• CELLMED
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.9
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• 2022

The study has been carried out for the comparative analysis of relevant literature in order to highlight the present topic "Clinical study on effect on Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation)". Total no. of 40 cases has been selected from OPD and IPD of Panchakarma department, through proper history taking and clinical examination prior to VirechanaKarma. Only VirechanaKarmaYogya subjects were selected for the VirechanaKarma. Analysis of VirechanKarma on the basis of Vegiki (purgative bouts), Maniki (quantity), Langiki (clinical features) and Aantiki (end product) features were done in this study. In this study a highly significant relief was found in patients i.e. p<0.001 due to Virechana mainly vitiated PittaDosha (the heat energy in the body) and secondary Kaphadosha (mucus) and VataDosha (subtle energy associated with movement) are being expelled out which might have accounted for better relief in VirechanYogya (indicated) individuals (Pitta Pradhan Vyadhi (vitiated pitta), RaktajRoga (hemopoietic diseases), ShodhanYogyaAvastha (detoxification), etc.) in the above group of patients. VirechanaDravyas have properties like Tikshna (hyperfunction), Sukshma(subtle), Ushna (heat), etc. are described in Ayurvedic classics which play a vital role in the mode of action of VirechanaKarma has also been explained under probable mode of action.

• CELLMED
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.4.1-4.8
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• 2019

Now researchers have focused attention on exploring the mechanism of acute responses of heat stress given in heat therapy that ultimately promotes the long term health benefits. Heat therapy is not a new idea rather it was practiced since thousands years back in the form of hot bath, sauna bath, steam room. Similarly in Ayurveda there is very comprehensive description of heat therapy in the form of Svedan karma (Sudation therapy). Svedan is a process to induce sweating artificially in a patient who had already undergone Snehan. Svedan is applied for purification of body, as well as in management of various disorders originated due to vitiation of Vata, Kapha Dosha, Meda Dhatu and musculoskeletal disorders. It produces various beneficial effects by augmenting the Agni like clears the channels, liquefies the deposited Dosha, regulates Vata Dosha, helps in removal and pacification of Dosha, augments metabolism (Agni Deepan), increases appetite, flexibility in body parts, softness and shining of skin, removes coldness, stiffness, drowsiness, improves joint motility. However, Svedana karma is vastly used by Ayurveda Physicians in treatment of various disorders but the mechanisms of beneficial effects produced by Svedan Karma are yet not completely explored on scientific basis. In this article, we will discuss and try to establish a possible mechanism of action of Svedana karma in relation to heat stress, mitochondrial adaptation, heat shock protein (HSP) and glucocorticoids as these are secreted under stressful conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.189-214
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• 2018

Archival description is considered as a creation and curation process, and the results of the descriptive records can be used for archival information service. Therefore, various archival descriptive standards provide essential guidelines for establishing a semantic and synthetic structure of the archival records. In this study, the structural aspects of the archival descriptive standards were analyzed and an experimental mapping between General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)), the archival standard, and CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC CRM), the domain ontology of cultural heritage field was performed. The data structure of ISAD(G) is examined in advance and mapping was performed using Karma as a platform. It was thus concluded that there is a need to understand the ontology-based mapping method and the event-focused domain ontology. Moreover, developing a CIDOC CRM-compatible archival ontology and restructuring the legacy ISAD(G) are needed.

• CELLMED
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.4
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• 2021

Background: Amavata is a disease that occurs as a result of the error of metabolism. Poor dietary habits and faulty Dincharya (daily regimen) and ritucharya (seasonal regimen) leading to deranged metabolism and Agni (metabolic fire) which results in the formation of Ama(undigested product of metabolism). When Amaconceals with Vata(subtle energy associated with movement) and circulates in the body under the influence of Vyana Vayu (omnipresent air)it clogs the srotasas (microchannels) and initiates the inflammatory cascade. Amavata is commonly correlated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while other forms of auto-immune disorders can also be included in Amavata.Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GM) has been connected to the onset of diverse autoimmune diseases. In this study, it was hypothesized that Panchakarma (bio-purificatory methods) based intervention such as Virechana Karma (therapeutic purgation) may influence microbiota. Materials and Methods: Various Ayurvedic literature were reviewed for the etiopathogenesis of Amavata. Different databases were searched with research papers related to Gut Dysbiosis and autoimmunity and management of RA. A connecting link between Intestinal Dysbiosis with the autoimmune mechanisms was established and it was also found that the bowel cleansing introduced a change to the GM. Conclusion: It was concluded that Virechana karma is effective in gut flora Dysbiosis. This study aims to correlate the ancient Ayurvedic principles related to Agni Bala(metabolic energy) and biopurificatory treatment modalities like Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation)with the modern concept of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. The article creates an understanding about principles of Ayurveda and its rationality in today's scientific world and thereby opens newer vistas of research in therapeutics from Ayurveda, which may be helpful in the management of various immune-mediated Diseases through Ayurveda.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2 s.62
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• pp.201-216
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• 2005

