• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.102-105
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• 2008

The most common abnormality of the umbilicus in the foal is the patent urachus. Patent urachus may be a congenital or acquired condition in foals in which the urachus fails to close spontaneously at or shortly after parturition. A 17-day-old male Thoroughbred foal was requested to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of Cheju National University. The foal showed clinical signs such as umbilical urination, anorexia, depression, lethargy, and abdominal pain for 10 days. Because of the umbilical urination, the surgery for patent urachus was performed, but he died next day. Grossly, many pale yellowish foci 10-20 mm in diameter were scattered on the throughout surface of lungs. Severe subcapsular hemorrhage was observed in left kidney. Large milky yellow mass 10X6-7 cm in size was found in the adjacent area of right kidney. Histopathologically, many abscesses with bacterial cocci were scattered in the blood vessels or adjacent pulmonary parenchyma of lungs. Severe numerous abscesses with intralesional bacterial cocci were mostly occupied in the abdominal mass from right kidney. Gram staining for tissue sections demonstrated numerous Gram positive cocci in pulmonary and abdominal abscesses. In bacterial culture, catalase-positive beta-hemolytic colonies were isolated and confirmed as Staphylococcus (S.) aureus by Vitek system. Based on the results, acquired patent urachus and then multiple abscesses may be originated from the umbilical cord infected with S. aureus in this foal.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.143-161
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• 2004

In Dongeuibogam "東醫寶鑑", Qian Yi(錢乙)'s had been reorganized in more elaborated ways, comprising Ju dan Gae(朱丹溪)'s 'Yang is always sufficient and Yin is always deficient theory(陽有餘陰不足論) and Li Dong Yuan(李東垣)'s 'Theory of the Spleen and Stomach(脾胃論)'. In organizing the contents, 5 Organs(五臟) were mostly concerned especially 'the Heart, the Fire (心火) and the Kidney, the Water(腎水)' as the axis and 'the Spleen and Stomach(脾胃)' as the center of 5 Organs. Based on this concept, the patterns of disharmonies were categorized and the table of content was organized. In this book, 'Deficiency-Excess and Nourishing-Draining(虛實補瀉)'is the basic treatment rule and the concept of 'Yin and Yang(陰陽)' and 'Exterior and Interior(表裏)' is considered to help tell the prognosis. This book has importance of systemizing Qian Yi(錢乙)'s , which was previously mentioned in Hyangyakjipseongbang("鄕藥集成方"),Euibangyoochui("醫方類聚"), Euirimchyalyo("醫林撮要"), by comprising the theories of Jin Yuan Si Da J ia -the four great masters of the Jin Yuan Dynasties(金元四大家).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.437-450
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• 1995

In order to clear the basic concept about oriental medical physiology and pathology, We studied the theory of three yin, three yang, and it is based on the principle that yang goes forward and yin goes back. The result were summarized as follows. 1. It showed how to originate about the concept of three yin three yang. 2. It showed the logical basis concerning that the TAIYANG channels are open, the YANGMING channels are shut, the SHAOYANG channels are pivots, the TAIYIN open, SHAOYIN shut, JUEYIN pivots. 3. According to the opening, closing, pivoting principle, It explained the exterior and interior relation such as TAIYANG and SHAOYIN, YANGMING and TAIYIN, SHAOYANG and JUEYIN. 4. According to the opening, closing, pivoting principle, It showed that arteries of the twelve channels rotated in lung channel of hand-TAIYIN, the large intestine channel of hand-YANGMING, the stomach channel of foot-YANGMING, the spleen channel of foot-TAIYIN, the heart channel of hand-SHAOYIN, the small intestine channel of hand-SHAOYANG, the urinary bladder channel of foot-TAIYANG, the kidney channel of foot-SHAOYIN, the pericardium channel of hand-JUEYIN, the sanjiao(三焦) channel of hand-SHAOYANG, the gall bladder channel of foot-SHAOYANG, the liver channel of foot-JUEYIN. 5. As arteries of the twelve channels was based on the cycle, the logical criticism about Napgibup(納氣法) was shown.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2001

