A mutant strain having increased productivity of both enzymes, protease and amylase, was obtained from A. flavus KU 153, isolatd from South Korea for its high protease production by successive ultra-violet light irradiation, Two glucoamylases from the mutant strain selected were purified from wheat branculture by successive salting out, followed by dialysis and column chromatography, and their characteristics were compared with those of the wild strain. Glucoamylase production of the mutant selected was increased about 3.3 times compared with the wild strain, and 2.1 times compared with the parental strain, ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity of the mutant selected was about 2 times hugher than that of the wild strain or the parental strain. Protease and cellulase productivities of the muant selected were all alike compared with those of the highly proteolytic mutant, the parental strain. Therefore, it was considered that the back mutation on the protease production did not occurred in the formation process of the glucoamylase producing mutant. Total activities of glucoamylase I and II from the mutant selected were 2.86 and 3.65 times higher compared with those from the wild strain, respectively. Considering the optimal pH-thermal stability and Km-Vmax value of glucoamylase I and II from both strains, wild and mutant, it was deduced that the characteristics of glucoamylase I and II from the wild strain did not altered during the mutation process. Therefore, it was concluded that the selected mutant did not induce the formation of another glucoamylase isozyme, or the changes in the characteristics of the glucoamylase, but induce the productivity of the same glucoamylase I and II by the action of regulatory gene.
F. seoulensis were obtained from artificially infected albino rats at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days after infection. The worms and metacercariae were washed in physiological saline solution, and fled with 10% neutral formalin. The acetylcholinesterase (AchE) stained by one histochemistry using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate. Eserine, ism-OMPA and BW284C51 were used as inhibitors of AchE. The nervous system consists of three pairs longitudinal nerve trunks interconnected with excretory plexus in posterior half, and phinmc and oral sucker in anterior half of metacercariae and adults. The longitudinal nerve trunks are interconnected with transverse commissures and numerous circular commissures. Considerable numbers of circular commissures are interconnected with longitudinal nerve trunks tying on the surface of the worms. At each stage of juvenile worms, AchE and nonspecific cholinesterase activites were observed in the oral sucker, ventral sucker, pharynx and nerve system. Isoxymes of AchE in f seoderuts were separated into the two bands, 69 kDa and 132 kDa. The major band was 69 kDa.
Kim, Deog-Su;Oh, Sung-Kun;Chin, Moon-Sup;Ryu, Jeom-Ho
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
/
v.41
no.3
/
pp.332-339
/
1996
Electrophoretic method was utilized to classify 100 varieties of sweet potato germplasm maintained at the National Crop Experiment Station of Korea in 1993. The esterase isozyme patterns in the leaves were classified into 14 different types. Type Ⅸ included the most of the varieties (46) tested and Ⅶ, I, III, Ⅷ, II and V types of all included 47 varieties in order. The other 7 varieties had different band pattern with each other. Type I having many kind of band pattern included Shinyulmi, Beniastma and High starch which had the dry type of tuberous roots varieties. The esterase isozymes pattern in the tuberous roots were classified with 18 kinds of types. The C type included 22 varieties and B, K, A, E, I and N in order. The proteins pattern in the tuberous roots were classified with 7 kinds of types. I type included 36 varieties, and IV type included 27 varieties and II, III, Ⅶ and Ⅵ types in order.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inonotus obliquus has been used as antidiabetic herb around the world, especially in the Russian and Scandinavian countries. Diabetes is widely believed to be a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is widely considered to be type III diabetes. To investigate whether I. obliquus can also ameliorate AD, it would be interesting to identify new clues for AD treatment. We tested the anti-AD effects of raw Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) in a mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD transgenic mice). MATERIALS/METHODS: SPF-grade 3×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into three groups (Control, Metformin, and raw IOP groups, n = 5 per group). β-Amyloid deposition in the brain was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for AD characterization. Gene and protein expression of pertinent factors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS: Raw IOP significantly reduced the accumulation of amyloid aggregates and facilitated UPS activity, resulting in a significant reduction in AD-related symptoms in an AD mouse model. The presence of raw IOP significantly enhanced the expression of ubiquitin, E1, and Parkin (E3) at both the mRNA and protein levels in the mouse hippocampus. The mRNA level of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, a key factor involved in UPS activation, also increased by approximately 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Raw IOP could contribute to AD amelioration via the UPS pathway, which could be considered as a new potential strategy for AD treatment, although we could not exclude other mechanisms involved in counteracting AD processing.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.33
no.2
/
pp.305-310
/
2004
The present study was aimed at investigating effects of chicory inulin and three kinds of oligosaccharides on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Nine Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing, about 190g were given one of five experimental diets, which were basal cholesterol diet (Control) isomaltooligosaccharide diet (IMO), Iructooligosaccharide diet (FO), chicory inulooligosaccharide diet (CIO) and chicory inulin diet (CI) for 5 weeks. In the oligosaccharide and inulin diets, 6% was added at the expense of sucrose. Rats were pair-fed to the intake of FO group which consumed the least amount, and their feces were collected during the last 4 days. Body weight gain was lower in Fo and CI groups compared with the Control group. Plasma glucose levels of FO and CIO groups were lower and plasma triglyceride concentrations of FO, CIO, and CI groups were lower than those of IMO group. Plasma cholesterol concentration did not differ among groups. Relative liver weight was lower in CIO group. Hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol did not differ among. groups. Fecal excretion of neutral steroid and bile acid were not different among groups, but fecal triglyceride excretion was significantly increased in FO and CI groups compared with the Control group. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharides and chicory inulin at 6% of diets showed no significant hypolipidemic effect in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.
