• Title/Summary/Keyword: knowledge-based services

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Effectiveness Analysis of Computer Science Textbooks focusing on Digital Therapeutics

  • Eunsun Choi;Namje Park
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 2024
  • Digital therapy has emerged as a novel treatment modality, propelled by advancements in information and communication technology. In the last five years, there has been a substantial surge in research publications addressing digital therapeutics (DTx) interventions, signaling a sustained upward trajectory in this field. The dynamic nature of computer science, marked by continuous innovation and development, underscores the need for agile adaptation to rapid changes. Consequently, computer science education is compelled to offer students insights into the latest trends. This research endeavors to contribute to the evolving landscape by developing textbooks that impart knowledge about DTx, an integration of information technology. The study focuses on the application of these textbooks to elementary and middle school students in South Korea. The instructional materials have been carefully organized to enable students to learn about the principle of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) DTx at the elementary level and the DTx that can prevent and address the digital drama at the middle school level. Based on the application of the textbook, students who received instruction using the textbook showed statistically significant improvements in all subcategories of creative problem-solving ability, including idea modification, visualization, task focus, analogy, idea generation, and elaboration (p<.01). Additionally, there were statistically significant changes in students' self-efficacy before and after using the textbook, with negative efficacy decreasing, and positive efficacy and social efficacy increasing (p<.001).

A Study on Patients' Satisfaction and Service Utilization in the DRG Based Payment System - Patients who Experienced Cesarean Section Before and After the Demonstration Program - (DRG 지불제도에서 환자의 의료서비스 만족도와 제공량에 관한 연구 - 시범사업 전.후 제왕절개 분만 경험 산모를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Ji Sook;Park, Hayoung
    • Quality Improvement in Health Care
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.190-202
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    • 2000
  • Background : The objectives of this study were to examine patients' satisfaction with the DRG based payment method and its association with their awareness of the method, to examine patient reported changes in doctors' caring attitude, level of their out-of-pocket payments, providers' acceptance of patients' request for additional services after the program, and to examine changes in service utilization recorded in medical records. Method : One hundred-four patients who had cesarean sections before and after the demonstration program at two hospitals located in Seoul participated in the study. Patients were surveyed before discharges when their charges were finalized. Their medical records were reviewed as well to collect data for service utilization during hospital stays. The association between patients' satisfaction with the payment method and their awareness of the method was analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, and the significance of changes in providers' acceptance of patients' request for additional services and service utilization after the program were examined by ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test, respectively. Results : A large proportion of patients did not know of the DRG based payment method at the time of survey and a significantly larger proportion of patients who came to the hospitals with the knowledge satisfied with the method. About the same proportion of patients reported improvement and deterioration in doctors' caring attitude compare to the previous hospitalizations and a similar result was found concerning out-of-pocket payments. Providers' acceptance of patients' request for medication, PCA and painless delivery decreased significantly after the program whereas the acceptance for additional hospital days and laboratory and radiology tests did not. Length of stay, the numbers of days on antibiotics and antianemic medication, and the number of blood tests decreased significantly after the program, however, decreases in the rate of antianemic medication and the number of urine analyses were not statistically significant. Re-operation, in-hospital death, and complications were not observed before and after the program. Conclusion : The study findings indicated a need for better patient education and publicity about the newly introduced payment method to improve their satisfaction with the system. Other study findings concerning service utilization and quality of care indicators were consistent with the government funded evaluation studies.

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An Analysis of Determinants of Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Housewives in Korea (한국부인의 보건지식, 태도 및 실천에 영향을 미치는 제요인분석)

