• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.368-380
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a home-based video exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, physiological and psychological status in patients with colon and rectal cancers undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from patients with colo-rectal cancers in Yonsei cancer center from July 5th to October 31st in 2011. There were 40 participants; 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The structured questionnaire was used to measure fatigue, physical function and emotional status. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and a chi-squre test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed- rank test were conducted to examine the homogeneity and the research hypotheses. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in White Blood Cell count in the experimental group compared with that of the control group. The exercise group showed a slight decrease of White Blood Cell count compared with that of the control group after 4 week program (z=-2.935, p=.003). However, there were no significant differences in fatigue, physiological and psychological status between the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, the developed video exercise program was effective in markedly slightly decreasing White Blood Cell count in patients with colo-rectal cancers undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, utilizing the video exercise program can be an useful method to promote health among patients with cancer in clinical practice.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

Purpose : To determine the prognostic significance of p53 mutations in advanced supraglottic cancer patients. Material and Methods : Twenty-six patients with pertinent tissue materials among 60 patients diagnosed as advanced supraglottic cancer in Kyung Hee university hospital and received total or partial laryngectomy followed by radiation therapy were enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining using DO7 monoclonal antibody was peformed. Tumor specimens were analyzed for p53 mutations in exons 5 through 8 by using PCR-SSCP analysis followed by DNA sequencing of all variants. Results : p53 mutations were present in 8 cases among 26 patiets. Mutations within exon 5 were 3 cases, exon 6 were 4 cases, and exon 7 was 1 case. Mean survival time was 70.2 months in patients without mutations, 61.3 months with mutations but there was no statistically significant differences (p=0.596). Mutations were $25\%$ in stage III and $36\%$ in stage IV but there was no statistically significant differences (p=0.563). Mutations were $25\%$ in lymph node negative group and $42\%$ in lymph node positive group but there was no statistically significant differences (p=0.437). Conclusion : The presence of p53 mutation detected by PCR-SSCP is not associated with survival, stage and lymph node status.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2009

Purpose : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the temporal response of neural activation in healthy subjects while they performed the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), which utilizes decisions involving ambiguity and risk. The IGT was divided into five blocks of 20 trials; analysis showed that activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) moves gradually from the dorsal to the ventral mPFC over the course of the IGT. These findings suggest that cognitive division of the mPFC, including the dorsal portion of the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), plays a major role in ambiguous decision making and that the aspect of the IGT corresponding to risky decision making is associated with significant activity within the corticolimbic network strongly implicated in emotion and reinforcement. Our results also suggest that decisions made under ambiguity and decisions made under risk situations can be further divided into sub-phases based on the neural network involved.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate medications at the end of life care for terminal cancer patients during their last admission. Methods: Medical records of terminal cancer patients during their last admission from July 2003 to April 2008 at a district academic hospital were evaluated. Patient's characteristics, therapeutic drug classification during their last admission and on the patient's day of death, and the administrated route and number of medications on the patient's day of death were analyzed. Results: Total 81 patients were included. The median patient age was 63 years. The median length of admission was 18 days (range: 1~101). 54% of the patients had more than one comorbidities. The most frequently prescribed drugs during the last admission were opioid analgesics (63%), followed by antibiotics (58%) and antacids (53%). On the day of death, common medications were antibiotics (59%), antacids (58%), and opioid analgesics (46%). Intravenous injection was given to 81% of the patients and intramuscular injection was given to 16% of the patients on the day of patient's death. Number of medications prescribed to patients was between 0 and 11 (median: 3) and 12% (10/81) of the patients took over 8 medications including intravenous and oral drugs on the day of death. 6% (5/81) of the patients took potentially futile medications, like multivitamin or statin until the day of death. Conclusion: This study suggests that potentially futile medications and uncomfortable care were given to terminal cancer patients. Multicenter-based studies are necessary to diminish futile medications by essential medication at the end of life care for terminal cancer patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1991

Thirty-one patients with previously untreated and locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer were retrospectively reviewed for comparing the effects of radical radiotherapy alone with that of combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy from 1983 to 1989 at Kangnam 51. Mavy's hospital.23/31 were evaluable for recurrence and suwival. There were 8 patients for stage III, and 15 patients for stage IV. Eleven patients were treated with radical radiation therapy done (arm I). Twelve patients were given 1~3 courses of cisplatin-5FU or cisplatin-bleomycin-vincristine prior to radiation therapy (arm II). The two arms were comparable in patient characteristics Of 11 radiotherapy Patients, complete response was 55%(6/11) and Partial response 45%(5/11). Among 12 patients after induction chemotherapy, complete response was 25%(3/12) and partial response 75%(9/12). After subsequent radiotherapy, complete response was increased to 83%(10/12) and partial response was 17%(2/12). Treatment failure was 30%(local recurrence; 3/11, and regional recurrence; 1/11) in arm 1 and 33% (local recurrence; 1/12, regional recurrence; 2/12 and distant metastasis; 1/12) in arm ll . There was no significant difference in survival between arm I and arm II (p> 0.05). The toxicities of treatment were acceptable. More controlled clinical trials must be completed before acceptance of chemotherapy as part of a standard radical treatment for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1992