This study was carried out to investigate classfication of weedy rice (Oryza sativa) based on isozymes esterase and peroxidase, growth and developmental difference of weedy rices and rices grown under dry and water condition, and weedy rice control and tolerant difference of weedy rices in various herbicides using weedy rices collected from thirteen strains of Chonnam, one Chonbuk, two Kyeongki and two rice cultivars. 1. The collected weedy rices were classified into three groups based on isozyme esterase and peroxidase using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) method. The classified groups were not same each other. 2. Plant height was taller in collected weedy rices than rice cultivars at 18 days after seeding under dry and water conditions, but number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and root length were not significantly different between collected weedy rices and rice cultivars. In addition, growths of collected weedy rices were greater in dry- than water-condition. 3. After thiobencarb(S-4-chlorobenzyl diethythiocarbamate), molinate(S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) and oxadiazon(5-tert-butyl-3(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one) were applied at 6 days before seeding, the weedy rices controlled 100% by thiobencarb at 2.1kg ai/ha and 024kg ai/ha oxadiazon treatment but controlled 26% to 67% by molinate at 6.5kg ai/ha. Rice due to the herbicides was injured severely(25% to 100%) in flood condition at time of rice seeding after oxadiazon at 0.48kg ai/ha and 2.1kg ai/ha thiobencarb application, except for molinate which injured rice slightly(4% to 13%) in drain condition. The collected weedy rices to all experimented herbicides showed slight intraspecific variations. The intraspecific variations of weedy rices decreased in the order of thiobencarb>molinate>oxadiazon.
When effects of exogenous hormone on hairy root cultures of Raphanus sativs cv. Chungpihongsim examined, the highest anthocyanin synthesis and disorganization were observed when 2, 4-D was supplemented to the culture medium Cytokinins showed early weak induction after transfer and ABA showed inhibitory effect and GA3 showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. Hormones except for 2, 4-D in 1 mg/$\ell$ concentration did not induce disorganization of hairy root and retarded growth of hairy root. Time-course changes in anthocyanin synthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and chalcone synthase activity were examined in culture condition contalning 2, 4-D and kinetin. In a medium containing 2, 4-D, anthocyanin synthesis began to increase on the 9th day and reaching maxima on the 18th day after transfer. Maximum peak of PAL activity appeared on the 3-9th day and another minor peak appeared on the 18th day. CHS activity increased from 9th day, reaching maximum on the 18th day and remained at a relatively high level for culture period. In a medium containing kinetin, anthocyanin synthesis increased temporarily on the 6-9th days, early days after transfer and maintained at a low level for remaining culture period. Peak of PAL activity appeared on the 6th day and CHS activity increased from the 6th days, reaching maxima about 18th day and remained at a relatively high level. In particular, addition of kinetin after preculture in hormone free medium for 2 weeks which was thought of wound healing period showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. This results showed that stimulation of anthocyanin synthesis by 2, 4-D and kinetin was meaningfully connected with changes of PAL, CHS activity, and then suggested rate-limiting role of CHS on anthocyanin synthesis in that there is close correlation between anthocyanin synthesis and changes of CHS activity in time-course. Besides, it is considered that cytoklnins involving kinetin stimulated anthocyanin synthesis be due to "wound response" by cutting of young roots, and that difference in time-course peak and PAL, CHS activities expressed by 2, 4-D and kinetin result from occurrence of isozyme which have different regulatory mechanism.mechanism.
