• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.372-387
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• 2012

This study aims to identify unique small group norms and their influence on the process of constructing a scientific model. We developed instructional materials for the construction of a model of blood flow in the heart and conducted research on eighth-grade students from one middle school. We randomly selected 10 small groups, and videotaped and recorded their dialogues and behaviors. The data was categorized according to the types of interaction and then analyzed to investigate the characteristics of group norms and models in one or two representative groups for each type. The results show that the types of interaction, the quality of the group models, and the group norms were different in each group. Even though one teacher guided students through the same task in the inquiry context, each group revealed different patterns of discourse and behavior, which were based on norms of cognitive responsibility, the need for justification, participation, and membership. With the exception of one group, there was little cognitive responsibility and justification for students' opinions. Ultimately, these norms influenced the model construction of small groups. A group that forms norms to encourage the active participation and justify members' opinions with cognitive responsibility was encouraged to do inferential thinking and construct a group model close to the target model. This study has instructional implications for the establishment of a classroom environment that facilitates learning through small group activities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-61
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore students' epistemic goals and considerations in designing an experiment task and to investigate how a shift in the students' epistemology affected their argumentation. Four 7th grade students were selected as a focus group. According to the results, when they designed their own experiment, their epistemic goal was 'scientific sense-making' and their epistemic considerations - the perception of the nature of the knowledge product was 'this experiment should explain how something happened', the perception of the justification was 'we need to use our interpretation of the data' and the perception of the audience was 'constructor' - contributed to designing their experiment actively. When students tried to select one argument, their epistemic goal shifted to 'winning a debate', showing 'my experiment is better than the others' with the perception of the audience, 'competitor'. Consequently, students only deprecated the limits of different experiment so that they did not explore the meaning of each experiment design deeply. Eventually, student A's experiment design was selected due to time restrictions. When they elaborated upon their result, their epistemic goal shifted to 'scientific sensemaking', reviewing 'how this experiment design is scientifically valid' through scientific justification - we need justification to make members accept it - acting as 'cooperator'. Consequently, all members engaged in a productive argumentation that led to the development of the group result. This study lays the foundation for future work on understanding students' epistemic goals and considerations to prompt productive argumentation in science classrooms.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the epistemic goals that pre-service elementary teachers can construct in their biology-related knowledge construction activities, how these goals are constructed, and how the shaping of the knowledge construction activities around the goals was afforded or constrained. The research participants were 26 pre-service teachers, divided into 11 groups of two or three to engage in the activity. Their discussions and products were collected and used as data for this study. The analysis revealed that the teachers constructed three types of epistemic goals: making sense of natural phenomena, proposing the most effective course of action, and proposing solutions to problems based on their causes. Construction of different types of goals depended on the conclusions the pre-service teachers expected to draw based on the explored natural phenomena. It was found that the elicitation of the pre-service teachers' epistemic goals could facilitate their shaping of the knowledge construction activity as an evidence-based justification. The participants planned the construction of mechanistic explanations of natural phenomena with the epistemic goals of 'making sense of natural phenomena' or 'proposing solutions to problems based on their causes.' However, enacting their knowledge construction plans with sophisticated epistemic features was constrained due to the limited resources available. This study can contribute to developing instructional strategies that facilitate learners' epistemic agency and addressing epistemic agency in the development of pre-service teacher education methods.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.109-122
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop value instruction program which can deal with geographic value problem(GVP) in geographic education. This program is organized into seven stages: identification of GVP(reading of content of GVP, and categorization and description of action which involved in content), analysis of GVP(comparison and analysis of GVP, and ordering of value positions), decision making, justification of decision making and actualization. The processes of decision making and their related activities are emphasized in this program. In experimental classroom, it took effects to providing subjective experiences with students, developing decision making ability, and giving responsibility of decision making. Therefore this study suggests that this program helps students to improve their social participation ability as the democratic citizenship.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.630-638
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• 2006

This paper reviews international practices of naming undersea features, centered on SCUFN (Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names), and draws some implications for the newly announced undersea feature names in East Sea. Even though the history of the activities of naming undersea features in Korea is not long, recent years have witnessed considerable progress in finding and naming undersea features. In view of the guidelines for naming undersea features by SCUFN, it is evaluated that most of these names have been appropriately selected. But more justification should be made for specific terms using historical persons, symbolic term, and for two names proposed for those already listed in the Gazetteer. For further works on naming undersea features, three steps are suggested: first, conducting surveys and accumulating data on undersea features, second, naming and announcing newly found features and publicizing them, and third, making attempts to achieve international standardization of domestically announced names.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.75-82
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• 1996