Though, these days there are increasing many patient of insomnia, there was not considered literatual study on insomnia. So, the result of consideration about cause and process of insomnia from thirty kinds of literatures, are as follows. 1. Early literature like Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經), Sanghanron(傷寒論) reffered to insomnia as accompanying symptom. on the other hand, Myung(明), Chung(淸)'s literatures reffered to that as chief symptom or distinguished chief symptom from accompanying symptom. 2. There were tendency of deductive expanding of various masters and tendency of induction of simple theory that was based on Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經). 3. Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經) showed basic process of the sleep disorder that 'exhausting of Yin and excess of Yang (陰盡陽盛)', protecting energy does not invade Yin portion(陽氣不入於陰). And Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經) showed cause of insomnia that deficiency of vital energy and blood, imbalanced of spleen and stomach, a fever as a invasion in the outside, lung system's disease. This became a basic cause and process of the sleep disorder in ancient period. 4. Sanghanron(傷寒論) occurred to insomnia as accompanying symptom in progress, remedy of a fever invaded outside, Kumkyeyoriak showed as origination in weakness, fatique, various diseases. Out of that, there is a significance in description of insomnia from some disease like histery or neurosis. 5. Jaebyungwonhuron(諸病源候論), Chunkumbang(千金方), Kukbangseo(局方書.) occured to a fire of heart(心慤) and a deficiency of heart and gall bladder(心膽虛) in defails. Insomnia is caused by agony of seven emotion, delivering of a child, are similar to insomnia is caused by psychologic disorders. Injaesanghanyusu(仁劑傷寒類書) occured to exhausting of Yin and excess of Yang (陰盡陽盛), imbalanced of stomach(胃不和) invasion of coldness(傷寒) are brought a conclusion of assumption of sap(津液耗損) brought about unreturn of yin energy. 6. Manbyunghuechum(萬病回春) in Myung period (明代) made much of portion of phlegm's influence about spiritual function. Kyungakjunsu(景岳全書) valued much of treatment divided according to excess and deficiency. Junginmaekchi(證因脈治) occurred to concept of pyorihesil(表裏虛實), Dongyibokam(東醫寶鑑) synthesised various theories. 7. Hyuljungron(血證論), Byunjungkimun(辨證奇聞), Suksilbirok(石室秘錄) made much of surprisemeni(驚恐) Consideration(思慮), liver's dryness(肝燥) is caused by liver's weakness(肝虛), imbalance of haert -kidney(心腎不交), seven emotion(七情). Especially, ftyujungchijae(類證治載) said that heart, liver, gall-bladder, kidney, surprisment, consideration baought to a conclusion of inbalance of Yang and Yin (陽不交陰). There is a tendency in literature mostly that literature showed separation of insomnia as a chief symptom. 8. These days there are increasing many patient of insomnia. So, it is needed to study about insomnia as a psychologic disease. Saying in conclusion, it is needed that we have to recognize in modern style based on ancient style of cause and process of insomnia. It is regarded to study about insomnia definitely and experimently.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the ground why constitution must be classified into 4 types. 2. Methods I analysed the basic presuppositions to class 4 Type Constitution in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). And I connected the presuppositions with other theories from the viewpoint of directional properties of human body. 3. Results and Conclusions The most important presupposition to class 4 Type Constitution and apply to clinical therapy in SCM is that there is native strength and weakness of lung's Exhale Dispersing Qi, liver's Inhale Gathering Qi, spleen's Ascending Yin Qi and kidney's Descending Yang Qi. If there is superior tendency of Qi flow direction in human body, 6 directions(upward, downward, forward, backward, outward and inward) will be remarkable. But, in embryonic period, the outer skin is originated from the back(ectoderm) and the alimentary canal is from the front(endoderm). Therefore 4 directions(upward, downward, outward and inward) will be more remarkable, and those directions are included in the former presupposition.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.453-469
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• 2001