Seo, Jung-Soo;Lim, Sang-Uk;Kim, Na-Young;Lee, Sang-Hwan;Oh, Hyun-Suk;Lee, Hyung-Ho;Chung, Joon-Ki
Journal of fish pathology
/
v.18
no.1
/
pp.67-80
/
2005
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase $C\delta$$PLC\delta$) plays an important role in many cellular responses and is involved in the production of second messenger. The present study was conducted to obtain the biochemical characteristics of the expressed recombinant $PLC\delta$ in E. coli cloned from Misgurnus mizolepis and partially purified $PLC\delta$ enzymes from liver tissues of M. mizolepis (wild ML-$PLC\delta$). The ML $PLC\delta$ gene was cloned and expressed under the previous report (Kim et al., 2004), and purified the recombinant protein by successive chromatography using $Ni^{2+}$-NTA affinity column and gel iltration FPLC column. The wild ML-$PLC\delta$ protein was solublized with 2 M KCI and purified by successive chromatography on open heparin-Sephagel and analytical TSKgel heparin-5PW. Both the recombinant and wild ML-$PLC\delta$ form of protein showed a concentration-dependent PLC activity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate (PIP$_2$) or phosphatidylinositol (PI). Its activity was absolutely $Ca^{2+}$- dependant, which was similar to mammalian $PLC\delta$ isozymes. Maximal PI-hydrolytic activations of recombinant and wild ML- TEX>$PLC\delta$ was at pH 7.0 and pH 7.5, respectively. In addition, the enzymatic activities of recombinant and wild ML-$PLC\delta$ were increased in concentration-dependent manner by detergent, such as sodium deoxycholate SDC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The activities decreased in contrast by a polyamine, such as spermine. Western blotting showed that several types of $PLC\delta$ isozymes exist in various organs. Taken together our results, it suggested that the biochemical characteristics of ML-$PLC\delta$ are similar with those of mammalian $PLC\delta1$ and ${\delta}3$ isozymes.
This study was performed to evaluate the differences in resistance of rice varieties to biotypes of the brown planthopper (BPH), capable of surving on the Milyang 30 and Milyang 63 varieties which have Bph 1 and bph 2 gene for resistance, respectively. The rice varieties tested were Milyang 30, Cheongcheong, Milyang 63 and Gaya which have been reported as having resistant genes for the BPH. The check varieties were Chucheong and Sangpoong which have no resistant gene. The degree of resistance to the BPH biotypes indicated that Milyang 30, Cheongcheong, Milyang 63 and Gaya varieties were highly resistant to the biotype 1. But their reactions against biotype 2 and 3 were variable, namely Milyang 30 and Cheongcheong were susceptible to biotype 2, and Milyang 63 was susceptible to biotype 3. In the esterase isozyme patterns of brown rice the bands of ${\beta}-1,\;{\beta}-3\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in Chucheong and Sangpoong, while the bands of ${\alpha}-1,\;{\beta}-2\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in the test varieties which have genes for resistance. However, the bands of ${\beta}-5$ in Milyang 63 and Gaya were stronger than those of Milyang 30 and Cheongcheong varieties. In the root of 10-days seedling, the esterase bands of ${\alpha}-2,\;{\beta}-2\;{\beta}-4\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in Chucheong and Sangpoong, while the bands of ${\alpha}-1,\;{\beta}-1\;{\beta}-3\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in the tested different varieties. But the bands of ${\alpha}-1\;and\;{\beta}-5$ in Milyang 63 and Gaya were stronger than those of Milyang 30 and Cheongcheong varieties.
This paper was performed to study the nature of varietal resistance of some Korean-new rice cultivars to the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens ($ST{\AA}L$). The rice cultivars tested were Cheongcheong, Gaya, Hangangchal, Samgang, Nampoong and Yeongpoong which have been reported as having resistant genes for the BPH. The check varieties were Jinheung, Sangpoong and Chucheong for susceptible and IR-36 for resistant. The factors studied were referred to the seedling responses, preference in feeding and oviposition of BPH, antibiosis (nymphal development, adult emergence and sex ratio, adult body weight, population build-up, feeding amount and amylase activity), and chemical composition (inorganic components, chlorophyll contents, cell wall components, amino acids and esterase isozymes) of leaf- sheath and/or roots of rice plants. In conclusion, the natures of varietal resistance of rice cultivars to the BPH were not only correlated with the resistant reaction of rice plant, but also they were related with the non preference in feeding and oviposition and those resistant cultivars had the antibiotic effects to the insects. Their antibiotic effects of rice cultivars to the BPH would be related with some of the chemical components of rice plants, such as the contents of magnesium oxide (MgO), and chlorophyll and the different esterase isozymes.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.