As can be seen in US case with the introduction of ISTEA and CAAA, the expansion of the transportation decision-making role of local government is expected to be quite apparent in Korea, and the increased importance of decision-making in transportation issues requires increased attention to both justification and analysis of transportation initiatives. A GIS-based facility management system in a desktop computing environment has been constructed using MapInfo, ARC/INFO, and Microstation to allow such expanded role of local government's decision-making activities. In this paper, first, authors try to explain the procedures of system design; that is, the digital map production including vectorizing, data conversion, attribute data entry, and application programming development. Then, various management functions which are basically embedded in MapInfo environment, and application functions established by the use of MapBasic language has been explored Finally, the possible benefits of combining geographic information systems with traffic planning scheme has also been described with some discussion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.642-657
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• 2017

The Protestant Reformation that erupted 500 years ago has influenced all aspects of society and have become a crucial stepping stone to modern times from the Middle Ages. The purpose of this study was to show the reformational characteristics of the social welfare revealed in the process of the Reformation in the 16th century and how they apply to the Modern Christianity, especially from the view of the missional church. Therefore, in the main body, the two doctrines of Justification by Faith only and the Priesthood of All Believers were based on the Luther's Reformation were examined. A researcher confirmed that his Reformational characteristics concerned about second-class citizens and disadvantaged such as the weak faith, women, and the social situations were considered all the time in his Reformation. There were three characteristics of Luther's social welfare reforms: relief activities, education businesses, and economic policies. In addition, a researcher discussed some suggestions that the missional church can apply to its ministry for creating a healthier community.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.101-129
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• 2017

This paper presupposes that the reason for the development of Guanyu's anthropolatry as a cultural phenomenon is derived from, along with Guanyu's loyalism and valor, the people's physiological effects longing for the emergence of a hero, and is closely linked with religious activities to provide the justification of their belief system. Based on this, the purpose of this paper is to study how major religions that is, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism take the courses of Guanyu's anthropolatry to their religious advantage and how Guanyu-god is applied to roots in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In Buddhism, it succeeded in the settlement by upgrading it to jialan-shen that guarded the Buddhist temple, while in Taoism, it was used as a guardian of the san-jie-fu-mo-da-di that chased the almighty devil and deviated from the disaster and suffering. In Confucianism, it was connected to Guanyu's Confucian-commander image to that of chun-qiu-da-yi of kongzi. That is, by symbolizing Guanyu as God of Martial Power and War depending on the country, it was used as a means of governance to establish rules and order.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-116
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the level of members' awareness of records management in the Republic of Korea Army within the institutional context extensively. Accordingly, in-depth interviews were conducted after comparing and analyzing the institutional systems that restricted the members' record management activities. As a result, it was identified that the members were confused by the inconsistency among the systems that defined the work procedures, and that the value of responsibility and efficiency in the records management system does not match the organization's goals. Therefore, the legal justification of the system should be improved in harmony with the responsibilities and efficiency and to match them with the organization's objectives. Moreover, the improved system should be internalized by the members through instructions that are relevant to the content of the system. This study intends to increase awareness in the records management system and improve the system as well.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.622-627
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• 2009

Business process engineering (BPE) is a top-down management approach for increasing efficiency and productivity through radical and fundamental changes to the business processes of the organization. BPE requires firms to initially develop a model of the existing business processes of the firm to distinguish functional tasks from processes used for coordinating inputs, activities and outputs. The model is used for understanding the business processes in the organization and to simulate the effect of changes to the processes. The model can also be used to justify business processes, which involves assessing whether the business process provides value to the customer in its current configuration. Justification requires a careful examination of the key business processes used by the firm to identify systemic shortcomings in the process and to create a new business process to produce greater efficiency. BPE also considers automating as many business processes as possible to increase operational efficiency and the integration of business process tasks. The construction industry has been slow to adopt BPE because of its project approach in which a major firm contracts with various functional service providers and regards each project as unique. The industry focuses on functional task efficiency rather than business process efficiency. There is no formal methodology or criteria for determining whether a business process is effective for a construction firm in its current configuration. The use of performance measures such as costs, task duration times or other metrics can be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of an existing business process and for modeling the possible outcome of a fundamental and radical change to the process.