1999). Although the SNURCM systematically underestimated precipitation over the Korean Peninsula, the increase of model resolution simulated more precipitation in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula, and a more accurate distribution of precipitation by reflecting the effect of topography. The increase of precipitation was produced by more detailed terrain data which has a 10 minute terrain in the 20 km resolution model compared to the 30 minute terrain in the 60 km resolution model. The increase in model resolution and more detailed terrain data played an important role in generating more precipitation over the Korean Peninsula. While the high resolution model with the same terrain data resulted in increasing of precipitation over the Korean Peninsula including the adjoining sea, the difference of the terrain data resolution only influenced the precipitation distribution of the mountainous area by increasing the amount of non-convective rain. In conclusion, the regional climate model (SNURCM) with higher resolution simulated more precipitation over the Korean Peninsula by reducing the systematic underestimation of precipitation over the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.114-125
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• 2020

In order to understand the currents around Hampyung Bay and Haeje Peninsula, 2D numerical simulations for tidal currents and tide-induced residual currents were carried out. Dominant semidiurnal tidal currents have reversing form and flow NNE-SSW from northern Haeje Peninsula to Songi Island, E-S at northern Haeje Peninsula and NNW-SSE in Hampyung Bay. In flood, a part of currents from Imja Island~Nakwhol Island flow along the main stream flowing northeast at offshore region and the rest flow into Hampyung Bay flowing east along the northern coast of Haeje Peninsula. In ebb, currents from Hampyung Bay flow west along the northern coast of Haeje Peninsula and run together with the main stream flowing southeast at offshore region. The currents create an anticyclonic circulation in flood and a cyclonic circulation in ebb around Haeje Peninsula including Hampyung Bay. Tidal currents are accumulated on Doripo which located at the entrance of Hampyung Bay and show high current velocities. Tidal currents and tide induced residual currents are weak at the inside of Hampyung Bay which has narrow entrance, shallow water depth and wide intertidal zone. An anticyclonic eddy is formed around Gaksi Island as a result of tide induced residual currents. In northern coast of Haeje Peninsula, slow constant currents flow east. It is expected that a gradual change of sediment and an increase of flushing time for suspended materials are carried by tidal currents occurring in Hampyung Bay.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

This study has been done to make a practical suggestion in figuring out required size of electricity power facility in preparation for reunion of Korean Peninsula, estimated based on capacity increase and demand changes in the past. In making the suggestion, balanced development of South and North Korea Economy, recovery of existing power facilities, and construction of new power facilities were taken into consideration. As an alternatives, study result of power system interconnections in Korean Peninsula and/or in North-East Asia Region, PEACE Network, is suggested with a cooperation scheme of information and communications technology as an extra advantage. Concluded a cooperation of electric power system and information & communications technology in the peninsula is expected to be a great opportunity in developing electric power economy, maintaining clear environment, improving security of power supply in the region, and in reunion of Korean Peninsula and peace in the world.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.367-374
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• 2015

Korean Peninsula has high potential for occurrence of aviation turbulence. A Korean aviation Turbulence Guidance (KTG) system focused on the Korean Peninsula, named Korean-Peninsula KTG (KP-KTG) system, is developed using the high resolution (horizontal grid spacing of 1.5 km) Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The KP-KTG system is constructed first by selection of 15 best diagnostics of aviation turbulence using the method of probability of detection (POD) with pilot reports (PIREPs) and the LDAPS analysis data. The 15 best diagnostics are combined into an ensemble KTG predictor, named KP-KTG, with their weighting scores computed by the values of area under curve (AUC) of each diagnostics. The performance of the KP-KTG, represented by AUC, is larger than 0.84 in the recent two years (June 2012~May 2014), which is very good considering relatively small number of PIREPs. The KP-KTG can provide localized turbulence forecasting in Korean Peninsula, and its skill score is as good as that of the operational-KTG conducting in East Asia.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.5-25
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• 2009

Since the end of the 1950-1953 Korean War, many scholars and policymakers have expressed concern about the possibility of another conflict on the peninsula. In certain respects, the post-1953 North-South Korea relationship resembles the Cold War that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union, 1945-1990. Although a "hot" never occurred, peace was never guaranteed. By looking at international theories (i.e., realism and liberal theory) and by utilizing casual-loop diagram analysis, the main purpose of this research is to explore on the likelihood of peace and war on the Korean peninsula. First, several factors (e.g., economic stagnation of North Korea, unstable political systems, and so on) emphasized by realism perspectives are significantly related to the likelihood of conflict between North and South Korea. Conversely, several determinants (e.g., economic assistance to North Korea, inter-dialogue between two Koreas, cultural and social exchange, and so on) emphasized by liberal approaches are significantly related to likelihood of peace on the Korean peninsula. Given the two different interpretations about the likelihood of conflict or peace, it can be argued that a second military action might occur on the Korean peninsula if realism theories are true. However, if practical factors exist on the Korean peninsula, the two Korean can optimistically expect a peaceful reunification in the future, without interference from other countries.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2006

In this study, we applied the teleseismic receiver function technique to determine the crustal thicknesses and ratios for 31 broadband stations of the Korean Peninsula and map out the lateral variation of Moho depth in the Peninsula. The estimated depths to Moho range from 26 to 35 km except for an island station ULL (17 km). The Moho is turned out to be deeper in the south-western part of the Peninsula and western Gyeongsang basin, and shallower in the off-shore region close to East Sea (Sea of Japan). The ratio varies from 1.69 to 1.89 with the average of 1.77, which is close to global average (1.78) in the crust.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.79-101
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• 2023

