• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.75 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

In order to contribute to the Korean tea-plant culture and tea industry by means of increasing the production of tea-plants, I have performed the tissue culture of the organs of the anther, leaf and stem. As for the culture-material, I have used the anther of tea (Thea sinensis) at the tetrad uninucleate microspore stage and used medium of modified Murashige and Skoog as the basal medium supplemented with the growth regulators of NAA and 2, 4-D, yeast, kinetin and others at various concentrations. As for the handling of material, I have followed the common methods of sterilization and microtoming and paraffine imbedding method and observed systematically periodic changes of the microspores in culture. I have divided the leaf, stem and root into segments and sterilized them and used the modified Murashige and Skoog as the basal medium and observed the differentiation of roots and callus and the results are as follows. 1. In case of anther, I have found 2n callus was found in 30 out of 100 segments in M2 medium. 2. The differentiation of roots appeared in 24.5% of total leaf segments cultured and in 50.5% of stem and in 43.9% of root. 3. When the differentiation of stem in different parts was observed, the most frequent differentiation was found in the second part of all the 4 parts. 4. The most frequent formation of callus was noticed from the anther-walls in case of anther culture and from the veins in case of leaf culture. It is concluded that the seedlings of tea-plant could be multiplied most by means of tissue culture of the second part of the tea-plant stem and reduction in the expenditures of tea-plant propagation was possible through tissue culture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.814-819
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• 2004

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of two housing systems on feed intake and nutrient utilization of sheep in a semi-arid region of India. Two types of housing managements were adopted. The first was a shed- 20'${\times}$10' structure with all the four sides of 6' chain link fencing with central height of 10'. The roof was covered with asbestos sheets, with mud floorings. The second was an open corral- 20'${\times}$10' open space with all the four sides covered with 6' chain link fencing. Thirty-four (32 ewes and 2 rams) sheep were grazed together on a 35 ha plot of native range. All the sheep were grazed as a flock from 08:00 to 17:00 h during the yearlong study. The flock was divided into two groups (16 ewes+1 ram) in the evening and housed according to two housing systems (Shed and Open Corral). Three digestion trials were conducted during three defined seasons of monsoon, winter and summer seasons to determine the effect of housing on nutrient intake and utilization. Blood samples were collected in three seasons for the estimation of hemoglobin and glucose. Dry and wet bulb temperatures were recorded at 06:00 A.M. and 09:00 P.M. using suitable thermometers both inside the shed and in the open corral and temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in the THI between shed and open corral in all the seasons, indicating that the shed was always warmer compared to open corral. The daily dry matter intake (DMI, g/d) was 965, 615 and 982 in sheep housed under shed and 971, 625 and 1,001 in those housed in open corral during monsoon, winter and summer season, respectively. These differences were however non-significant (p>0.05). The digestibility of DM was 45.92, 45.13 and 50.30 in sheep housed under shed and 43.64, 45.02 and 55.02 in sheep housed in open corral during monsoon, winter and summer seasons, respectively. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the digestibility of nutrients in sheep maintained under shed and in open corral. Blood Hb concentration was 13.97, 14.13 and 13.15 in sheep housed under shed and 15.27, 13.63 and 14.82 in those kept in open corral, whereas blood glucose concentration was 59.67, 59.70 and 52.33 in sheep under shed and 61.00, 61.00 and 57.83 in open corral, during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. There was also no significant effect of housing on the body weight changes, wool yield and survivability in ewes. Although housing had no significant effect on nutrient intake, their utilization and blood parameters, there was significant effect on the physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep maintained under the two housing systems (Bhatta et al., 2004). It can be concluded from this study that the housing systems didn't have any significant effect on the nutrient intake and utilization of native breed like Malpura, which were well adapted to the hot semi-arid conditions of India. However, while deciding provisions for housing of different breeds of sheep (both crossbred and native) parameters like physiological responses, energy expenditure, health conditions and overall economics of the systems should be taken into consideration.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 1977

