• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2008

Cellular phones are the most used electronic device everyday in modern life and are always in contact with our hands, Although many studies have revealed microorganisms living on our hands, there are only a few reports on the research about products or places which are in contact with our hands. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify microorganisms living in cellular phones. Microorganisms were scraped from cellular phones of students and professors from the clinical laboratory science department in Daegu Health College, and cultured at Brain Heart Infusion agar and MacConkey agar following API kit to identify them. The average colony number was $1.5{\times}10^2$ on BHI agar and $40{\times}10$ on MacConkey agar. There was no difference according to gender. In Gram stain result, Gram(+) Cocci showed the highest frequency. Also in BHI agar plates, Micrococcus spp and Acinetobacter baumannii identified with high frequency. Moreover, S. aureus, which is very well known as strong food poisoning bacteria, was isolated. Klebsiella pneumonia ssp pneumonia was isolated with the highest frequency from the MacConkey agar or S-S agar plate. From these results show, there are as many different microorganisms from cellular phones as from our hands. This is the first report isolating strong food poisoning bacteria in cellular phones. Since infection in hospitals have been an important issue to be aware of, it is equally necessary to investigate cell phones and products which hospital workers touch with their hands.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.533-542
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• 2014

We extracted essential oils from four species (Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla) in the family Pinaceae to investigate their antibacterial activities against respiratory tract bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophillus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Neisseria meningitides). Among the tested oils, that from A. holophylla was showed strong activity based on disc diffusion and broth medium dilution (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) assays. Qualitative analysis of A. holophylla oil was carried out by GC-MS; ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, bornyl acetate, borneol, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and ${\alpha}$-bisabolol were identified as its major constituents. Fractionation by silica gel chromatography was performed to analyze the active constituents of the crude oil. In particular, one fraction containing caryophyllene oxide as the major constituent showed stronger antibacterial activity than the crude oil of A. holophylla. Growth rates of bacterial strains exposed to fraction D were explored by optical density (OD600) measurements while morphology was examined by optical microscopy observations ( ${\times}1000$). OD600 of K. pneumoniae decreased from 0.2582 to 0.005 in response to treatment with fraction D at a MIC value of $0.31{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2004

Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is a rare, distinct dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital hydronephrosis, skeletal dysplasia, and severe developmental retardation, likely to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, but not yet confirmed. This syndrome is characterized by coarse facial features such as midfacial retraction, bulging forehead, short nose with anteverted nostrils, low-set malformed ears, protruding large tongue, and hypertelorism. Skeletal and limb defects, choanal stenosis, simian creases, hypospadias, microphallus, hypertrichosis, and intractable seizures are the frequently associated clinical findings. Urogenital involvement is a major component of the syndrome, and this problem sometimes is associated with nephrocalcinosis and urinary tract infection in the clinical course of the disease. We report a 22 month-old girl with Schinzel-Giedion syndrome complicated by medullary nephrocalcinosis and urinary tract infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. This patient had also been suffering from postnatal growth deficiency, intractable seizure, spastic tetraplegia, delayed development and severe mental retardation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.198-207
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated causative strains and their antibiotic sensitivity in patients who were hospitalized for maxillofacial odontogenic infections at a tertiary center in South Korea over the past 10 years with the aim of providing guidelines for the selection of appropriate empirical antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Patients with head and neck fascial space abscesses due to odontogenic infections who underwent incision and drainage surgery with pus culture tests between 2013 and 2022 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dankook University Hospital were included. The bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity of each strain were analyzed for 2013-2022, 2013-2017, and 2018-2022. The affected fascial spaces were classified into primary, secondary, and deep neck spaces. Results: In the 192 patients included in this study, 302 strains were detected. Viridans streptococcus had the highest frequency (51.7%), followed by Prevotella spp. (16.9%), Staphylococcus spp. (5.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.6%). The identification rate of viridans streptococcus significantly increased from 41.8% in 2013-2017 to 60.9% in 2018-2022. Viridans streptococcus showed an antibiotic sensitivity of 80.5% to ampicillin; the sensitivity to penicillin antibiotics decreased over the study period. Antibiotic susceptibility was approximately 94% for third-generation cephalosporins. K. pneumoniae, which was identified at a high percentage in patients with deep neck space infection, showed increasing antibiotic resistance to most antibiotics over the study period. Conclusion: Viridans streptococcus was identified in head and neck fascial space abscesses with the highest frequency. Empirical antibiotics should be effective against this strain; penicillin antibiotics are considered inappropriate. For effective treatment of deep neck space abscesses, bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests performed as soon as possible are essential.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2015

Pyogenic liver abscess with metastatic septic complications is a rare and serious infectious disease if not treated properly. Pyogenic liver abscesses are caused by bacterial, fungal, or parasitic organisms. Escherichia coli used to be the predominant causative agent, but Klebsiella pneumoniae emerged as a major cause in the 1990s. Liver abscesses are caused by hepatic invasion via many routes, such as, the biliary tree, portal vein, hepatic artery, direct extension, or penetrating trauma. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus and malignant conditions are established important risk factors of K. pneumoniae liver abscesses and of septic metastasis, and several recent studies have asserted that K. pneumoniae liver abscess might be a presentation of occult or silent colon cancer. We report a case of K. pneumoniae liver abscess, metastatic septic pulmonary embolism, and endophthalmitis associated with diabetes and advanced gastric cancer.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2006

