• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.212-224
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• 2013

This study intends to clarify how Sayeok-tang(here in after reffered to SYT) affect C57BL/10 mice whose osteoarthritis was induced by papain. Osteoarthritis was induced by injecting papain in the knee joint of 3 groups(n=6) of mice. Normal group was non-treatment group and was not injected papain, whereas control mice were orally administered with $200{\mu}{\ell}$ of physiological saline. Positive comparison group was medicated with 100 mg/kg of Joins$^{(R)}$ mixed with $200{\mu}{\ell}$ of physiological saline. Experimental group was medicated with 400 mg/kg of SYT mixed with $200{\mu}{\ell}$ of physiological saline. Both Positive and experimental comparison groups were orally medicated once per day for 4 weeks. After the experiment, the functions of liver and kidney, inflammation cytokine values within serum, degree of revelation for inflammation cytokine genes, immune cells within blood, metabolism of arachidonic acid and amount of cartilage were measured and histopathological changes in the knee joint structures were observed. As results, SYT had no significant effect on the liver and kidney functions. Interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6(IL-6), monocyte chemo attractant protein-1(MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) were significantly decreased. Inflammation cytokines in joints were all significantly decreased. Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, thromboxane $B_2(TXB_2)$ were significantly decreased. Destruction of cartilage on micro computed tomography(CT)-arthrography was meaningfully decreased. In terms of histopathology, infiltration of inflammation, proliferation of synovial membrane, subsidence of cartilage and bone due to penetration of excessive formation of synovial cell and destruction of cartilage were small. Based on all results mentioned above, Sayeok-tang(SYT) is believed to be meaningful for suppressing the progress of osteoarthritis and its treatments because of its anti-inflammatory effects and alleviation of pain with histopathological effective efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to develop an instrument for the Korean Osteoarthritis Impact Measurement scale (KAIMS) in hip and knee osteoarthritis patients. Methods: A sample of 426 subjects was recruited in Ulsan metropolitan city (six hospitals and clinics) and Andong city (five hospitals and clinics) from June 2010 to May 2011. Item internal consistency and item discriminant validity were analyzed on the item-level, and floor (%) and ceiling (%) effect were analyzed on the scale-level. Exploratory factor analysis was performed for construction of items in the KAIMS instrument; confirmative factor analysis was also performed to test the fit of the model. Results: In 426 respondents, age was 64.3 years. The reliability for r coefficient 0.90 (mobility) and 0.89 (pain and stiffness) (Cronbach's alpha 0.95, 0.95 respectively) was high in the test-retest, and there was no significant difference in paired t-test (p>0.05). Item internal consistency (${\alpha}=0.92$, ${\alpha}=0.87$ respectively) was also high. It was constructed of two factors (mobility, pain and stiffness dimension) and nine items in explanatory factor analysis; results of confirmatory factor analysis also indicated that the dimensional structure model was fitted well in the test of model fit (${\chi}^2=83.83$, df=26, p=0.000; RMR=0.05; GFI=0.96; AGFI=0.83). Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the KAIMS that was developed was a reliable and valid instrument for measurement of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We recommend further research for additional development of the instrument on OA in Korea.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2014