From January 1985 to September 1990, 7 patients with carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary system received external radiaiton therapy combined with hyperthermia. Of the 3 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer, two were primary cholangiocarcinoma and one was metastatic peripancreatic carcinoma. Of the 4 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, two were locor-egionally advanced and unresectable carcinoma and the remaining two were local-regional recurrence after cholecystectomy. They were all pathologicallly proven adenocarcinoma. The radiation dose received ranged from 3000 cGy/2weeks to 5040 cGy/7 weeks. The hyperthermia was done once or twice a week and 4 to 12 sessions in total. The tumor response was confirmed by T-tube cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and CT scan. 6 out of 7 ($86\%$) showed partial regression of the tumor. The median survival time was 7 months (range $4\~11$ months).6 out of 7 patients were dead: one died of septicemia, 4 of primary disease, one of distant metastases. Only one out of 7 patients is still alive but new metastatic lesion was found. There was not any treatment related deaths. There was also no evidence of treatment related problems with liver, stomach and duodenum, although the observation period was short.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1827-1833
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• 2014

This study has been carried out to present the valuation system of soil carbon sequestration potentials of soil in accordance with the new climate change scenarios(RCP). For that, by analyzing variation of soil carbon of the each type of agricultural land use, it aims to develop technology to increase the amount of carbon emissions and sequestration. Among the factors which affects the estimation of determining the soil carbon model and influence power after the measurement on soil organic carbon, under the center of a causal relationship between the explanatory variables this study were investigated. Chemical fertilizers (NPK) decreased with increasing the amount of soil organic carbon and as with the first experimental results, when cultivating rice than pepper, the fact that soil organic carbon content increased has been found out. The higher the carbon dioxide concentration, the higher the amount of organic carbon in the soil and this result is reliable under a 10% significance level. On the other hand, soil organic carbon, humus carbon and hot water extractable carbon has been found out that was not affected the soils depth, sames as the result of the first year. The higher concentration of carbon dioxide, the higher carbon content of humus and hot water extractable carbon content. According to IPCC 2006 Guidelines and the new climate change scenario RCP 4.5 and the measurement results of the total amount of soil organic carbon to the crops due to abnormal climate weather, 1% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was found to be small when compared to the growing rate of increasing 0.01058% of organic carbon in the soil.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2019

Purpose: This clinical pilot study was performed to determine the effectiveness of dual-energy cone-beam computed tomography (DE-CBCT) in measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Materials and Methods: The BMD values obtained using DE-CBCT were compared to those obtained using calibrated multislice computed tomography (MSCT). After BMD calibration with specially designed phantoms, both DE-CBCT and MSCT scanning were performed in 15 adult dental patients. Three-dimensional (3D) Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data were imported into a dental software program, and the defined regions of interest (ROIs) on the 3-dimensional surface-rendered images were identified. The automatically-measured BMD values of the ROIs (g/㎤), the differences in the measured BMD values of the matched ROIs obtained by DE-CBCT and MSCT 3D images, and the correlation between the BMD values obtained by the 2 devices were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean BMD values of the ROIs for the 15 patients as assessed using DE-CBCT and MSCT were 1.09±0.07 g/㎤ and 1.13±0.08 g/㎤, respectively. The mean of the differences between the BMD values of the matched ROIs as assessed using DE-CBCT and calibrated MSCT images was 0.04±0.02 g/㎤. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the BMD values of DE-CBCT and MSCT images was 0.982 (r=0.982, P<0.001). Conclusion: The newly developed DE-CBCT technique could be used to measure jaw BMD in dentistry and may soon replace MSCT, which is expensive and requires special facilities.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the association of positive Ureaplasma urealyticum in gastric fluid with clinical features and outcomes in preterm infants. Methods: Gastric fluid from the preterm infants was first aspirated within 30 minutes and cultured within 24 hours after birth to check for U. urealyticum. Infants were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence/absence of U. urealyticum. Results: U. urealyticum in gastric fluid was identified in 17 of 91 (19%) preterm infants. Compared with the negative U. urealyticum group, there were significantly higher percentage of infants with gestational age ${\leq}$30 weeks (P=0.020), higher Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes (P=0.017 and P=0.048, respectively), and higher rate of vaginal delivery (P=0.000) in the positive U. urealyticum group. Although the incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia between the two groups was not different, the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia without previous respiratory distress syndrome was significantly higher in the positive group (11%) than that in the negative group (1%) (P=0.030). Conclusion: The detection of U. urealyticum in gastric fluid is more frequent in infants with gestational age ${\leq}$30 weeks. It can be helpful to predict the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia without previous respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.573-580
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• 2010

The earlier KANSEI evaluation had to choose not to overlap the opposite meaning of the words, had to choose that some figures are shown step by step and had to choose be prepared things in advance. However, The Study shows a method which visualizes the imprecise evaluations of human without choosing evaluation items which are not prepared figures. The program is used the way which is entered by hand-drawing that the subjects use the way to enter their subjective feelings about the evaluations presented by using the mouse or the graphics tablet. It is possible to express imprecise things about evaluations and the method of drawing is free. The program provides that we can express our thinking by drawing and there are a few limits and the prescribed standard. The area ratio of each circle is expressed as a pie chart and the area of circle what is drawn which is counted automatically at the same time. These things are possible not only to modify a transparency, a thickness of a line, a color and the area of circle what is drawn, but also to adjust the area of circle. The conceptual model is visualized that expresses something by hand-drawing such as a circle. The conceptual model has wide range of applications such as a personnel evaluation, a suffering evaluation and product evaluation. The program currently has been testing the effective of the program's possibilities which is used with the personnel appraisal tool of the nurses themselves who work in nurse support department where the St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital is. And also the program is proceeding with development to visualize the conceptual model by dynamic interfaces effectively and the program is applied such as KJ method and a program is used to express the kind of the patient's pain and its level.