Purpose : The aims of this study included assessment of molecular-epidemiologic features during an outbreak of colonization of extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae(ESBL-KPN) and re-evaluation of their colonized status one year later. Methods : Rectal swab cultures for ESBL-KPN from all hospitalized infants and newly admitted infants were obtained during the outbreak of colonization from July to December, 2000. The pattern of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA of isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Weekly rectal swab cultures were obtained during the outbreak until patients were either discharged or decolonized. Patients discharged after being colonized had follow up stool cultures a year later. Results : A total of 80 patients(28.5 percent) were colonized. Of those, 53 whose pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) was possible only once, were ESBL-KPN grouped into six cluster clones and 10 single clones : 28 patients(52.8 percent) were colonized with type A, the most common clone, followed by type B in 11 patients(20.8 percent). Of those 12 patients in whom serial PFGE was done more than twice, type A was predominant. Narrowed-down in strains occurred from types A, B, C, D and three single clones at initiation of the study into types A and type B after three months of strict infection control. Among 75 patients(93.7 percent) who were sent home after being colonized, 30 patients were re-called for stool cultures a year later : All of them were decolonized. Conclusion : This study demonstrates the importance of infection control as the diversity of ESBL-KPN strains could be narrowed into fewer strains. Colonization of ESBL-KPN could be reversed upon return to the community.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 2008

The production of 1,3.propanediol (1,3-PD) was investigated with Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM2026 and K. pneumoniae DSM4799 using crude glycerol obtained from biodiesel industry. Crude glycerol was used without prior purification to investigate effects of impurities in crude glycerol on 1,3-PD production. In the batch cultures, 1,3-PD production with crude glycerol was $1.1{\sim}2.5$ times higher than that with pure glycerol, indicating that crude glycerol is even a better substrate than pure glycerol for 1,3-PD fermentation. When glucose was added, 1,3-PD production and yield decreased in spite of enhanced cell growth. Furthermore, the addition of glucose was found to increase 2,3-butanediol, a by-product, significantly because of the change in metabolism in the presence of glucose. In semi-batch cultures without glucose addition, 26 g/L 1,3-PD was produced with crude glycerol, which was $2{\sim}3$ times higher than that with pure glycerol. Based on our results, it was clearly shown that crude glycerol is an effective substrate for biological 1,3-PD production, making it more feasible to produce 1,3-PD at a lower price.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to survey susceptibilities of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates against cefotaxime and to determine the prevalences of CTX-M type extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Korea. During the period of February to July, 2005, 153 E. coli and 52 K. neumoniae isolates were collected from 2 hospitals in Busan. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to cefotaxime were tested by the disk diffusion method. ESBL production of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was determined by the double disk synergy test. MICs of $\beta$-lactam antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Blac$_{CTX-M}$ genes of the organism were detected by PCR. Among 153 isolates of E. coli and 52 isolates of K. neumoniae, 27 (17.6%) and 25 (48.0%) were intermediate or resistant to cefotaxime, respectively. Twenty-three (15.0%) isolates out of 153 E. coli and 13 (25.0%) out of 52 K. neumoniae isolates showed positive results for ESBL by the double disk synergy test. Twenty isolates out of 23 ESBL producing E. coli and 12 out of 13 ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored biacTx-M gene,11 of ESBL producing E. coli and 12 of ESBL producing K. neuinoniae isolates harbored bla$_{CTX-M}$ gene, 11 of the ESBL producing E. coli and 2 of ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored bla$_{TEM}$ gene, and 1 of the ESBL producing E. coli and 12 of ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored bla$_{SHV}$ gene. E. coli and K. neumoniae isolates producing CTX-M-type ESBLs were not uncommon in Korea. It is thought that continuous survey are necessary for inspecting the spread and novel variants of CTX-M-type ESBL genes. Further me]'e investigation and research on ESBL producing strains are needed in order to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

The present study was set to develop comprehensive system for assessing the safety of drinking water using PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA). The REBA developed in this study can detect waterborne pathogens such as Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Yersinia spp., Mycobacterium spp., Listeria spp. at the genus level, and Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, M. marinum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus at the species level, and E. coli O157:H7 at the strain level.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.427-431
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• 2018

We report a case of a patient with necrotizing fasciitis followed by liver abscess. A 51-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 5-day history of fever and chills with painful swelling of the right thigh. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed fluid collection with numerous dark signal intensities considered as air-bubbles between the posteromedial and posterolateral groups of the right thigh, resulting in presumptive diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. At the time of admission, an ultrasonograph of the abdomen showed increased parenchymal echogenicity of both kidneys and no liver abscess. Ten days after fasciotomy, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed intrahepatic abscess. Sonography-guided percutaneous drainage was performed. Both cultures of pus specimens from the liver abscess and right thigh yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). The patient was treated with fasciotomy several times and parenteral antibiotics, after which he began to improve. After 5 weeks, liver abscess size was reduced, and after 10 weeks, liver abscess disappeared. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of K. pneumoniae-necrotizing fasciitis followed by liver abscess.