  • 남철현
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.3-50
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    • 1984
  • The levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of housewives considerably effect to the health of households, communities and the nation. This study was designed to grasp the levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of houswives and analyse the various factors effecting to health in order to provide health education services as well as materials for effective formulation and implementation of health policy to improve the health of the nation. This study has been conducted through interviews by trained surveyers for 4,281 housewives selected from 4,500 households throughout the country for 40 days during July 11-August 20, 1983. The results of survey were analysed by stepwise multiple regression and path analysis are summarized as follows; 1. Based on the measurement instrument applied to this study, the levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of housewives were extremely low with 54.5 points out of 100 points in full. Higher level with 72 points and above was approximately 21 percent and lower level with 39 points and below was approx. 24 percent. The middle level was approx. 55 percent. In order to implement health programs successively, health education should be more strengthened and to improve the level of health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the nation, political consideration as a part of spiritual reformation must be concentrated on health. 2. The level of health knowledge indicated the highest points with 57.3 the level of attitude was the second with 55.0 points and the practice level was the lowest with 50.0 point. Therefore, planning and implementation of health education program must be based on the persuasion and motivation that health knowledge turn into practice. 3. Housewives who had higher level of health knowledge, showed their practice level was relatively lower and those who had middle or low level of it practice level was the reverse. 4. Correlations among health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) were generally higher and statistically significant at 0.1 percent level. Correlation between total health KAP level and health knowledge was the highest with r=.8092. 5. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to the age, number of children, marital status, self-assessed health status and concern on health of the housewives interviewed (p<0.001) 6. Health KAP levels also showed significant differences according to the education level, economic status, employment before marriage and grown-up area of the housewives interviewed. (p<0.001) 7. Heath KAP levels showed significant differences according to health insurance benificiary and the existence of patients in the family. (p<0.001). 8. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to distance to government organizations, schools, distance to health facilities, telephone possession rate, television possession rate, newspaper reading rate and activities of Ban meeting and Women's club. (p<0.001) 9. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to electric mass communication media such as television, radio and village broadcasting etc. and printed media such as newspaper, magazine and booklets etc., IEC variables such as individual consultation and husband-wife communication, however, there was no significance with group training. 10. Health KAP of the housewives showed close correlation with personal characteristics variables, i.e., education level (r=.5302), age (r=-.3694) grown-up area (r=.3357) and employment before marriage. In general, correlation of health knowledge level was higher than the levels of attitude or practice. In case of health concern and health insurance, correlation of practice level was higher than health knowledge level. 11. Health KAP levels showed higher correlation with community environmental characteristics, Ban meeting and activity of Women's club, however, no correlation with New-village movement. 12. Among IEC variables, husband-wife communication showed the highest correlation with health KAP levels and printed media, electric mas communication media and health consultation in order. Therefore, encouragement of husband-wife communication and development of training program for men should be included in health education program. 13. Mass media such as electric mass com. and printed media were effective for knowledge transmission and husband-wife communication and individual consultation were effective for health practice. Group training was significant for knowledge transmission, however, but not significant for attitude formation or turning to health practice. To improve health KAP levels, health knowledge should be transmitted via mass media and health consultation with health professionals and field health workers should be strengthened. 14. Correlation of health KAP levels showed that knowledge level was generally higher than that of practice and recognized that knowledge was not linked with attitude or practice. 15. The twenty-five variables effecting health KAP levels of housewives had 41 per cent explanation variances among which education level had great contribution (β=.2309) and electric mass com. media (β=.1778), husband-wife communication (β=.1482), printed media, grown-up area, and distance to government organizations in order. Variances explained (R²) of health KAP were 31%, 15%, and 30% respectively. 16. Principal variables contributed to health KAP were education level (β=.12320, β=.1465), electric mass comm. media (β=.1762, β=.1839), printed media, (β=.1383, β=.1420) husband-wife communication (β=.1004, β=.1067), grown-up area and distance to government organizations, in order. Since education level contributes greatly to health KAP of the housewives, health education including curriculum development in primary, middle and high schools must be emphasized and health science must be selected as one of the basic liberal arts subject in universities. 17. Variences explained of IEC variables to health KAP were 19% in total, 14% in knowledge, 9% in attitude, and 10% in health practice. Contributions of IEC variables to health KAP levels were printed media (β=.3882), electric mass comm media (β=.3165), husb-band wife com. (β=.2095,) and consultation on health (β=.0841) in order, however, group training showed negative effect (β=-.0402). National fund must be invested for the development of Health Program through mass media such as TV and radio etc. and for printed materials such as newspaper, magazines, phamplet etc. needed for transmission of health knowledge. 18. Variables contributed to health KAP levels through IEC variables with indirect effects were education level (Ind E=0.0410), health concern (Ind E=.0161), newspaper reading rate (Ind E=.0137), TV possession rate and activity of Ban meeting in order, however, health facility showed negative effect (Ind E=-.0232) and other variables showed direct effect but not indirect effect. 19. Among the variables effecting health KAP level, education level showed the highest in total effect (TE=.2693) then IEC (TE=.1972), grown-up city (TE=.1237), newspaper reading rate (TE=.1020), distance to government organization (TE=.095) in order. 20. Variables indicating indirect effects to health KAP levels were; at knowledge level with R²=30%, education level (Ind E=.0344), newspaper reading rate (Ind E=.0112), TV possession rate (Ind E=.0689), activity of Ban meeting (Ind E=.0079) in order and at attitude level with R²=13%, education level (Ind E=. 0338), activity of Ban meeting (Ind E=.0079), and at practice level with R²=29%. education level (Ind E=.0268), health facility (Ind E=.0830) and concern on health (Ind E=.0105). 21. Total effect to health KAP levels and IEC by variable characteristics, personal characteristics variables indicated larger than community characteristics variables. 22. Multiple Correlation Coefficient (MCC) expressed by the Personal Characteristic Variable was .5049 and explained approximately 25% of variances. MCC expressed by total Community environment variable was .4283 and explained approx. 18% of variances. MCC expressed by IEC Variables was .4380 and explained approx. 19% of variances. The most important variable effected to health KAP levels was personal characteristic and then IEC variable, Community Environment variable in order. When the IEC effected with personal characteristic or community characteristic, the MCC or the variances were relatively higher than effecting alone. Therefore it was identified that the IEC was one of the important intermediate variable.