Osteoarthritis is a disease that has considerable effect on both individuals and economy. The number of osteoarthritis patients are gradually increasing as people get to enjoy longevity. This study was conducted to examine 30 osteoarthritis patients. Following is the report which shows the effectiveness of KJ27 based on statistical data analysis. Among 5 who have reported that they were not able to walk or use their knees at all, 80% of them were completely recovered. Among 18 who have stated that it was very hard for them to walk for more than a kilometer, 66.7% were completely recovered. Among 7 who have reported that it was little bit difficult for them to walk, 71.4% were completely recovered. Among 25 out of 30 who were very unsatisfied with former treatments, 70% of them stated that they were very satisfied with KJ27 treatments, and 30% of them stated that they were satisfied with it. Among 5 who had not had any type of osteoarthritis treatments, 100% have stated that they were very satisfied with the treatment. 18 patients who were under this treatment for a month were completely recovered; 10 patients who were under this treatment for 2 months were completely recovered; and finally 2 patients who were under this treatment for 3 months and longer were completely recovered. It is not clearly understood whether KJ27 will eradicate the entire symptoms of osteoarthritis, yet. Numerous case studies and experiments should be conducted to improve and apply KJ27.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.53-66
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was designed to compare the effects of acanthopanax stem bark (ASB) and acanthopanax root bark (ARB) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Also, we examined total poly phenol and flavonoids contents. Osteoarthritis was caused by injection MIA($50{\mu}{\ell}$ with $80mg/m{\ell}$) into the knee joint cavity of rats. Rats were divided by 4 groups (normal group, control group, ASB treated group, ARB treated group, each n=6). The changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were analyzed after experiment. Also, the anti-oxidant, inflammatory protein levels were investigated western blot analysis. Knee joint tissue, histopathological observation hematoxylin & eosin staining and safranin-O staining were measured. Results : In the present study, ARB treated group showed superior inhibitory effects on the inflammatory parameters than the ASB treated group. ARB aqueous extract was effective in antioxidant measurements. The administration of ARB showed a significant reduction of changes in relative hind paw weight distribution. Morever, it decreased ROS, ALT and AST levels in serum, compared with those of the control rats. The ARB administration inhibited the biomarkers of inflammatory in tissues. Conclusions : ASB aqueous extract and ARB aqueous extract have a great effect on osteoarthritis, and ARB aqueous extract has excellent effect on osteoarthritis through antioxidant and anti-inflammation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the applicability of thermography as severity measurement in the patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods : Data were obtained from 80 patiens with OA of the knee. They were asked to answer two disease-specific questionnaire (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index. Lequesne's Functional Index (LFI)), one generic instrument (Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire (KHAQ)), VAS in order to assess the severity of disease, quality of life, and degree of pain and taken thermography in standardized environment. Results : The thermal difference between ipsilateral side and contralaterla side of lateral aspect of knee was correlated with that of medial aspect of knee, and the thermal difference of anterior thigh was correlated with that of lateral, medial aspect of knee and patella region. Age, duration of disease, duration of morning stiffness, sex, crepitus, and painful side of knee were not correlated with the thermal differences of each region. LFI, WOMAC, WOMAC pain subscale, WOMAC stiffness subscale, WOMAC physical function, KHAQ, VAS were not correlated with the thermal differences of each region. Conclusion : Futher study on the thermography on OA of the knee in population with appropriate severity grade and the standardization of analysis of thermographic data were recommended.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Objectives : The Knee degenerative osteoarthritis patients are not satisfied with the conventional therapies of KDOA, which results in the use of alternative therapies. The miniscalpel acupuncture is effective in treating chronic soft tissue, releasing contractures. However, there is little scientific evidence supporting the use of miniscalpel acupuncture in knee degenerative osteoarthritis. This study was designed to obtain basic data for a further large-scale trial as well as provide information about the feasibility of miniscalpel acupuncture in knee degenerative osteoarthritis patients. Methods : We describe the protocol for a randomized controlled pilot clinical trial of 5 weeks duration. Twenty patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to two treatment groups: miniscalpel acupuncture treatment(experimental group); and acupuncture and electro-acupuncture treatment(control group). Miniscalpel acupuncture will be performed once with a 1-week interval for 3 weeks. Electro-acupuncture will be administered twice per week for a period of 3 weeks. The primary outcomes will be measured by visual analogue scale and range of motion. The secondary outcomes will be short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Both primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline and at 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks(i.e. 2 weeks after treatment completion). Conclusions : This pilot study will provide a basic foundation for a future large-scale trial as well as information about the feasibility of miniscalpel acupuncture in knee degenerative osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kinematic variables by analysis of a gait in older. Methods : This study selected nine in older adults with osteoarthritis. The Kinematic variables during walk were compared analyzed using motion analysis. Results : The findings of this study are as follows. Stance time showed significant difference within-subject groups and interaction within-subjects and time. The swing and stride time showed a no significant interaction within-subjects and time. Swing time showed a no significant difference according to time and within-subjects. Stride time showed a significant difference according to time. But, stride time showed a no significant difference according to within-subjects. Conclusion : These findings of this study indicate that when the patients with total knee arthroplasty decreased stability. Therefore, stance and stride time showed increase when walking, because to decrease the weight bearing that is delivered to knee. And swing time showed decrease.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2005

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-134
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• 2019

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.669-685
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• 1997

Previous studies, reporting the inverse relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis suggest the existence of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms between them. To examinine the hypothesis that 'bone mineral densities of women with osteoarthritis are significantly higher than that of women without osteoarthritis in Korea', subjects from the health and nutritional examination survey in Kuri city were sampled. Samples were selected through multi-stage sampling frame using established clusters in Kuri city. From August 18 to September 10,1997, the survey was conducted. Among the. total number of selected sample population (1,656 people), response .ate was 52.4 percent (348 men and 519 women). 420 women who took BMD measurement, radiologic exam, and anthropometric exam were selected for the analysis. The analytic results are as follows. 1. General characteristics: Mean BMD was $0.493g/cm^2$, mean age was 43.0, mean BMI was $23.9kg/m^2$. The number of women who experienced menopause was 106, hysterectomy was 19. There were 0 case of osteoarthritis of hip, 64 cases of osteoarthritis of knee, and 2 cases of osteoarthritis of hand. 2. Univariate analysis results: Mean BMD of women with the osteoarthritis of knee was significantly lower than that of women without the osteoarthritis of knee(0.4269 vs. $0.5057g/cm^2$). But, there were too few cases of osteoarthritis of hip and hand, so comparative studies of BMD in osteoarthritis of hip and hand could not be conducted. There were significant differences of BMD among pre-menopause group(0.5204), post-menopause group(0.4206), and hysterectomy group(0.4881). Additionally, there were significant differences of BMD among diabetes group(0.4297), impaired glucose tolerance group(0.4874), and normal group(0.5057). Furthermore, age, parity, BMI, bioimpedance were significantly related with BMD. 3. Multivariate analysis results: To examinine the relationship between osteoarthritis and BMD while controlling the other variables' effects which were significant in the univariate analyses, multiple linear regression analysis was done. But, it was found that osteoarthritis of knee was not a significant variable to BMD anymore. While age and menopause had significant negative relationship with BMD. Diabetes, parity, BMI, and bioimpedance did not have significant relationships with BMD. After stratification of subjects according to menopause, multiple linear regression analyses were done to each strata. Consequently, age in post-menopause group, age and osteoarthritis of knee in hysterectomy group showed significant negative relationship with BMD. The results did not support the many results of other previous studies done with white men and women. further studies of biological plausibility to Korean women are recommended. Also it is suggested that longitudinal study to verify the relationship between osteoarthritis and BMD will be valuable.