This study attempted to analyze the contents of the research papers concerning the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia presented in the magazine of Chinese Medicine published in China over the period between 1998 and 2000. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn: 1. The Chinese medical category of Alzheimer-type dementia includes amnesia, dementia, stupidity, depression symptom complex, insanity and the like and uses the as the criterion for diagnosis and treatment effect evaluation. 2. The clinical symptoms of Alzheimer-type dementia include lowered intelligence, deterioration of memory, understanding and judgemental power, retardation of the reaction, emotional changes, character changes, behavioral changes and the like and are divided into mild, medium and serious according to the degree of symptom. 3. From the perspective of Bon-Heo-Pyo-Shil(state of deficient vital essence and excessive pestilential vapor), the pattern of Byun-Sung(identification) is divided into deficiency symptom complex, excessive symptom complex and indiscernible fullness and emptiness. The deficiency symptom complex includes deficiency of the liver and kidney, deficiency of essence of the kidney, deficiency of the reservoir of marrow and the like. The excessive symptom complex includes internally blocked stagnant blood, blocking of the passageway due to turbid phlegm, blood stasis due to stagnation of chi, and the like. The indiscernible fullness and emptiness symptom complex includes the deficiency of essence of kidney, blocking of the passageway due to stagnant phlegm, blood stasis due to the deficiency of kidney, blood stasis due to the deficiency of heart and the like. 4. The therapeutics and' prescription of Alzheimer-type dementia include the following: Bo-Shin-Ik-Su-Tang for tonifying the kidney, replenishing the marrow and plugging the essence; Ki-Guk-Ji-Hwang-Hwan-Ga-mi for reinforcing the vital essence of the liver and kidney; Kwi-Bi-Tang-Hap-Yang-Shim-Tang for invigorating the functioning of the spleen and nourishing the heart; Hyel-Bu-Chuk-Eo-Tang-Ga-Mi for activating the blood and resolving the stagnancy of the blood; Bo-Yang-Hwan-Oh-Tang for replenishing chi, activating the blood and resolving the stagnancy of the blood; Beoh-Kwang-Mong-Sung-Tang for invigorating the functioning of the spleen, replenishing the kidney, resolving the phlegm and enlivening the brain; n-Dam-Tang-Ga-Mi for invigorating the functioning of the spleen, replenishing chi, and removing the phlegm and unclogging the passageway); Se-Shim-Tang-Ga-Mi for removing the stagnancy of the liver and resolving the phlegm; and the like. 5. The research papers on, the medication cases of Alzheimer-type dementia understand the pathology of Alzheimer-type dementia from a consistent perspective. They view the pathology of Alzheimer-type dementia as the disease of Bon-Heo-Pyo-Shil(state of deficient vital essence and excessive pestilential vapor) with the combination of the deficiency of essence of the kidney, the deficiency of the brain marrow, blood stasis and blocked phlegm and the like and recommend the prescription of using Bo and Sa simultaneously for treating Alzheimer-type dementia. 6. The research papers on the medication cases of Alzheimer-type dementia reported that the use of creative prescriptions such as Si-Sam-Hang-Ji-Tang, Ji-Yung-Tang, Ka-Mi-Yunh-Ji-Hwan, Ja-Sin-Hwal-Hyel-Tang, Kal-Chang-Ik-Ji-Tang, Ho-Su-Bok-Ji-Tang, Kun-Noe-Ok-Ji-Hap-Je and the like led to the average high efficacy of 85.5%.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.301-318
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard tool of pattern identification, which will be applied to clinical research, for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Method: The items and structure of the instrument were based on a review of the published literature in China and Korea. The advisory committee on this study included 11 kidney-endocrine professors of the Korean Medical Colleges Division and 4 Korean medicine doctors who had a doctor's degree in the Kidney-Endocrine Division. The advisory committee was questioned regarding pattern identification importance, symptom weight, treatment importance, changes in the symptoms, rare changes in the symptoms, and frequency of prescriptions regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results: The Korean instrument of pattern identification was completed; it was composed of four questions for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: We sincerely look forward to improving the instrument through the continuous clinical studies.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 2011

The present investigation evaluated the safety of the methanol extract from the fruit body of Phellinus pini Ames (PPA) by determining its potential toxicity after a subacute administration in rats. The extract was orally administered in doses of 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, and 4 g/kg daily for 14 days to rats. Body weight, biochemical, and hematological parameters were determined at the end of 14 days of daily administration. The no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) of the extract were 4 g/kg, when given by gavage routes. Daily oral administration of PPA extract for up to 14 days did not result in the death of significant changes in the body weight, hematological, and mainly biological parameters. In biological analysis, some significant changes occurred, including triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), indicating that the PPA extract has liver and kidney-modulating activity. The PPA extract was found to be low or non-toxic in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.364-372
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• 2000

The Youngkaechulgamtang(Y) is composed of four herbal drugs, including Hoelen(H), Cinnamomi Ramulus(C), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba(A) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(G). In oriental medicine literatures, Youngkaechulgamtang is described to be effective in headache, inflammation, uremia, gastritis, diarrhea, hypertension. To estimate the clinical effectiveness of Youngkaechulgamtang, several pharmacological experiments were carried out. The results are summarized as follows: On $HgCl_2-induced$ renal failure rat, Youngkaechulgamtang showed the significant increase of $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-$ contents in urine and the significant decrease of creatinine and BUN concentrations in serum. Youngkaechulgamtang was more effective than mixture of 4 ingredients in the urine volume and excretion of electrolytes. In the diuretic effect, Hoelen and Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba were more effective than other drugs.