• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to examine on reasoning and search for construction of diagnosis ontology as a knowledge base of diagnosis expert system in oriental medicine. Expert system is a field of artificial intelligence. It is a system to acquire information with diverse reasoning methods after putting expert's knowledge in computer systematically. A typical model of expert system consists of knowledge base and reasoning & explanatory structure offering conclusion with the knowledge. To apply ontology as knowledge base to expert system practically, consideration on reasoning and search should be together. Therefore, this study compared and examined reasoning, search with diagnosis process in oriental medicine. Reasoning is divided into Rule-based reasoning and Case-based reasoning. The former is divided into Forward chaining and Backward chaining. Because of characteristics of diagnosis, sometimes Forward chaining or backward chaining are required. Therefore, there are a lot of cases that Hybrid chaining is effective. Case-based reasoning is a method to settle a problem in the present by comparing with the past cases. Therefore, it is suitable to diagnosis fields with abundant cases. Search is sorted into Breadth-first search, Depth-first search and Best-first search, which have respectively merits and demerits. To construct diagnosis ontology to be applied to practical expert system, reasoning and search to reflect diagnosis process and characteristics should be considered.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the differences in the level of children's knowledge and reasoning skills due to the sloping phenomenon according to their ages and the types of tasks they were asked to perform, and (2) to investigate whether children's prior knowledge is changed to post knowledge through their reasoning. A total of 120 subjects, forty from each of the age groups 4, 6 and 8 were selected for the study. The major findings are presented below : 8-year old children showed higher levels of prior knowledge than 6-year old children. The prior knowledge level of the "size" task was higher than that of the "weight" task. 6-and 8-year old children showed higher levels of reasoning than 4-year old children. The reasoning level of the "size" task was higher than that of the "weight" task. 6-and 8-year old children showed higher levels of post knowledge than 4-year old children. However, there was no difference in children's post knowledge according to task difference. Through the different types of reasoning involved in the children's performances of the two tasks, changes in the prior knowledge of the sloping phenomenon were observed among all age groups.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

Objectives : In this paper, characteristics of research methodology used in the field of Korean Medical Classics and its application was studied, with a focus on abductive reasoning that takes place in such methodology. Methods : First, the properties of the Korean Medical knowledge system, production, circulation and consumption of Korean Medical knowledge, methodology of knowledge production, reasoning of hypothesis, Medical Classics research methodology and its examples were examined. Afterwards, the relationship between Medical Classics research and Korean Medical Doctors's competence was studied. Results : The knowledge system of Korean Medicine, formed by a knowledge production group changes continuously not unlike a living organism. Knowledge is produced through Sang (象) within human consciousness that lies in an existential relationship between the knowledge producer and subject, through means of abductive reasoning. Conclusions : Creative knowledge production through abductive reasoning in the field of Korean Medical Classics will hopefully contribute to production of highly useful knowledge in clinical settings, complement and make change in the current Korean Medical knowledge system. Various teaching methods based on this research methodology will contribute to strengthening Korean Medical Doctors's competence as well.

• 인지과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2005

유연성과 광범위성을 갖는 대규모 인지 시스템의 구축을 위해서는 전문적인 지식 뿐 아니라 상식수준의 지식에 기초한 추론을 제공하는 필수 불가결하다. 본 논문에서는 정성적 추론을 이용하여 일상에서의 다양한 자연 현상에 대한 상식 추론을 제공하는 인지시스템에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 기존의 정성적 추론은 다양한 일상의 개념과는 동떨어진 추상적인 개념에 기초하여 추론을 전개하여, 상식 추론에 이용되기에는 어려움이 있었다 본 연구에서는 기존의 정성적 추론을 범용의 대용량 Cyc 지식베이스에 접목하여, 스케치와 일상의 개념에 기초한 상식 추론을 제공하고자 하였다. 본 시스템은 구현되어 여러 예제에 적용되어 그 실효성을 입증할 수 있었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.604-611
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• 2015

Purpose: Knowledge, clinical reasoning, and self-confidence are the basis for undergraduate education, and determine students' level of competence. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the addition of a one-time simulation experience to the didactic curriculum on nursing students' knowledge acquisition, clinical reasoning skill, and self-confidence. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental crossover design consisted of intervention and wait-list control groups. Participants were non-randomly assigned to the first intervention group (Group A, n=48) or the wait-list control group (Group B, n=46). Knowledge level was assessed through a multiple choice written test, and clinical reasoning skill was measured using a nursing process model-based rubric. Self-confidence was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. Results: Results indicated that students in the simulation group scored significantly higher on clinical reasoning skill and related knowledge than those in the didactic lecture group; no difference was found for self-confidence. Conclusion: Findings suggest that undergraduate nursing education requires a simulation-based curriculum for clinical reasoning development and knowledge acquisition.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2014

