• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 1998

Feeding experiment of [$^3$H] 5-epi-aristolochene (5-EAS) demonstrated in suspension cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) that 5-EAS hydroxylase activity was absent from control cells, but induced to a maximum level within 18 h after the addition of cellulase, and was very similar to induction pattern of sesquiterpene cyclase. This result suggest that the conversion of 5-EAS to capsidiol is catalyzed by at least one elicitor-inducible hydroxylase. Cytochrome P450 inhibitors, ancymidol and ketoconazole, suppressed the elicitor-induced capsidiol accumulation by inhibiting hydroxylase activity, suggesting that the hydroxylase may be a Cyt P450 type enzyme.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2023

The skin is a dynamic ecosystem on which diverse microbes reside. The interkingdom interaction between microbial species in the skin microbiota is thought to influence the health and disease of the skin although the roles of the intra- and interkingdom interactions remain to be elucidated. In this context, the interactions between Malassezia and Staphylococcus, the most dominant microorganisms in the skin microbiota, have gained attention. This study investigated how the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus affected the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus to the azole antifungal drug ketoconazole. The susceptibility was significantly decreased when Malassezia was co-cultured with Staphylococcus. We found that acidification of the environment by organic acids produced by Staphylococcus influenced the decrease of the ketoconazole susceptibility of M. restricta in the co-culturing condition. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the significant increased ergosterol content and cell membrane and wall thickness of the M. restricta cells grown in the acidic environment may be the main cause of the altered azole susceptibility of the fungus. Overall, our study suggests that the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus influences the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus and that pH has a critical role in the polymicrobial interaction in the skin environment.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Normally, environmental toxicants are classified as endocrine disruptors if they interfere with regulation of cellular function by endogeneous steroids through inhibition of receptor binding and/or transcriptional activation. So, many studies have been performed about agonist/antagonist of hormone receptor to study mechanisms of endocrine disruptors. If toxicants affect steroid biosynthesis and/or degradation and alter hormone homeostasis, these also are classified as endocrine disruptors. But there are not many studies of the mechanisms of endocrine disruptors on the basis of alteration of steroid biosynthesis and/or degradation. Isolation and culture of Leydig cells from testis is one of methods for the steroidogenesis screening assays to evaluate a substance for altering steroidogenesis. Leydig cells were harvested using the method described by Klinefelter with modifications. Leydig cells were purified by perfusion of testis and incubation ($34^{\circ}C$, 80cycles/minute, 20 minutes) with collagenase (0.25 mg/kg), centrifugal elutriation, percoll gradient centrifugation and BSA multidensity gradient centrifugation. To confirm if this method is one of appropriate tools to evaluate a substance for altering steroidogenesis, ketoconazole, positive control was administered to purified Leydig cells. Ketoconazole ($10^{-8}M$ and above) significantly reduced testosterone production in purified Leydig cells. From above results, we suggest that this method for steroidogenesis screening assay appears to be a appropriate tool to detect suspected compounds for altering steroidogenesis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.108-111
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• 1997

지방친화성 진균인 M. pachydermatis가 두 마리의 수캐에서 피부병의 원인균으로 증명되었다. 두 마리의 환축에서 흥반, 인설, 탈모 등이 여러 부위에서 발생하였으며, 광역항생물질과 코르티코스테로이드의 45일간 투여에 대해 아무런 임상적 반응을 나타내지 않았다. 발아를 나타내는 난원형 내지 원주형의 효모균이 KOH 및 PHOL 방법에 의해 환축의 피부병변으로부터 다수 증명되었고, 이들은 형태학적으로 M. pachydermatis와 일치하였다. 두 환축의 피부 병변부위 시료를 chloramphenicol을 첨가한 %37{\diamond}C$의 Saubouraud dextrose agar에 배양하면 이 진균이 반복하여 배양되었다. ketoconazole의 경구투여와 sulphur lime의 국소적용에는 치료반응을 잘 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2005

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.184-187
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• 1998