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Brand Equity and Purchase Intention in Fashion Products: A Cross-Cultural Study in Asia and Europe (상표자산과 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 국제비교연구 - 아시아와 유럽의 의류시장을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Kyung-Hoon;Ko, Eun-Ju;Graham, Hooley;Lee, Nick;Lee, Dong-Hae;Jung, Hong-Seob;Jeon, Byung-Joo;Moon, Hak-Il
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.245-276
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    • 2008
  • Brand equity is one of the most important concepts in business practice as well as in academic research. Successful brands can allow marketers to gain competitive advantage (Lassar et al.,1995), including the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and the ability to create barriers to competitive entry (Farquhar, 1989). Branding plays a special role in service firms because strong brands increase trust in intangible products (Berry, 2000), enabling customers to better visualize and understand them. They reduce customers' perceived monetary, social, and safety risks in buying services, which are obstacles to evaluating a service correctly before purchase. Also, a high level of brand equity increases consumer satisfaction, repurchasing intent, and degree of loyalty. Brand equity can be considered as a mixture that includes both financial assets and relationships. Actually, brand equity can be viewed as the value added to the product (Keller, 1993), or the perceived value of the product in consumers' minds. Mahajan et al. (1990) claim that customer-based brand equity can be measured by the level of consumers' perceptions. Several researchers discuss brand equity based on two dimensions: consumer perception and consumer behavior. Aaker (1991) suggests measuring brand equity through price premium, loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. Viewing brand equity as the consumer's behavior toward a brand, Keller (1993) proposes similar dimensions: brand awareness and brand knowledge. Thus, past studies tend to identify brand equity as a multidimensional construct consisted of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand knowledge, customer satisfaction, perceived equity, brand associations, and other proprietary assets (Aaker, 1991, 1996; Blackston, 1995; Cobb-Walgren et al., 1995; Na, 1995). Other studies tend to regard brand equity and other brand assets, such as brand knowledge, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and so on, as independent but related constructs (Keller, 1993; Kirmani and Zeithaml, 1993). Walters(1978) defined information search as, "A psychological or physical action a consumer takes in order to acquire information about a product or store." But, each consumer has different methods for informationsearch. There are two methods of information search, internal and external search. Internal search is, "Search of information already saved in the memory of the individual consumer"(Engel, Blackwell, 1982) which is, "memory of a previous purchase experience or information from a previous search."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). External search is "A completely voluntary decision made in order to obtain new information"(Engel & Blackwell, 1982) which is, "Actions of a consumer to acquire necessary information by such methods as intentionally exposing oneself to advertisements, taking to friends or family or visiting a store."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). There are many sources for consumers' information search including advertisement sources such as the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, information supplied by businesses such as sales people, packaging and in-store information, consumer sources such as family, friends and colleagues, and mass media sources such as consumer protection agencies, government agencies and mass media sources. Understanding consumers' purchasing behavior is a key factor of a firm to attract and retain customers and improving the firm's prospects for survival and growth, and enhancing shareholder's value. Therefore, marketers should understand consumer as individual and market segment. One theory of consumer behavior supports the belief that individuals are rational. Individuals think and move through stages when making a purchase decision. This means that rational thinkers have led to the identification of a consumer buying decision process. This decision process with its different levels of involvement and influencing factors has been widely accepted and is fundamental to the understanding purchase intention represent to what consumers think they will buy. Brand equity is not only companies but also very important asset more than product itself. This paper studies brand equity model and influencing factors including information process such as information searching and information resources in the fashion market in Asia and Europe. Information searching and information resources are influencing brand knowledge that influences consumers purchase decision. Nine research hypotheses are drawn to test the relationships among antecedents of brand equity and purchase intention and relationships among brand knowledge, brand value, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. H1. Information searching influences brand knowledge positively. H2. Information sources influence brand knowledge positively. H3. Brand knowledge influences brand attitude. H4. Brand knowledge influences brand value. H5. Brand attitude influences brand loyalty. H6. Brand attitude influences brand value. H7. Brand loyalty influences purchase intention. H8. Brand value influence purchase intention. H9. There will be the same research model in Asia and Europe. We performed structural equation model analysis in order to test hypotheses suggested in this study. The model fitting index of the research model in Asia was $X^2$=195.19(p=0.0), NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.87, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.083, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. In Europe, it was $X^2$=133.25(p=0.0), NFI=0.81, NNFI=0.85, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.073, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. From the test results, hypotheses were accepted. All of these hypotheses except one are supported. In Europe, information search is not an antecedent of brand knowledge. This means that sales of global fashion brands like jeans in Europe are not expanding as rapidly as in Asian markets such as China, Japan, and South Korea. Young consumers in European countries are not more brand and fashion conscious than their counter partners in Asia. The results have theoretical, practical meaning and contributions. In the fashion jeans industry, relatively few studies examining the viability of cross-national brand equity has been studied. This study provides insight on building global brand equity and suggests information process elements like information search and information resources are working differently in Asia and Europe for fashion jean market.