Following recent taxonomic, distributional, and nomenclatural revisions, an updated checklist of endemic plants on the Korean Peninsula is needed. This study provides an updated checklist of vascular plants endemic to the Korean Peninsula and describes their distribution within administrative provinces. The revised checklist includes 373 endemic taxa (304 species, six subspecies, 49 varieties, and 14 nothospecies) from 179 genera and 64 families, representing 9.5% of the total native flora of the Korean Peninsula. Asteraceae (41 taxa), Ranunculaceae (29 taxa), Liliaceae s.l. (24 taxa), and Rosaceae (22 taxa) were the most widely represented families. Compared with the most recent checklist published in 2017, 39 taxa were excluded from the checklist; one taxon was excluded because it did not have a valid published name, seven taxa were excluded because their natural habitats extended to neighboring countries, four taxa were excluded because they were treated as a rank form, and 27 taxa were excluded because they had been identified as heterotypic synonyms of taxa distributed outside of the Korean Peninsula. Fifty-two new taxa were included based on the literature. This checklist will help to focus conservation efforts and provide a framework for research, protection, and policy implementation related to these endemic taxa.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.625-635
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• 1997

A back projection algorithm is applied to 216 Pn travel time measurements to image lateral variations of compressional velocity in the uppermost mantle in the Korean Peninsula. We obtained an average P-velocity value for the uppermost mantle of $7.90{\pm}0.18km/sec$, and an average mantle P-velocity gradient of $5.3{\times}10^{-3}s^{-1}$ for the Korean Peninsula. The final 3-D velocity image in the uppermost mantle is characterized by a low-velocity (about $7.77{\pm}0.12km/sec$) region in the southeast area of the Korean peninsula, which is called 'Kyongsang Basin' and by high-velocity(${\geq}8.08km/sec$) region in the northern area of the Korean Peninsula(Hamkyong and Pyongan provinces). The crustal thicknesses are calculated for the 10 subregions. The crustal thickness of the northern part(${\geq}39^{\circ}N$) of the Korean Peninsula is 33.0-36.0 km, on the contrary, that of the southern part(< $39^{\circ}N$) is 30.7~33.7 km. The velocity image obtained in this study is somewhat consistent with previous S-P travel time studies and gravity studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.332-344
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• 2019

Based on the life of the furniture is to reflect a region and the important basis of ideological and cultural characteristics of The Times culture form the traditional concept of directly determine the style and features of furniture. Due to the geographical location, China and the Korean peninsula have a long history of cultural exchanges. Through long-term exchanges, Chinese traditional culture has penetrated into the daily life of the ancestors of the Korean peninsula in various ways. As one of the traditional Chinese cultures, Taoism began to spread in The Three Kingdoms period on the Korean peninsula. With the integration and development of Taoism on the Korean peninsula, Taoism culture with unique characteristics of the peninsula was formed and became part of the traditional ideological and cultural life of the ancestors on the peninsula. In the historical development of furniture on the Korean peninsula, Taoist theories such as yin-yang theory and five-element theory and geomantic geography theory have exerted an important influence on the use, shape, material and pattern of traditional furniture on the Korean peninsula. The late period of the joseon dynasty was the heyday of the handicraft industry on the Korean peninsula. During this period, the categories of furniture increased, and a large number of furniture with distinctive Taoist characteristics, beautiful shape, excellent design and different uses appeared. Through the study on the modeling, materials, patterns, seals and designs of furniture in the late period of joseon dynasty, this study confirms that Taoist thoughts are one of the main factors affecting the development of Korean traditional furniture forms and patterns. Using patterns of various natural objects or plants and animals for furniture design, it is to pray for family members to avoid disasters and disasters. Thus it can be seen that praying for blessings from heaven is the main Taoist thought.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.414-427
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• 2019

In East Asia, the long-range transport of dust storms originating from Mongolia and northern China affects airborne dust loadings over downwind areas in the southern Korean Peninsula. Since 1997, dust loading cases caused by dust storms have been observed using the thresholds of total suspended particles (TSP, ${\geq}250{\mu}g\;m^{-3}\;hr^{-1}$) and particulate matter less than $10{\mu}g$ ($PM_{10}$, ${\geq}190{\mu}g\;m^{-3}\;hr^{-1}$) in the central-southern Korean Peninsula. There were two dust loading cases that exceeded these thresholds in 2016 and three in 2017, which reflects the downward trend of the last twenty-one years in the central-southern Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, five other dust loading cases with mass concentrations lower than the thresholds were observed from 2016 to 2017. In the moderate dust loading cases exceeding the thresholds, a descending motion of cut-off lows below $45^{\circ}N$ and a southward trough at 500 hPa gpm isopleths intensified at the western ridge, and largely extended the surface high-pressure system over southeast China. Airborne dust loadings following pronounced north-westerlies in the forward side of the high-pressure system were transported to the surface of the central-southern Korean Peninsula. However, in slight dust loading cases lower than the thresholds, the restricted descending motion of cut-off lows over $45^{\circ}N$ and the southwestward trough at 500 hPa gpm isopleths intensified the zonal flow over the Korean Peninsula. Surface high- and low-pressure systems moved eastward from the source compared to moderate dust loading cases. Due to the zonal movement of dust storms traversing eastern China, slight dust loading cases were observed with relatively higher ratios of $PM_{2.5}/TSP$ and carbon monoxide (CO) in the central-southern Korean Peninsula.