In a harbor seal in captivity from the Yellow sea of Korea, alopecia began on flippers and tail, and spread to ventral part of abdomen and dorsal part of body in order. Multiples coalesced, and well-circumscribed lesions such as patches and maculas appeared on foreflipper, hind flipper, perianus, ventral part of tail, lips, and some parts of trunk were appeared in. Phialophora richardsiae, Gemella morbillorum, and coagulate-negative etaphyococci were isolated from Besions and hairs. After treatment with internal and external ketoconazole, povidone iodine, cephalexinl Pink Skin~l and multivitamins hair grew up and lesions were disappeared completely 8 months after occurrence.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.846-855
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• 2008

Objects : The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of five herbal medicines on cytochrome P450 3A4 drug-metabolizing enzymes in human liver microsomes. Methods : To use human liver microsomes, an extract of five herbal medicines, which are Artemisia princeps Pampan, Sophora jeponica Linne, Panax notoginseng F. H. Chen, Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Sieb., and Cirsium maackii Maxim, which together are called Jihyulyak(止血藥, drugs for arresting bleeding, hemostatics), was co-incubated and measured for relative enzyme activity in incubation condition compared to ketoconazole, a representative inhibitor of CYP 3A4. Results : We showed that all five of the traditional herbal medicines had no inhibition effect of CYP 3A4 at 10, 20, 30, 40, and $50{\mu}g/ml$ doses in human liver microsomes, although Sophora japonica Linne(SJL) showed a little inhibition at about 81% inhibition rate of control. However, this result is not enough to prove that SJL has a CYP 3A4 inhibition effect. Moreover, we can't make sure that those rates had significant induction effect on CYP 3A4. Conclusions : The result of this study could support that those herbal medicines are safer than chemical drugs, even if this is the basic step to prove that result.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.627-633
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• 2000

A 6-year-old male Basset hound weighing 9.3 kg was presented with a history of severe mucopurulent discharge from the bilateral fronto-nasal area which had been developed progressively over 1 year. At admission, the physical state and appetite of the patient was poor. There was bilateral thick and mucoprulent discharge on the fronto-orbital area with fistula opening in the skin over the frontal bone. A sample of exudate was cultured and fungi were isolated. Radiographically, there was an increased diffuse opacity of the frontal sinus with decreased definition and a thickening of the mucous membrane lining the sinus. This case was finally diagnosed as chronic fungal frontal sinusitis. After surgical obliteration of the sinus, local and systemic antifungal therapy with chlorhexidine and ketoconazole were applicated. The dog had gradually recovered the physical state and appetite.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.104-113
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of five herbal medicines on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 drug-metabolizing enzymes in human liver microsomes. Methods: By using of human liver microsomes, we extracted Cnidium officinale Makino, Rhus verniciflua Stokes, Prunus persica Batsch, Corydalis remota Fisch, Carthamus tinctorius Linne, which are called Hwalhyulgeoouhyak(活血祛瘀藥). Then they were incubated and measured for relative enzyme activity under incubation conditions compared to ketoconazole, which is known as a representative inhibitor of CYP 3A4. Results: We showed that all of five traditional herbal medicines had no inhibition effect of CYP 3A4 at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ doses in human liver microsomes, although Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) showed a little inhibition as about 95% enzyme activity of control. However, this result was not enough to prove that RVS has a CYP 3A4 inhibition effect. Moreover, we can't confirm that those rates have significant induction effect on CYP 3A4. Conclusions: The result of this study could support that those herbal medicines are more reliable than chemical drugs, even if this is a basic step to prove that result.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.242-244
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• 2003

A 3-year-old, male, mongrel dog was presented with pruritus, alopecia to the Veterinary medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine of Kyungpook National University. On physical examination, generalized erythema, papules, scales and crusts were observed. The canine scabies infestation was diagnosed by deep skin scraping and Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were found on skin cytology. He was treated with selamectin at 6 mg/kg applied to the skin in a single spot every two weeks for one month in order to investigate the effect of selamectin on canine scabies and was treated with amoxicillin trihydrate/clavulanate pattassium, ketoconazole and chlorhexidine shampoo for Malassezia sup. and Staphylococcus spp. simultaneously. When he was rechecked after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first application of selamectin, scabies werent seen. The dermatological signs including pruritus, papules, scales, and crusts were remarkably resolved at 14 days. The alopecia was almost disappeared and few Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were seen after 28 days. The efficacy of selamectin by this protocol is excellent in the dog infestated canine scabies.