Objective: Ayurveda is a complementary and alternative medical (CAM) system that has been practiced primarily in the Indian sub·continent for 5,000 years. As need for CAM increases, interest in Ayurveda is drawing more attention in Western countries. But in Korea, understanding of Ayurveda is superficial due to a lack of information and research. In this article, we investigated not only the philosophical features of Indian Traditional Medicine, but its relationship with Korean Oriental Medicine. Methods: From April to August 2004, we sought mutual cooperation through observation at research institutes (Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, National Institute of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine) and performed on-the-spot surveys & discussions. Results & Conclusions: We conclude that the philosophies of Indian Traditional Medicine could extend those of Korean Oriental Medicine. Adopting some promising Indian Traditional Medicine techniques such as PanchaKarma and KsharaSutra treatments which have been shown to have efficacy and safety could contribute to the development of Korean Oriental Medicine's internal & external medical treatment. Further studies of Indian Traditional Medicine are needed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.708-714
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• 2023

This study reports a new record of freshwater fish Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider) from Aiechu-Kalikhola tributary of the Maukhola river in Sarpang, Bhutan. The species was found in shoal of the tributary and was identified using its morphometric characters. It can be identified and distinguished from its congeners reported in Bhutan by dorsal fin rays XIX, 47, anal fin rays III, 52, rostral plates 28, pectoral fin rays 19, caudal fin rays 15, soft rayed part of dorsal and anal fin separated by a notch from rounded caudal fin, and presence of four ocelli at the base of dorsal fins. Further studies are needed to better understand its distribution, ecology, and population dynamics in the country. A key to species belonging to Mastacembelidae of Bhutan including the new record is provided.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-157
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• 2022

Religion has a very close relationship with our everyday lives. In particular, religion maintains an absolute and ultimate value system and is deeply associated with all sectors of society such as politics, economy, thought, arts, culture, and science. The original meaning of religion in Buddhism means the teachings that become fundamentals. There are numerous religions around the world, and each religion has its own object of faith, different system, and unique rites and lifestyles. Therefore, evaluating or denouncing other regions based on the doctrines or conventions of a specific religion can lead to conflicts and disputes. The Buddhist Vinaya Pitaka related to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is a method regarding the operation of a community. Vinaya Pitaka contains Buddha's teachings about individual and organizational ethics and on community life and activities. It is the Buddhist dispute resolution (BDR) of the Vinayata Pitaka that contains knowledge on howto remedy disputes among the four types of disputes that can occur. Vinaya Pitaka contains the principles and systems of BDR, and it is sufficient background for succeeding in the development of harmony today. The messages of laws, ethics, and Buddhist teachings are clear in these characteristics. The systems, progress, and procedures for various rites, events, and disputes as well as for everyday life, etc. display a rational operating system through karma. In particular, when disputes occur, the cause of the dispute is resolved as much as possible through transparent fairness and being unanimous using the seven remedies for disputes. Buddhist priests pursue private autonomy of ADR through karma, repentance, acceptance, etc. to maintain and continue the integrated functions of Buddhist priest harmony.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

The most of navigation services these days, are designed in order to just provide a shortest path from current position to destination for a user. Several navigation services provides not only the path but some fragmentary information about its point, but, the data tends to be highly restricted because it's quality and quantity totally depends on service provider's providing policy. In this paper, we describe the folksonomy POI(Point of interest) recommender system using mashup in order to provide the information that is more useful to the user. The POI recommender system mashes-up the user's folksonomy data that stacked by user with using external folksonomy service(like Flickr) with others' in order to provide more useful information for the user. POI recommender system recommends others' tag data that is evaluated with the user folksonomy similarity. Using folksonomy mahup makes the services can provide more information that is applied the users' karma. By this, we show how to deal with the data's restrictions of quality and quantity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2014

트랜잭셔널 메모리는 다중 코어 시스템에서 lock 을 대체할 메모리 동기화 기법으로 소개되었다. 트랜잭셔널 메모리를 사용하는 시스템에서 같은 주소의 메모리에 동시에 접근하여 충돌이 일어난 트랜잭션은 충돌해결정책에 의해 유효화 될지 버려질지 선택된다. 기존의 트랜잭셔널 메모리는 고정된 충돌해결정책을 사용하여, 상황에 따라 가장 유리한 트랜잭션을 선택 해주지 못하는 한계가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 상황에 따라 여러 정책 중 유리한 충돌해결정책을 판단하여 적용시키는 방법을 제안한다. STAMP 벤치마크를 통한 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안하는 방법은 기존에 사용되는 Timestamp, Karma 충돌해결정책 대비 평균 22% 높은 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2022

Bhutan is endowed with rich biodiversity with several edible and useful fern species. Ferns have been used by local communities for centuries as vegetables, ethnobotanical artifacts, and as medicines. Owing to the limited study of edible and useful pteridophytes in the country, the knowledgebase remains poor. In this study, we attempt to document edible and useful fern species in the country scientifically while also providing an annotated checklist.