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Strategies for Increasing Library Inclusion by Analyzing Local-based Demands of Vulnerable Population (지역기반 지식정보 취약계층의 수요 분석을 통한 도서관 포용성 강화 전략)

  • Kang, Ji Hei;Bae, Kyung-Jae
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.295-318
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to grasp the changing user needs, especially the changing information needs of the vulnerable groups of knowledge and information. The study analyzed the information needs of the migrants in Area A by introducing a community-based participatory research methodology. The authors cooperated with the local community throughout the entire course of the study and proposed an inclusive library strategy for the underprivileged in the A region. Migrants were in demand for easy writing materials, reading activities programs, leisure culture programs, and literacy programs. In particular, it was analyzed that services should be provided through cooperation with related organizations. As a result of the study, it was suggested to provide experiences of deeply participating in the current library and to provide various information sources (resource guides) and to promote through children.

Analysis of the Price-Selection Problem in Priority-based Scheduling (우선순위 방식 스케쥴링에서의 가격선택 문제의 분석)

  • Park, Sun-Ju
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.183-192
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    • 2006
  • This paper analyzes the price-selection problem under priority-based scheduling for QoS (Quality of Service) network services, i.e., how to determine the price associated with each service level. In particular, we focus on the problems with the pricing mechanism based on equilibrium analysis. We claim that the assumptions needed to produce equilibrium nay not hold in some important environments. Specifically, (a) the individual user's impact on the system is not infinitesimal and (b) users do not always have up-to-date global system-status knowledge crucial for optimal user decisions required for equilibrium. These may make the equilibrium models inaccurate in realistic environments. We examine the accuracy of some existing equilibrium methods by using a dynamic model that we have developed for system behavior analysis. The analysis indicates that equilibrium methods fail to model accurately the system behavior in some realistic environments.