The noise pressure scattered underwater on account of the engine revolution of a pole and liner, Kwan-Ak-San(G. T. 234.96), was measured at the locations of Lat. $34^{\circ}47'N$, Long. $128^{\circ}53'E$ on the 16th of August 1976 and Lat. $34^{\circ}27'N$, Long. $128^{\circ}23'E$ on the 28th of July, 1977. The noise pressure passed through each observation point (Nos. 1 to 5), which was established at every 10m distance at circumference of outside hull was recorded when the vessel was cruising and drifted. In case of drifting, the revolution of engine was fixed at 600 r. p. m. and the noise was recorded at every 10 m distance apart from observation point No. 3 in both horizontal and vertical directions with $90^{\circ}$ toward the stern-bow line. In case of cruising, the engine was kept in a full speed at 700 r.p.m. and the sounds passed through underwater in 1 m depth were also recorded while the vessel moved back and forth. The noise pressure was analyzed with sound level meter (Bruel & Kjar 2205, measuring range 37-140 dB) at the anechoic chamber in the Institute of Marine Science, National Fisheries University of Busan. The frequency and sound waves of the noise were analyzed in the Laboratory of Navigation Instrument. From the results, the noise pressure was closely related to the engine revolution shelving that the noise pressure marked 100 dB when .400 r. p. m. and increase of 100 r. p. m. resulted in 1 dB increase in noise pressure and the maximum appeared at 600 r. p. m. (Fig.5). When the engine revolution was fixed at 700 r. p. m., the noise pressures passed through each observation point (Nos. 1 to 5) placed at circumference of out side hull were 75,78,76,74 and 68 dB, the highest at No.2, in case of keeping under way while 75,76,77,70 and 67 dB, the highest at No.3 in case of drifting respectively (Fig.5). When the vessel plyed 1,400 m distance at 700 r.p.m., the noise pressure were 67 dB at the point 0 m, 64 dB at 600m and 56 dB at 1,400m on forward while 72 at 0 m, 66 at 600 m and 57 dB at 1,400 m on backward respectively indicating the Doppler effects 5 dB at 0 m and 3 dB at 200 m(Fig.6). The noise pressures passed through the points apart 1,10,20,30,40 and 50 m depth underwater from the observation point No.7 (horizontal distance 20 m from the point No.3) were 68,75,62,59,55 and 51 dB respectively as the vessel was being drifted maintaining the engine revolution at 600 r. p. m. (Fig. 8-B) whereas the noise pressures at the observation points Nos.6,7,8,9 and 10 of 10 m depth underwater were 64,75,55,58,58 and 52 dB respectively(Fig.8-A).

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.735-760
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• 2009

Most of every teachers' life is occupied with his or her instruction, and a classroom is a laboratory for mutual development between teacher and students also. Namely, a teacher's professionalism can be enhanced by circulations of continual reflection, experiment, verification in the laboratory. Professional development is pursued primarily through teachers' reflective practices, especially instruction practices which is grounded on $Sch\ddot{o}n's$ epistemology of practices. And a thorough penetration about situations or realities and an exact understanding about students that are now being faced are foundations of reflective practices. In this study, at first, we explored the implications of earlier studies for discussing a teacher's practice. We could found two essential consequences through reviewing existing studies about classroom and instructions. One is a calling upon transition of perspectives about instruction, and the other is a suggestion of necessity of a teachers' reflective practices. Subsequently, we will talking about an instance of a middle school mathematics teacher's practices. We observed her instructions for a year. She has created her own practical knowledges through circulation of reflection and practices over the years. In her classroom, there were three mutual interaction structures included in a rich expressive environments. The first one is students' thinking and justifying in their seats. The second is a student's explaining at his or her feet. The last is a student's coming out to solve and explain problem. The main substances of her practical know ledges are creating of interaction structures and facilitating students' spontaneous changes. And the endeavor and experiment for diagnosing trouble and finding alternative when she came across an obstacles are also main elements of her practical knowledges Now, we can interpret her process of creating practical knowledge as a process of self-directed professional development when the fact that reflection and practices are the kernel of a teacher's professional development is taken into account.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.848-854
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• 2007