As the role of information collection becomes increasingly important in the enormous data environment, there is growing demand for more intelligent information technologies for managing complex data. On the other hand, it is difficult to find a solution because of the data complexity and big scaled amount. Accordingly, there is a need for a special intelligent knowledge base frame that can be operated by itself flexibly. In this paper, by adopting switching function for signal transmission in the synapse of the human brain, I/E selective activation based knowledge reconfiguring mechanism is proposed for building more intelligent information management system. In particular, knowledge network design, a special knowledge node structure, Type definition, I/E gauge definition and I/E matching scheme are provided. Using these concepts, the proposed system makes the functions of activation by I/E Gauge, selection and reconfiguration. In a more efficient manner, the routing and reasoning process was performed based on the knowledge reconfiguration network. In the experiments, the process of selection by I/E matching, knowledge reconfiguration and routing & reasoning results are described.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this literature review is to investigate what kinds of research have been done about scientific inquiry in terms of scientific argumentation in the classroom context from the upper elementary to the high school levels. First, science educators argued that there had not been differentiation between authentic scientific inquiry by scientists and school scientific inquiry by students in the classroom. This uncertainty of goals or definition of scientific inquiry has led to the problem or limitation of implementing scientific inquiry in the classroom. It was also pointed out that students' learning science as inquiry has been done without opportunities of argumentation to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Second, what is scientific argumentation, then? Researchers stated that scientific inquiry in the classroom cannot be guaranteed only through hands-on experimentation. Students can understand how scientific knowledge is constructed through their reasoning skills using opportunities of argumentation based on their procedural skills using opportunities of experimentation. Third, many researchers emphasized the social practices of small or whole group work for enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills through argumentations. Different role of leadership in groups and existence of teachers' roles are found to have potential in enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand science as inquiry. Fourth, what is scientific reasoning? Scientific reasoning is defined as an ability to differentiate evidence or data from theory and coordinate them to construct their scientific knowledge based on their collection of data (Kuhn, 1989, 1992; Dunbar & Klahr, 1988, 1989; Reif & Larkin, 1991). Those researchers found that students skills in scientific reasoning are different from scientists. Fifth, for the purpose of enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed, other researchers suggested that teachers' roles in scaffolding could help students develop those skills. Based on this literature review, it is important to find what kinds of generalizable teaching strategies teachers use for students scientific reasoning skills through scientific argumentation and investigate teachers' knowledge of scientific argumentation in the context of scientific inquiry. The relationship between teachers' knowledge and their teaching strategies and between teachers teaching strategies and students scientific reasoning skills can be found out if there is any.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

In this research, hybrid method with case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning is applied. Using case-based reasoning, design experts'experience and know-how are effectively represented in order to obtain a proper configuration of midship section in the initial ship design stage. Since there is not sufficient domain knowledge available to us, traditional case-adaptation algorithms cannot be applied to our problem, i.e., creating the configuration of midship section. Thus, new case-adaptation algorithms not requiring any domain knowledge are developed antral applied to our problem. Using the knowledge representation of DnV rules, rule-based reasoning can perform deductive inference in order to obtain the scantling of midship section efficiently. The results from the case-based reasoning and the rule-based reasoning are examined by comparing the results with various conventional methods. And the reasonability of our results is verified by comparing the results wish actual values from parent ship.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2009

본 논문은 포석 바둑을 위해, 패턴 지식을 근간으로 바둑 용어 지식을 수행할 수 있는 뉴로-퍼지 추론에 대한 실험 결과를 설명하였다. 즉, 포석 시 최선의 착점을 결정하기 위한 뉴로-퍼지 추론 시스템의 구현을 논하였다. 또한 추론 시스템의 성능을 시험하기 위하여 시차 학습(TD($\lambda$) learning) 시스템과의 대결을 벌였다. 대결 결과에 의하면 단순한 뉴로-퍼지 추론 시스템조차 시차 학습 모델과 충분히 대결할 만하며, 뉴로-퍼지 추론 시스템이 실제 바둑 게임에도 적용될 수 있는 잠재력을 보였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2019

Knowledge based system includes tools for constructing, testing, validating and refining the system along with user interfaces. An important issue in the design of a complete knowledge based system is the ability to produce explanations. Explanations are not just a series of rules involved in reasoning track. More detailed and explicit form of explanations is required not only for reliable reasoning but also for maintainability of the knowledge based system. This requires the explanation mechanisms to extend from knowledge oriented analysis to task oriented explanations. The explicit modeling of problem solving structures is suggested for explanation generation as well as for efficient and effective reasoning. Unlike other explanation scheme such as feedback explanation, the detailed, smaller and explicit representation of problem solving constructs can provide the system with capability of quality explanation. As a key step to development for explanation scheme, the problem solving methods are broken down into a finer grained problem solving primitives. The system records all the steps with problem solving primitives and knowledge involved in the reasoning. These are used to validate the conclusion of the consultation through explanations. The system provides user interfaces and uses specific templates for generating explanation text.