• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.397-410
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• 2022

It is essential to monitor the working conditions of bolt-connected joints, which are widely used in various kinds of steel structures. The looseness of bolts may directly affect the stability and safety of the entire structure. In this study, a guided wave-based method for bolt looseness detection and localization is presented for a joint structure with multiple bolts. SH waves generated and received by a small number (two pairs) of magnetostrictive transducers were used. The bolt looseness index was proposed based on the changes in the reconstructed responses excited by the time reversal signals of the measured unit impulse responses. The damage locations and local damage severities were estimated using the damage indices from several wave propagation paths. The back propagation neural network (BPNN) technique was employed to identify the local damages. Numerical and experimental studies were conducted on a lap joint with eight bolts. The results show that the total damage severity can be successfully detected under the effect of external force and measurement noise. The local damage severity can be estimated reasonably for the experimental data using the BPNN constructed by the training patterns generated from the finite element simulations.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.181-207
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• 2013

In this paper, a statistical reference-free real-time damage detection methodology is proposed for detecting joint and member damage of truss bridge structures. For the statistical damage sensitive index (DSI), wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) in conjunction with the log likelihood ratio was suggested. A sensitivity test for selecting a wavelet packet that is most sensitive to damage level was conducted and determination of the level of decomposition was also described. Advantages of the proposed method for applications to real-time health monitoring systems were demonstrated by using the log likelihood ratios instead of likelihood ratios. A laboratory truss bridge structure instrumented with accelerometers and a shaker was used for experimental verification tests of the proposed methodology. The statistical reference-free real-time damage detection algorithm was successfully implemented and verified by detecting three damage types frequently observed in truss bridge structures - such as loss of bolts, loosening of bolts at multiple locations, sectional loss of members - without reference signals from pristine structure. The DSI based on WPD and the log likelihood ratio showed consistent and reliable results under different damage scenarios.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.34-64
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• 1989

포장(包裝) 용적(容積) 감소에 따른 수송비(輸送費) 절감(節減) 효과(效果)가 있어 조립시(組立式) 탁자류(卓子類) 가구(家具)의 제작(製作)에 널리 쓰이는 CBA(corner block with anchor bolt) 접합방식(接合方式)은 일정기간(一定期間) 사용(使用)함에 따라 접합부위(接合部位)가 약해지고 그 결과(結果) 구조(構造)가 불안정(不安定)하게 되는 반강접합(半剛接合)(semi-rigid joint) 특유(特有)의 결점(缺點)도 지니고 있다. 따라서 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 CBA 접합(接合) 강도(强度)에 영향하는 주요(主要) 설계(設計) 인자(因子)로서 side rail 규격, corner block의 side rail에의 부착시(時) 보강재(補强材)의 효과(效果) 및 corner block관통 anchor bolt의 사용(使用) 수(數) 그리고 corner block의 형태등(等)의 평가(評價)를 하기 위해 22개(個)의 접합군(接合群) 별(別)로 총(總) 88개(個)의 table section 시험체(試驗體)를 제작(製作)한 후(後)그들의 강성(剛性) 계수(係數)(Z - 값) 및 유효강도(有效强度)를 수평 하중(荷重)에 의한 변형측정(變形測定) 실험(實驗)을 통해 결정(決定)한 후 설계(設計) 인자별(因子別) 효과(效果)를 비교 분석(分析)하였다. 분석결과(分析結果), side rail의 높이 증대(增大) 및 corner block 부착시(時) PVAc 수지(樹脂)의 사용효과(使用效果)가 뚜렷하여 유효강도(有效强度)의 유의적(有意的) 향상(向上)을 나타냈고 anchor bolt의 효과(效果) 역시 2개 사용시(使用時)가 1개 사용시(使用時) 보다 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또 side rail 높이 와 anchor bolt 사용(使用) 수(數)간에는 상호작용(相互作用) 효과(效果)도 있었다. 그러나 side rail의 두께 효과(效果)는 22mm에서 25mm로 증대(增大)시켰을때 뚜렷한 상승 경향(傾向)은 보여주지 못했다. 한편 corner block의 형태는 MDF를 주재료(主材料)로 사용(使用)한 탁자(卓子) 설계시(設計時)는 두께 25mm, 높이 100mm의 side rail에 PVAc 수지(樹脂)로 보강(補强)하고 mitered corner block에 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시킨 경우가 유효강도(有效强度) 3171.7 kgf-cm로 22개의 접태군(接台群)들 중 최대치(最大値)를 나타냄으로써 miter type이 rectangular type보다 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적(結論的)으로 자재(資材)의 효과적(效果的) 이용(利用)을 통한 생산비(生産費) 절감(節減)과 동시(同時)에 구조(構造)의 안정(安定)된 강도적(强度的) 측면(側面)을 고려할 때, 두께 22mm, 높이 75mm의 MDF side rail에 mitered corner block을 PVAc 수지(樹脂)와 나사못을 이용하여 부착한 후(後) 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시키는 방법(方法)을 가장 합리적(合理的)인 MDF 사용(使用) 조립시(組立式) 탁자(卓子) 설계(設計) 방안(方案)으로 제시(提示)하는 바이다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.429-436
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• 2004

For the in-situ health monitoring of critical members in civil infra-structures, ultrasonic guided Lamb waves-based non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is very suitable. However, a chief drawback of the Lamb wave techniques is that multiple modes exist at all frequencies and the modes are generally dispersive, which means that the received signals may be very complicated. To overcome these complications, selective transmitting and receiving of a single A/sub 0/ mode within a frequency range can be adopted. Furthermore, a wavelet technique can be utilized to decompose the Lamb wave response into wavelet coefficients as a tool for signal processing. The changes in the Lamb waves interacting with damages in the steel plates are successfully characterized by this wavelet technique, through the amplitude change of the wavelet coefficients. In this paper, the feasibility of detecting a line crack on the surface of a steel plate and loosened bolts in a joint steel specimen using the Lamb waves and the wavelet technique is investigated.