Purpose : The present study examined the etiology and risk factors of the early breast-feeding jaundice and the usefulness of auditory brainstem response test as early predictor of kernicterus. Methods : Medical records of neonatal jaundice in newborn admitted to Daegu Fatima Hospital between September 2005 and May 2006 were analyzed prospectively. Infants were grouped according to feeding method : breast feeding group (breast feeding only, n=23), mixed feeding group (breast feeding mainly plus addition of fomula feeding, n=13). Results : There were no significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, sex, duration of phototherapy, serum bilirubin and hemolytic evidence between the two study groups. First visiting day of life at out patient department was significantly delayed in breast feeding group ($8.7{\pm}3.6day$) compared to mixed feeding group ($6.0{\pm}1.9$) (P=0.009). Weight loss was significantly severe in breast feeding group compared to mixed feeding group (P<0.05). In auditory brainstem response test, loss of Wave V in 3 cases was observed and recoverd after blood exchange transfusion in follow up test.Wave III latency had significant correlation to serum bilirubin in auditory brainstem response test (70 dB) (P=0.002). Conclusion : Our study suggest that further education about breast feeding and follow up within the first postnatal week would be necessary for early detection and prevention of early breast-feeding jaundice. Test of serum bilirubin and auditory brainstem response would be helpful in determination of blood exchange transfusion.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.179-195
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to provide a proper model by analyzing the sports biomechanical of physical movements on the basis of the two patterns(open-stance and cross-stance) at the ready-to-start pose. The subjects for this study are composed of five male handball players from P university and five female shooting players from S university. Three-way moving actions at start(right, left, and forward) are recorded with two high-speed video cameras and measured with two Force platforms and a EMG system. Three-dimensional action analyzer, GRF system, and Whole body reaction movement system are used to figure out the moving mechanisms at the start pose. The analytic results of the moving mechanism at the start pose were as follows. 1. Through examining the three-way moving actions at start, I have found the cross-stance pose is better for the moving speed of body weight balance than the open-stance one. 175 degree of knee joint angle at "take-off" and 172 degree of hip joint angle were best for the start pose. 2. The Support time and GRF data shows that the quickest center of gravity shift was occurred when cross-stanced male subjects started to move toward his lefthand side. The quickest male's average supporting time of left and right foot is 0.19${\pm}$0.07 sec., 0.26${\pm}$0.06sec. respectively. The supporting time difference between two feet is 0.07sec. 3. Through analyzing GRF of moving actions at start pose, I have concluded that more than 1550N are overloaded on one foot at the open-stance start, and the overloaded force may cause physical injury. However, at the cross-stance pose, The GRF are properly dispersed on both feet, and maximum 1350N are loaded on one foot.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.180-190
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• 1989

In order to obtain basic information on soil inprovement and management of two reclaimed paddy soils, Munpo and Pori series, this study was carried out by investigating the change of physico-chemical and soil mechanical properties. 1. In the Munpo series, the contents of salt in the soil and ground water before paddy rice transplanting at 6 years after reclamation were 0.60 and 1.84%, respectively, and the safty cultivation of paddy rice was possible after 20 years, while that of the Pori series was after 12 years. 2. In the Munpo series, the change of the soil particle size according to the ages after reclamation showed negative correlation with sandy contents, but clay contents had positive correlation both in the surface and subsurface soils. The pori series showed reverse tendency. 3. Between the N-value and Atterberg limits and the ages showed negative correlation in both Munpo and Pori series, but clay-activity showed positive. Arid the cole values showed positive correlation in the Munpo series, but negative in the Pori series. 4. Cone penetrating resistance in the surface of the Munpo series after 6 years of reclamation was 62.9, after 20 years 24.5 and $16.7kg/cm^2$ in 15cm of soil depth at depth of 22.5cm after 27 years. In the Pori series, it was $3kg/cm^2$ at 15-20cm of soil depth after 12 years and it used after being creation of hard pan layer after 23 years. 5. Change of the clay minerals by the different year after accomplishment of tidal reclamation did not show. The major clay minerals were illite and kaolinite, and accessory clay minerals were montmorillonite and vermiculite in both Munpo and Pori series.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

