• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.63-66
• /
• 2002

Developers have, for some time now, recognised the benefits of acquiring "brownfields" sites for future urban development. The term “brownfield” generally refers to sites that have been previously occupied and in most cases this occupation has been for industrial usage. A key issue that developers face when considering the acquisition of a former industrial site is contamination and the costs associated with remediating the land to a level that renders the site suitable for its proposed use. Understanding all of the issues and implications associated with the remediation of contaminated land can be quite daunting. The process of remediation brings together a number of stakeholders that all have some influence on the outcome of the works. The stakeholders include the vendor, the purchaser, the regulatory authorities i.e. EPA and council, the Site Auditor and local residents. Careful planning and negotiation with the above stakeholders should be considered before committing to any remediation project.n project.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.406-412
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the level of Internet addiction among adolescents, and to examine factors affecting Internet addiction in adolescents. Method: The participants in were 475 high school students. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis to examine the factors affecting Internet addiction in adolescents. Result: The overall Internet addiction scale score was 63.83(±20.48). The differences of Internet addiction according to student characteristics were found to be significant for sex and grade. The level of Internet addiction was positively related to the level of impulsiveness and depression. The level of Internet addiction was negatively related to the level of social support. Factors such as impulsiveness and social support were examined as significant factors predicting Internet addiction in adolescents. Conclusion: Based upon these findings, factors affecting Internet addiction in adolescents include impulsiveness and social support. The findings provide further justification for interventions targeting key factors that influence Internet addiction in adolescents in addition to providing adolescents with necessary communication, negotiation and other life skills.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we propose a plural subject account of group beliefs using grounding concept, which bridges the gap between the two main approaches of ACLs, the mentalistic accounts and the social commitment accounts. The key idea of this Gilbert's plural subject account of group beliefs is to extend the grounding logic into the common ground framework for the semantics of ACLs which is fully verifiable, fully formalized and easily applicable. Thus, we formalize the proper group belief concept using common ground framework and we define the semantics of the primitive speech acts of FIPA-ACL such as inform, request and confirm as case studies. Also, we illustrate our framework on an e-commerce agent purchase negotiation and compare this proposed framework with two traditional semantics for ACLs.

• 미국학
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2019

This paper suggests a genealogy of romance in Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker, A Gesture Life, and The Surrendered. A flexible textual performance and literary strategy spanning issues of beauty and love, romance in Lee registers the writer's distinctive diasporic negotiation with sites of departure and arrival, in particular with traumatic histories of the m/other country. Native Speaker resolves the crisis of public immigrant love within the compromise in the domestic melodrama. As Lee turns to the scenes of historical trauma in the twentieth century transpacific, romance becomes a key strategy through which his aestheticized framing and deframing of comfort woman is performed and the Korean War finds odd comfort in the aesthetic energy of perverse care in Italy. Through the dehistoricizing movement outside of the historical into the realm of myth and nostalgia, Lee's diasporic romance breaks away from mandates of representation and works within the excess of mistranslation.

• 수완나부미
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2012

In 2010, nearly thirteen hundred Buddhist monks from all over the world converged on to the small Indonesian resort town of Berastagi to celebrate the inauguration of the Taman AlamLumbini, a replica of Myanmar's most iconic Theravada Buddhist temple, the ShwedagonPaya. Nestled on Christian lands within a predominantly Muslim country, the building of the Taman AlamLumbini marked several years of negotiation amongst various religious communities, local government mediators, and patrons. This study makes a preliminary assessment of the ways in which cultural and historical discourses were used by participants to evoke a sense of transnational connectedness outside the realm of formal bilateral diplomacy. Through particular Buddhist ceremonies, rituals, and imagery, Myanmar sponsors and Indonesian patrons promoted a sense of broad pan-Asianism that linked monks, state officials, and local lay practitioners into a single community. A brief examination of the key speeches during the opening ceremony reveals that national interest and identity were still very much in play.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.177-185
• /
• 2005

건설공사의 불확실성은 빈번히 클레임에 노출된다. 대부분의 경우 이러한 클레임에 대한 기본적인 해석은 공사계약서를 기준으로 하게 된다. 이러한 계약서 작성시의 문제는 발주자나 시공자가 부담하여야 하는 계약적 위험(risk)이 어떻게 규정되어 있어야 합리적인 수준인가를 판단하는 것인데 이러한 판단을 위해서는 FIDIC 계약조건과 같이 국제적으로 합리성을 인정받는 표준계약조건을 참고하는 것이 합리적이라 하겠다. 이에 본 연구는 FIDIC 계약조건을 기준으로 국내 공공공사에서 일반적으로 사용하는 공사계약일반조건에 내재되어 있는 불공정, 불합리 조항을 분석하여 세계적 수준에 맞는 공사계약조건을 제시하고자 위험관리의 관점에서 공사 계약조건을 분석하고, 여기서 도출되는 위험요인을 검증하며, 이에 대한 대응방안을 모색함으로써 공사계약일반조건의 위험요인 감소방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.171-194
• /
• 2005

The CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading were drafted by the Comite Maritime International(CMI) and related specifically to EDI transfers of negotiable bills of lading. The CMI Rules are contractual in nature and the application of the CMI Rules is strictly voluntary. The method adopted in the CMI Rules to enable negotiation of the rights to cargo in a controlled method is based on the introduction of the ‘Private Key’. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. In Japan, through TEDI Project, the RSP Model is introduced as e-trade solution like Bolero's Solution. The RSP Model Solution will be furnished through TC(Trade Chain) Server and RSP(Repository Service Provider) Server. The purpose of this paper is to analyze comparatively the CMI Rules and Bolero Bill of Lading and RSP Model of TEDI and to find the implications in this case study for quick introduction of electronic Bill of Lading.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2019

During the Obama administration, America made a shift in its foreign policies to re-focus on Asia. The strategy, known as 'Pivot to Asia', was used to contain a rising China. In this editorial note, I appropriate the geopolitical term to call for a scholarly refocus on Asia (and the broader Asia Pacific region). JCEA started as an area journal. While it has become more technology-focused and less geographically-bounded in its coverage of topics, the journal recognizes the centrality of the region's political economy and technological forces in setting (and upsetting) global norms and rules. The Asia Pacific contains the world's freest economies as well as the most oppressive regimes. It breeds both technology giants and laggards. As new geopolitical tensions loom, it is where the digital iron curtain is drawn, and where the vice and virtue of innovations debated. Social scientists in the English world, who lend extensively on European and American cases, can benefit from studying the Asia Pacific by testing whether and how local experience conforms to or confronts with universal theories. Very likely, western-centric norms and models become morphed and entangled in the grounded local particularity, reflecting many shades of this diverse place. In my arguments below, I highlight the Asia Pacific as a site of contradiction, as well as a site of contention and negotiation. My emphasis is that regional particularity holds the key to answer concurrent debates in the West concerning governance and accountability in the digital age.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.569-592
• /
• 2013

In Reservation Blues, Sherman Alexie examines how Indians can survive successfully in contemporary America, overcoming the tragic history of colonialists' violence and the resultant traumata. For Alexie, both reassembling the parts of the colonialist history through remembrance and testifying its unjustness play important roles not only in the decolonization process which probes the remnants and the negative effects of the colonialism deeply rooted in the lives of Indians but in the procedure of healing the political, cultural, and religious traumata. However, it should be noted that the ultimate aim of Alexie's decolonization does not lie in erasing every trace of the colonialism but in transforming its legacy into a story of survivance. The recovery of the tribal voices and the preservation of Indian traditions, blood, and cultures are essential in the survivance of Indians. Yet, Alexie's tribalism should not be viewed as an exclusive one. He knows well that it is neither possible nor desirable to maintain an exclusive tribalism based on blind adherence to a mythic or "pure" past. Exclusive tribalism is a cause for alarm in the contemporary world, a dynamic place where diverse cultures consistently change through collision, exchange, and negotiation. In Reservation Blues, Alexie stresses a spiritual and cultural flexibility that makes the cultural interpenetration possible as a key element of the meaningful survivance of contemporary American Indians.

• 분석과 대안
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.39-61
• /
• 2020

The Chinese Communist Party's 'with-Chinese-characteristics' discourse proclaims its superiority in reflecting people's genuine needs without poisonous partisan politics, as in Western democracies. The Party's Consultative Democracy is key to this superiority. To evaluate Consultative Democracy in Contemporary China from a perspective of popular sovereignty, which is the essential purpose of every kinds of democracy, this research looks into Consultative Democracy from two dimensions: theoretical dimension and institutional dimension. Theoretically, CCP's Consultative Democracy seeks its theoretical sources from their traditional thought as well as from Marxism, and especially emphasizes CCP's leadership to fulfill the consultation results. And through the analysis of various field investigations, we find that there are some prominent problems in grass-roots society's institutional mechanism for Consultative Democracy, such as insufficient connection between institutional innovation and existing legal system, inefficient consultation, insufficient representation of consultative subjects and weak motive force for sustainable development. By legitimizing certain groups or individuals as representatives in their consultative process, CCP can be de-legitimize by containing, dividing or denouncing others so that critics can be co-opted, neutralized or isolated. The CCP's consultative and representational processes are different from taking policy inputs as dialogue or negotiation as in democracies, it is a dynamic, largely one-way process of enforcement and direction with a clear political agenda: maintaining Party hegemony.