Object Relationship Modeling based on Bayesian Network Integration for Improving Object Detection Performance of Service Robots (서비스 로봇의 물체 탐색 성능 향상을 위한 베이지안 네트워크 결합 기반 물체 관계 모델링)

  • Song Youn-Suk;Cho Sung-Bae
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.15 no.7
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    • pp.817-822
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    • 2005
  • Recently tile study that exploits visual information for tile services of robot in indoor environments is active. Conventional image processing approaches are based on the pre-defined geometric models, so their performances are likely to decrease when they are applied to the uncertain and dynamic environments. For this, diverse researches to manage the uncertainty based on the knowledge for improving image recognition performance have been doing. In this paper we propose a Bayesian network modeling method for predicting the existence of target objects when they are occluded by other ones for improving the object detection performance of the service robots. The proposed method makes object relationship, so that it allows to predict the target object through observed ones. For this, we define the design method for small size Bayesian networks (primitive Bayesian netqork), and allow to integrate them following to the situations. The experiments are performed for verifying the performance of constructed model, and they shows $82.8\%$ of accuracy in 5 places.

Design and Application of Multi Concept Keyword Model based on Web-using Information (웹 사용 정보에 기반한 다중 성향 키워드 모델의 설계와 응용)

  • Yoon, Tae-Bok;Lee, Seung-Hoon;Yoon, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Jee-Hyong
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2009
  • There are various studies to provide useful information for users on huge data of web-sites. Web usage mining among them is a method to extract meaningful patterns based on web users' log data. Most of existing patterns of web usage mining, however, had not considered users' diverse inclination but created general models. Web users' keywords can have various meaning upon their tendency and background knowledge. This study is for generating Multi Concept Keyword Model (MCK-Model) by analyzing web usage information on users' keywords of interest. MCK-Model can supply web page network for various inclination based on users' keywords of interest. Also, MCK-Model can be used to recommend the most proper web pages and it has been confirmed that the suggested method is useful enough.

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Development and Assessment of Maternal and Child Nutrition Education Materials for Health Center Use (보건소 모자영양 교육자료 개발 및 평가)

  • Kim, Yeon-Jeong;Ryu, Hyeon-Ju;Nam, Hui-Jeong;Min, Yeong-Hui;Park, Hye-Ryeon
    • Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.428-441
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    • 2004
  • This study focused on developing and assessing the effectiveness of maternal and child nutrition education materials that can be used conveniently at health centers. Focus group interviews with pregnant women, research of websites for pregnant women, and questionnaire-based surveys on community residents' needs for maternal and child nutrition services were conducted as preliminary study. The focus group interviews were conducted ten times, with five or six women, and the needs assessment was carried out on 884 pregnant or lactating women. The contents of the education materials developed based on the preliminary study were made up of the pregnant women section and the lactating women section. The entire material was composed of lecture materials, guidelines for educators, and handout materials for mothers, in the form of CD and booklets. The lecture materials were made using MS Power Point and the guidelines were wrote specifically, including basic information, main points to the lectures, and lesson plans, so that even non-professionals can easily use them. The effectiveness of the education materials was assessed based on a pretest and posttest method. The reliability of the test instrument was measured by Cronbach alpha, which was 0.75. The results were that the participants' nutrition knowledge scores showed a significant increase(p<0.05) from 3.79$\pm$0.33 to 3.96$\pm$0.34, and their attitudes changed positively after the education (p<0.05).

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Automation of Service Level Agreement based on Active SLA (Active SLA 기반 서비스 수준 협약의 자동화)

  • Kim, Sang-Rak;Kang, Man-Mo;Bae, Jae-Hak
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.229-237
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    • 2013
  • As demand for IT services increase, which are based on SOA and cloud computing, service level agreements (SLAs) have received more attention in the parties concerned. An SLA is usually a paper contract written in natural language. SLA management tools which are commercially available, implement SLAs implicitly in the application with a procedural language. This makes automation of SLA management difficult. It is also laborious to maintain contract management systems because changes in a contract give rise to extensive modifications in the source code. We see the source of the trouble is the existence of documentary SLAs (paper contracts) and corresponding executable SLAs (contracts coded in the procedural language). In this paper, to resolve the current SLA management problems we propose an active SLM (Active Service Level Management) system, which is based on the active SLA (Active Service Level Agreement). In the proposed system, the separated management and processing of dual SLAs can be unified into a single process with the introduction of active SLAs (ASLAs).