The iron doped colossal magnetoresistance materials with La-Ba-Mn-O perovskites structure have been synthesized by chemical reaction of sol-gel methods. Their crystallographic and magnetic properties have been studied with x-ray diffraction, VSM, RBS, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetoresistance measurements. The crystal structure of the La$\_$0.67/Ba$\_$0.33/Mn$\_$0.99/Fe$\_$0.01/ $O_3$ at room temperature was determined to be orthorhombic of Pnma. The lattice parameters a$\_$0/ and c$\_$0/ increased gradually, but b$\_$0/ deceased with increase of iron substitution. The magnetization and coercivity deceased, also the Curie temperature decreased from 360 K as x increased from 0.00 to 0.05. Magnetoresistence measurements were carried out, and the maximum MR ($\Delta$$\rho$/$\rho$(0)) was observed at 281 K, about 9.5 % in 10 kOe. The temperature of maximum resistance (R$\_$MAX/) decreased with increasing substitution of Fe ions and a semiconductor-metal transition temperature (T$\_$SC-M/) decreased too. This phenomena show that ferromagnetic transition temperature decreased by substituting Fe for Mn ions, it decreases double exchange interaction. This result accords with magnetic structure of neutron diffraction. Mossbauer spectra of La$\_$0.67/Ba$\_$0.33/Mn$\_$0.99/Fe$\_$0.01/ $O_3$were taken at various temperatures ranging from 15 to 350 K. With lowering temperature of the sample, two magnetic phases were increased and finally it showed the two sharp sextets of spectra at 15 K. The isomer shift at all temperature range is about 0.3 mm/s relative to Fe metal, which means that both Fe ions are Fe$\^$3+/ states.Fe$\^$3+/ states.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.23-37
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• 2007

Background: Even though cervical cancer poses a significant global cancer burden, successful implementations for early detection offer an opportunity to prevent deaths and reduce the cancer burden. In Korea, cervical cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among adult women, but it is one of the few cancers in which a consensus-approved screening test exists for early diagnosis, Pap test, that can be combined with highly efficacious treatment regimens for early-stage disease. Purpose: This study was carried out to identify the cognitive-behavioral factors associated with cervical cancer screening behavior among adult women, aged 40 to 59, and to develop tailored messages and to evaluate the effectiveness of stage-matched educational program. Method: A total of 283 women who aged 40 years or older was recruited in Seoul, from September, 1st to November, 14th, 2003. The intervention group (N=162) and the control group (N=121) were selected from five sub-districts in Seocho-gu, Seoul. Building on the TTM, a quasi-experimental study was conducted to test the effectiveness of stages-matched intervention addressed at the five stages of cervical cancer screening behavior. Women in the intervention group were randomly assigned to one of two conditions, internet or postal services. Results: In our results, 88.9% of participants had received a Pap test at least once in their life-time, and 65.4% had got it in the past two years. With regard to cognitive-behavioral factors, the stages-matched educational program increased attitude and process of change for cervical cancer screening. The percentage changed was the largest in maintenance stage. With regard to delivery methods for tailored messages, the print materials were more effective at increasing screening adherence than the e-mail. Whereas the postal service group showed remarkable the change of behavior stage, the internet service group did not. Also it was not shown any difference of the satisfaction with stages-matched educational program between internet and postal service groups. Conclusion: This study suggested that cervical cancer screening behavior could be changed by tailored messages which had developed with cognitive-behavioral factors. The stages-matched educational program was effective to promote the screening adherence for cervical cancer.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1989

An experiment was carried out at the International Rice Research Institute in 1987 to understand the seed dormancy and germination habit of rice and several weed species. The germinability of the weed seeds just after harvest was variable depending on the species and ranged from 0 to 72%. Two rice cultivars, IR64(lowland type) and UPLRi-5(upland type) had higher than 95% in germination ability throughout the experimental period due to the fact that the rice seeds came from the harvest of the previous season and dormancy had already been overcome. The length of the storage period needed to overcome dormancy at room temperature($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) was about 50 days for Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook, f., more than 60 days for E. crus-galli ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda and 20 days for Ludwigia octovalvis(Jacq.) Raven. Seeds of E. colona(L.) Link, Monochoria vaginalis(Burm. f.) Presl, Fimbristylis miliacea(L.) Vahl and Cyperus difformis L. appeared to have no dormancy. Among the nine species M. vaginalis had the lowest germination of less than 1% throughout the experimental period. However, its seed germinated easily when planted in soil. The low germinability of E. glabrescens, E. crus-galli ssp. hispidula and L. octovalvis just after harvest could be overcome through pretreatment of seeds either by soaking in nitric acid(0.1N) for 1 day or removal of the hull in the grass species, the nitric acid treatment being superior. The results imply that germination habit of weed species varied depending on the species through their differential dormancy period or differential germination strategy.